{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/coumarin",
  "slug": "coumarin",
  "name": "Coumarin",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": null,
    "ins_number": null,
    "cas_number": "91-64-5",
    "inchikey": "ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N",
    "pubchem_cid": 323
  },
  "functional_class": null,
  "summary": "Coumarin is a sweet, hay-scented compound found naturally in tonka beans, cassia cinnamon and sweet clover. The FDA prohibited its use as an added food ingredient in the United States in 1954; it may still be present in food naturally, for example in cassia cinnamon.",
  "derivation_summary": "Occurs naturally in tonka beans and several plants, and can also be synthesised from salicylaldehyde. The prohibition applies to coumarin added to food, not to its natural presence in spices and other plant material.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "prohibited",
      "status_label": "Prohibited",
      "provision_count": 1,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "prohibited",
          "food_category": null,
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": null,
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": null,
          "citation": {
            "ref": "21 CFR 189.130",
            "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-189.130"
          },
          "source": "ecfr",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "not_listed",
      "status_label": "Not listed",
      "note": "Does not appear on this jurisdiction’s permitted list. That is not the same as being prohibited.",
      "provision_count": 0,
      "provisions": []
    }
  ],
  "names": [
    {
      "name": "103802-83-1",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "91-64-5",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "1,2-Benzopyrone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "1-benzopyran-2-one",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "2-Oxo-1,2-benzopyran",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2-Propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-, .delta.-lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2-Propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-, d-lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2-Propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-, delta-lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2-Propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-delta-lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2H-1-Benzopyran, 2-oxo-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2H-Benzo(b)pyran-2-one",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2H-Benzopyran-2-one",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2H-Chromen-2-one",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2h-chromene-2-one",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic delta-lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "5,6-Benzo-2-pyrone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "5,6-Benzo-alpha-pyrone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "a coumarin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Benzo-.alpha.-pyrone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Benzo-a-pyrone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Benzo-alpha-pyrone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "benzopyranone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "benzopyrylium olate",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "BRN 0383644",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CAS-91-64-5",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Caswell No. 259C",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CCRIS 181",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "chromen-2-one",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "chromen-one",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "chromenone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cinnamic acid, o-hydroxy-, delta-lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "cis-o-Coumaric acid anhydride",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "cis-o-Coumarinic acid lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "COU",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coumarin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coumarin (prohibited)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coumarin 1513",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coumarin CRS",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coumarin Phenolic",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coumarin, >=98%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "coumarin-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coumarine",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coumarinic anhydride",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coumarinic lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coumarinum",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "cumarin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 127301",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "HSDB 1623",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kumarin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lodema",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "NCI C07103",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "o-Coumaric acid lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "o-hydroxycinnamic acid delta-lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "o-Hydroxycinnamic acid lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "o-Hydroxycinnamic lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "o-Hydroxyzimtsaure-lacton",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rattex",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tonka bean camphor",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "chromen-2-one",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coumarin",
      "type": "label",
      "source": "ecfr"
    }
  ],
  "hazard_reference_values": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "key": "ecfr",
      "name": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21",
      "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office / National Archives",
      "licence": "Public domain",
      "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-31/title-21.xml",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
    }
  ],
  "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Coumarin\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/coumarin. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.488Z"
}