{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/diacetyl",
  "slug": "diacetyl",
  "name": "Diacetyl",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": null,
    "ins_number": null,
    "cas_number": "431-03-8",
    "inchikey": "QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N",
    "pubchem_cid": 650
  },
  "functional_class": null,
  "summary": "Diacetyl is the compound that smells of butter. It forms naturally in butter, cultured cream and beer, and is added as a flavouring — most famously to butter-flavoured popcorn.",
  "derivation_summary": "Produced by fermentation or chemical synthesis, and present naturally in cultured dairy products. The occupational lung disease found in flavouring plant workers came from inhaling the vapour at industrial concentrations; it is a workplace air question rather than one about eating the food.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "permitted",
      "status_label": "Permitted",
      "provision_count": 1,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted",
          "food_category": null,
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": null,
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": null,
          "citation": {
            "ref": "21 CFR 184.1278",
            "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-184.1278"
          },
          "source": "ecfr",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "not_listed",
      "status_label": "Not listed",
      "note": "Does not appear on this jurisdiction’s permitted list. That is not the same as being prohibited.",
      "provision_count": 0,
      "provisions": []
    }
  ],
  "names": [
    {
      "name": "1173018-75-1",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "431-03-8",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "ecfr"
    },
    {
      "name": "2,3 butandione",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2,3 Butanedione",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "2,3-Butadione",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2,3-butandione",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2,3-Butanedione",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "2,3-Butanedione (8CI,9CI)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2,3-Butanedione, 97%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2,3-Butanedione, analytical standard",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2,3-Butanedione-13C2",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2,3-diketobutane",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2,3-dioxobutane",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "4-01-00-03644 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Biacetyl",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Biacetyl; BDM",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "BRN 0605398",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "BUO",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Buta-2,3-dione",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "butadione",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Butan-2,3-dione",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "butane 2",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "butane-2",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Butane-2,3-dione",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Butanedione",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CAS-431-03-8",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CCRIS 827",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Diacetyl",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Diacetyl (natural)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Diacetyl 1000 microg/mL in Methanol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Diacetyl, natural, >=95%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Diketobutane",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "dimethyl diketone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dimethyl glyoxal",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "dimethylglyoxal",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "FEMA No. 2370",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Glyoxal, dimethyl-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "HSDB 297",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "InChI=1/C4H6O2/c1-3(5)4(2)6/h1-2H",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "WLN: 1VV1",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "butane-2,3-dione",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Diacetyl",
      "type": "label",
      "source": "ecfr"
    }
  ],
  "hazard_reference_values": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "key": "ecfr",
      "name": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21",
      "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office / National Archives",
      "licence": "Public domain",
      "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-31/title-21.xml",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
    }
  ],
  "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Diacetyl\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/diacetyl. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.500Z"
}