{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/brown-ht",
  "slug": "brown-ht",
  "name": "Brown HT",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": "E155",
    "ins_number": "155",
    "cas_number": "4553-89-3",
    "inchikey": null,
    "pubchem_cid": null
  },
  "functional_class": "Colour",
  "summary": "Brown HT is a synthetic brown azo dye used in the European Union, mainly in chocolate-flavoured baked goods where it substitutes for cocoa colour. It is not permitted in food in the United States.",
  "derivation_summary": "A bisazo dye synthesised from petroleum-derived aromatic intermediates.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "not_listed",
      "status_label": "Not listed",
      "note": "Does not appear on this jurisdiction’s permitted list. That is not the same as being prohibited.",
      "provision_count": 0,
      "provisions": []
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 30,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.1.4",
            "name": "Flavoured Fluid Milk Drinks"
          },
          "max_level": 150,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 52",
          "effective_from": "2017",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 01.1.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.6.1",
            "name": "Unripened cheese"
          },
          "max_level": 150,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 3, 201, XS221, XS262, XS273, XS275",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 01.6.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.7",
            "name": "Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt)"
          },
          "max_level": 150,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 01.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.4",
            "name": "Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7"
          },
          "max_level": 150,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 02.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.4",
            "name": "Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 267, 653, XS17, XS60, XS62, XS242, XS254, XS361",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 04.1.2.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.5",
            "name": ""
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS296",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 04.1.2.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.7",
            "name": "Candied fruit"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 04.1.2.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.9",
            "name": "Fruit-based desserts, incl. fruit-flavoured water-based desserts"
          },
          "max_level": 30,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 04.1.2.9",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.2",
            "name": "Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougats, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3, and 05.4"
          },
          "max_level": 50,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2019",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 05.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.3",
            "name": "Chewing gum"
          },
          "max_level": 300,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2019",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 05.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.4",
            "name": "Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit), and sweet sauces"
          },
          "max_level": 50,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2019",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 05.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.3",
            "name": "Breakfast cereals, including rolled oats"
          },
          "max_level": 30,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 06.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.5",
            "name": "Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding)"
          },
          "max_level": 30,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 06.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.2",
            "name": "Fine bakery wares (sweet, salty, savoury) and mixes"
          },
          "max_level": 50,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 07.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "08.4",
            "name": "Edible casings (e.g. sausage casings)"
          },
          "max_level": 290,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 365",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 08.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.2",
            "name": "Frozen battered fish, fish fillets and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": 240,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 41 & XS166",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 09.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.4.1",
            "name": "Cooked fish and fish products"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 95",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 09.2.4.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.4.3",
            "name": "Fried fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 16",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 09.2.4.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.3.3",
            "name": "Salmon substitutes, caviar and other fish roe products"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS291",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 09.3.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.4",
            "name": "Fully preserved, including canned or fermented fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": 290,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS3, XS37, XS70, XS90, XS94 & XS119",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 09.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.4",
            "name": "Mustards"
          },
          "max_level": 300,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 12.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.5",
            "name": "Soups and broths"
          },
          "max_level": 50,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 12.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.6",
            "name": "Sauces and like products"
          },
          "max_level": 500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 577 & XS302",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 12.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.6.2",
            "name": "Non-emulsified sauces (e.g. ketchup, cheese sauce, cream sauce, brown gravy)"
          },
          "max_level": 50,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 576",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 12.6.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.6",
            "name": "Food supplements"
          },
          "max_level": 300,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 539",
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 13.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "14.2.2",
            "name": "Cider and perry"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 14.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "14.2.4",
            "name": "Wines (other than grape)"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 14.2.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "14.2.7",
            "name": "Aromatized alcoholic beverages (e.g. beer, wine and spirituous cooler-type beverages, low-alcoholic refreshers)"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 14.2.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "15.1",
            "name": "Snacks - potato, cereal, flour or starch based (from roots and tubers, pulses and legumes)"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 15.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "15.2",
            "name": "Processed nuts, including coated nuts and nut mixtures (with e.g. dried fruit)"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 15.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "names": [
    {
      "name": "4553-89-3",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "BROWN HT",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "CI Food Brown 3",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "E 155",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "E155",
      "type": "e_number",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "155",
      "type": "ins",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Disodium;4-[(2E)-2-[(5E)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4, 6-dioxo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]hydrazinyl]naphthalene-1-sulfonate",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    }
  ],
  "hazard_reference_values": [
    {
      "type": "ADI",
      "value": 1.5,
      "value_text": null,
      "unit": "mg/kg bw/day",
      "population": "consumers",
      "assessing_body": "EFSA",
      "year": null,
      "opinion": null
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "key": "gsfa",
      "name": "Codex General Standard for Food Additives (CXS 192-1995)",
      "publisher": "Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO)",
      "licence": "FAO terms — non-commercial use with attribution",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
    }
  ],
  "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Brown HT\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/brown-ht. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.440Z"
}