{ "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json", "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/beet-red", "slug": "beet-red", "name": "Beet red", "identifiers": { "e_number": "E162", "ins_number": "162", "cas_number": "7659-95-2", "inchikey": "CTMLKIKAUFEMLE-FTNGGYTGSA-N", "pubchem_cid": 6540685 }, "functional_class": "Colour", "summary": "Beet red, or betanin, is the deep red-purple pigment of beetroot, used in ice cream, confectionery, yoghurts and desserts. It is sensitive to heat and light, which limits it to foods that are not strongly processed after colouring.", "derivation_summary": "Obtained by pressing or extracting red beetroot, Beta vulgaris, and concentrating the juice. Because it is little more than concentrated beet juice it carries some of the sugars and flavour of the root.", "regulatory_status": [ { "jurisdiction": "US", "jurisdiction_name": "United States", "authority": "Food and Drug Administration", "status": "not_listed", "status_label": "Not listed", "note": "Does not appear on this jurisdiction’s permitted list. That is not the same as being prohibited.", "provision_count": 0, "provisions": [] }, { "jurisdiction": "CODEX", "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius", "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA", "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions", "provision_count": 9, "provisions": [ { "status": "permitted", "food_category": null, "max_level": null, "max_level_unit": "GMP", "conditions": null, "effective_from": "1999", "citation": { "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table Three, INS 162", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" }, "source": "gsfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" }, { "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "food_category": { "system": "codex", "code": "04.2.2.7", "name": "Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1," }, "max_level": null, "max_level_unit": "GMP", "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS38, XS151, XS223 & XS294", "effective_from": "2025", "citation": { "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 162, food category 04.2.2.7", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" }, "source": "gsfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" }, { "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "food_category": { "system": "codex", "code": "06.4.2", "name": "Dried pastas and noodles and like products" }, "max_level": null, "max_level_unit": "GMP", "conditions": "GSFA notes: 676", "effective_from": "2025", "citation": { "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 162, food category 06.4.2", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" }, "source": "gsfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" }, { "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "food_category": { "system": "codex", "code": "08.1.1", "name": "Fresh meat, poultry and game, whole pieces or cuts" }, "max_level": null, "max_level_unit": "GMP", "conditions": "GSFA notes: 4", "effective_from": "2025", "citation": { "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 162, food category 08.1.1", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" }, "source": "gsfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" }, { "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "food_category": { "system": "codex", "code": "08.1.2", "name": "Fresh meat, poultry and game, comminuted" }, "max_level": null, "max_level_unit": "GMP", "conditions": "GSFA notes: 669", "effective_from": "2025", "citation": { "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 162, food category 08.1.2", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" }, "source": "gsfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" }, { "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "food_category": { "system": "codex", "code": "09.2.2", "name": "Frozen battered fish, fish fillets and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms" }, "max_level": null, "max_level_unit": "GMP", "conditions": "GSFA notes: 41 & XS166", "effective_from": "2026", "citation": { "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 162, food category 09.2.2", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" }, "source": "gsfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" }, { "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "food_category": { "system": "codex", "code": "09.2.4.1", "name": "Cooked fish and fish products" }, "max_level": null, "max_level_unit": "GMP", "conditions": "GSFA notes: 687", "effective_from": "2026", "citation": { "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 162, food category 09.2.4.1", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" }, "source": "gsfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" }, { "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "food_category": { "system": "codex", "code": "09.2.4.3", "name": "Fried fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms" }, "max_level": null, "max_level_unit": "GMP", "conditions": "GSFA notes: 16", "effective_from": "2026", "citation": { "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 162, food category 09.2.4.3", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" }, "source": "gsfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" }, { "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "food_category": { "system": "codex", "code": "09.2.5", "name": "Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms" }, "max_level": null, "max_level_unit": "GMP", "conditions": "GSFA notes: 22, XS167, XS189, XS222, XS236, XS244 & XS311", "effective_from": "2026", "citation": { "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 162, food category 09.2.5", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" }, "source": "gsfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" } ] } ], "names": [ { "name": "7659-95-2", "type": "cas", "source": "openfoodtox" }, { "name": "78693-88-6", "type": "cas", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "(15S)-BETANIN", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "2,6-pyridinedicarboxylicacid,4-(2-(2-carboxy-5-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "5YJC992ZP6", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "BEET RED", "type": "common", "source": "gsfa" }, { "name": "Beetroot Red, betanin", "type": "common", "source": "openfoodtox" }, { "name": "BETANIDIN 5-.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "Betanidin 5-beta-D-glucopyranoside", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "Betanin", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "Betanine", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "CTMLKIKAUFEMLE-FTNGGYTGSA-N", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "E 162", "type": "common", "source": "openfoodtox" }, { "name": "E-162BETANIN", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "INS NO.162BETANIN", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "INS-162BETANIN", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "Phytolaccanin", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "E162", "type": "e_number", "source": "openfoodtox" }, { "name": "162", "type": "ins", "source": "gsfa" }, { "name": "(2S)-1-((2Z)-2-((2S)-2,6-dicarboxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridin-4-ylidene)ethylidene)-6-hydroxy-5-((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxy-2,3-dihydroindol-1-ium-2-carboxylate", "type": "iupac", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "(2S)-1-(2-((2S)-2,6-dicarboxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridin-4-ylidene)ethylidene)-6-hydroxy-5-((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxy-2,3-dihydroindol-1-ium-2-carboxylate", "type": "iupac", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "(2S)-1-[(2E)-2-[(2S)-2,6-dicarboxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridin-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-6-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydroindol-1-ium-2-carboxylate", "type": "iupac", "source": "openfoodtox" }, { "name": "(2S)-4-[(E)-2-[(2S)-2-carboxy-6-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydroindol-1-yl]ethenyl]-2,3-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid", "type": "iupac", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "(2S)-4-[(E)-2-[(2S)-2-carboxy-6-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-indolin-1-yl]vinyl]-2,3-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid", "type": "iupac", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "(2S)-4-[2-[(2S)-2-Carboxy-5-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-1H-indol-1-yl]ethenyl]-2,3-dihydro-2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid", "type": "iupac", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "(2S)-4-{(E)-2-[(2S)-2-Carboxy-5-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl]ethen-1-yl}-2,3-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid", "type": "iupac", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "(S-(R*,R*))-4-(2-(2-CARBOXY-5-(.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYLOXY)-2,3-DIHYDRO-6-HYDROXY-1H-INDOL-1-YL)VINYL)-2,3-DIHYDROPYRIDINE-2,6-DICARBOXYLIC ACID", "type": "iupac", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "(S-(R*,R*))-4-(2-(2-Carboxy-5-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-1H-indol-1-yl)vinyl)-2,3-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid", "type": "iupac", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "(S-(R*,R*-(E,E)))-2-CARBOXY-1-((2,6-DICARBOXY-2,3-DIHYDRO-4(1H)-PYRIDINYLIDENE ETHYLIDENE)-5-(.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYLOXY)-2,3-DIHYDRO-6-HYDROXY-1H-INDOLIUM HYDROXIDE, INNER SALT", "type": "iupac", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "(S-(R*,R*-(E,E)))-2-Carboxy-1-((2,6-dicarboxy-2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-pyridinylidene)ethylidene)-5-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-1H-indolium hydroxide, inner salt", "type": "iupac", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "2,6-PYRIDINEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, 4-(2-(2-CARBOXY-5-(.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYLOXY)-2,3-DIHYDRO-6-HYDROXY-1H-INDOL-1-YL)ETHENYL)-2,3-DIHYDRO-, (S-(R*,R*))-", "type": "iupac", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "2,6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 4-(2-(2-carboxy-5-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-1H-indol-1-yl)ethenyl)-2,3-dihydro-, (S-(R*,R*))-", "type": "iupac", "source": "pubchem" } ], "hazard_reference_values": [], "sources": [ { "key": "gsfa", "name": "Codex General Standard for Food Additives (CXS 192-1995)", "publisher": "Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO)", "licence": "FAO terms — non-commercial use with attribution", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" } ], "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Beet red\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/beet-red. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.", "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.430Z" }