{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/erythorbic-acid",
  "slug": "erythorbic-acid",
  "name": "Erythorbic acid",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": "E315",
    "ins_number": "315",
    "cas_number": "89-65-6",
    "inchikey": "CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-DUZGATOHSA-N",
    "pubchem_cid": 54675810
  },
  "functional_class": "Antioxidant",
  "summary": "Erythorbic acid is a stereoisomer of vitamin C with the same antioxidant power but almost none of the vitamin activity. It is used in cured meats and canned goods where the antioxidant effect is what is wanted.",
  "derivation_summary": "Produced by fermenting glucose with Penicillium moulds. It is chemically the mirror-image relative of ascorbic acid, which is why the body does not recognise it as a vitamin.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "permitted",
      "status_label": "Permitted",
      "provision_count": 1,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted",
          "food_category": null,
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": null,
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": null,
          "citation": {
            "ref": "21 CFR 182.3041",
            "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-182.3041"
          },
          "source": "ecfr",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 6,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted",
          "food_category": null,
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "1999",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table Three, INS 315",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "08.1.2",
            "name": "Fresh meat, poultry and game, comminuted"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 281",
          "effective_from": "2014",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 315, food category 08.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.1.2",
            "name": "Fresh molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 390, XS312 & XS315",
          "effective_from": "2017",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 315, food category 09.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.1",
            "name": "Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 308, 392, XS36, XS92, XS95, XS165, XS190, XS191, XS312 & XS315",
          "effective_from": "2017",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 315, food category 09.2.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.2",
            "name": "Frozen battered fish, fish fillets and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 139 & XS166",
          "effective_from": "2017",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 315, food category 09.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "14.2.3",
            "name": "Grape wines"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 517",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 315, food category 14.2.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "names": [
    {
      "name": "89-65-6",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "(2R)-2-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2H-furan-5-one",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "(5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "(5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "(R)-5-((R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2,3-Didehydro-D-erythro-hexono-1,4-lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3-Keto-D-erythro-hexonic acid gamma-lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3-Oxohexonic acid lactone, D-erythro-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "5-18-05-00026 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Araboascorbic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Araboascorbic acid, D-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ascorbic Acid EP Impurity F",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "BRN 0084271",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CAS-89-65-6",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CCRIS 6568",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "d(-)-isoascorbic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D(-)-Isoascorbic Acid (Erythorbic Acid)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D(-?)?-?Isoascorbic Acid (Erythorbic Acid)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-(-)-Isoascorbic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-(-)-Isoascorbic acid, 98%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-arabino-Ascorbic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-Araboascorbic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-ASCORBIC ACID, ISO",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-Erythorbic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-erythro-3-Ketohexonic acid lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-erythro-3-Oxohexonic acid lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-erythro-ascorbic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-erythro-hex-2-enoic acid ?-lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-erythro-hex-2-enonic acid gamma-lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-erythro-Hex-2-enonic acid, g-lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-erythro-Hex-2-enonic acid, |A-lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-erythro-hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "d-iso-ascorbic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-Isoascorbic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-Isoascorbic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-soascorbic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "E 315",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Erycorbin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Erythorbic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "ERYTHORBIC ACID (ISOASCORBIC ACID)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Erythorbic acid (Standard)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Erythorbic acid, 99%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "erythroascorbic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Erythroascorbic acid, D-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "FEMA No. 2410",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "FEMA Number: 2410",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Glucosaccharonic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hex-2-enonic acid gamma-lactone, D-erythro-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "HSDB 584",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "INS NO.315",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "INS-315",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Isoascorbic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "ISOASCORBIC-ACID",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Isovitamin C",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mercate 5",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Neo-cebicure",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Saccharosonic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sodium Ascorbate EP Impurity F",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "E315",
      "type": "e_number",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "315",
      "type": "ins",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "(5R)-5-((1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one;D-erythro-hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "(5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "(5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-Dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one (D-Isoascorbic Acid)",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "(5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-Dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one (D-Isoascorbic Acid); Ascorbic Acid Impurity F; Sodium Ascorbate Impurity F",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Erythorbic acid",
      "type": "label",
      "source": "ecfr"
    }
  ],
  "hazard_reference_values": [
    {
      "type": "ADI",
      "value": 6,
      "value_text": null,
      "unit": "mg/kg bw/day",
      "population": "consumers",
      "assessing_body": "EFSA ANS",
      "year": 2015,
      "opinion": {
        "ref": "doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4360",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4360"
      }
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "key": "ecfr",
      "name": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21",
      "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office / National Archives",
      "licence": "Public domain",
      "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-31/title-21.xml",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
    },
    {
      "key": "gsfa",
      "name": "Codex General Standard for Food Additives (CXS 192-1995)",
      "publisher": "Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO)",
      "licence": "FAO terms — non-commercial use with attribution",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
    }
  ],
  "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Erythorbic acid\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/erythorbic-acid. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.524Z"
}