{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/chlorophylls",
  "slug": "chlorophylls",
  "name": "Chlorophylls",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": "E140",
    "ins_number": "140",
    "cas_number": "1406-65-1",
    "inchikey": "KPJIJGZVAWIZMG-LEGXGVPYSA-P",
    "pubchem_cid": 156620228
  },
  "functional_class": "Colour",
  "summary": "Chlorophylls are the green pigments of plants, extracted for use as a food colour in confectionery, drinks, ice cream and sauces. They fade in acid and heat, which is why the copper complexes are often used instead.",
  "derivation_summary": "Extracted with solvents from edible plant material such as grass, alfalfa or nettle. The extract carries related pigments and plant waxes alongside the chlorophylls themselves.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "not_listed",
      "status_label": "Not listed",
      "note": "Does not appear on this jurisdiction’s permitted list. That is not the same as being prohibited.",
      "provision_count": 0,
      "provisions": []
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 8,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted",
          "food_category": null,
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "1999",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table Three, INS 140",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.2.2.7",
            "name": "Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1,"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS38, XS151, XS223 & XS294",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 140, food category 04.2.2.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.4.2",
            "name": "Dried pastas and noodles and like products"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 676",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 140, food category 06.4.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "08.1.1",
            "name": "Fresh meat, poultry and game, whole pieces or cuts"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 4",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 140, food category 08.1.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.2",
            "name": "Frozen battered fish, fish fillets and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 41 & XS166",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 140, food category 09.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.4.1",
            "name": "Cooked fish and fish products"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 95",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 140, food category 09.2.4.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.4.3",
            "name": "Fried fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 16",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 140, food category 09.2.4.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.5",
            "name": "Dietetic foods (e.g. supplementary foods for dietary use) excluding products of food categories"
          },
          "max_level": 20,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 140, food category 13.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "names": [
    {
      "name": "1406-65-1",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "00WNZ48OR9",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "479-61-8 (CHLOROPHYLL A); 519-62-0 (B)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CCRIS 9283",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chlorofolin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chlorofyl",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CHLOROPHYLL [MI]",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chlorophyllins",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "CHLOROPHYLLS",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chlorophylls: 215-800-7, chlorophyll a: 207-536-6, Chlorophyll b: 208-272-4",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CI 75815 (Natural Green 5)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "CI Natural Green 3",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "CI Natural Green 3Magnesium ChlorophyllMagnesium Phaeophytin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CI Natural Green 5",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Deodophyll",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "E 140(i)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "E 140(ii)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "L-Gruen No. 1",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Magnesium Chlorophyll",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Magnesium Phaeo phytin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "PIGMENTS, BIOLOGICAL, CHLOROPHYLLS",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Potassium Chloro phyllin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sodium Chlorophyllin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "tri-sodium chlorophyllin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "E140",
      "type": "e_number",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "140",
      "type": "ins",
      "source": "gsfa"
    }
  ],
  "hazard_reference_values": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "key": "gsfa",
      "name": "Codex General Standard for Food Additives (CXS 192-1995)",
      "publisher": "Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO)",
      "licence": "FAO terms — non-commercial use with attribution",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
    }
  ],
  "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Chlorophylls\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/chlorophylls. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.480Z"
}