{ "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json", "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/ethyl-maltol", "slug": "ethyl-maltol", "name": "Ethyl maltol", "identifiers": { "e_number": null, "ins_number": "637", "cas_number": "4940-11-8", "inchikey": "YIKYNHJUKRTCJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N", "pubchem_cid": 21059 }, "functional_class": "Flavour enhancer", "summary": "Ethyl maltol is maltol's stronger sibling — several times more potent, with a caramel and candyfloss character. Unlike maltol it does not occur in nature at all.", "derivation_summary": "Produced by chemical synthesis. It has no natural source, so it cannot be declared a natural flavour anywhere.", "regulatory_status": [ { "jurisdiction": "US", "jurisdiction_name": "United States", "authority": "Food and Drug Administration", "status": "not_listed", "status_label": "Not listed", "note": "Does not appear on this jurisdiction’s permitted list. That is not the same as being prohibited.", "provision_count": 0, "provisions": [] }, { "jurisdiction": "CODEX", "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius", "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA", "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions", "provision_count": 5, "provisions": [ { "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "food_category": { "system": "codex", "code": "01.1.4", "name": "Flavoured Fluid Milk Drinks" }, "max_level": null, "max_level_unit": "GMP", "conditions": "GSFA notes: 634", "effective_from": "2024", "citation": { "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 637, food category 01.1.4", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" }, "source": "gsfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" }, { "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "food_category": { "system": "codex", "code": "01.7", "name": "Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt)" }, "max_level": 200, "max_level_unit": "mg/kg", "conditions": "GSFA notes: 616", "effective_from": "2024", "citation": { "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 637, food category 01.7", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" }, "source": "gsfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" }, { "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "food_category": { "system": "codex", "code": "03.0", "name": "Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet" }, "max_level": 200, "max_level_unit": "mg/kg", "conditions": null, "effective_from": "2016", "citation": { "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 637, food category 03.0", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" }, "source": "gsfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" }, { "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "food_category": { "system": "codex", "code": "05.2", "name": "Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougats, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3, and 05.4" }, "max_level": 1000, "max_level_unit": "mg/kg", "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS309R", "effective_from": "2017", "citation": { "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 637, food category 05.2", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" }, "source": "gsfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" }, { "status": "permitted_with_conditions", "food_category": { "system": "codex", "code": "05.3", "name": "Chewing gum" }, "max_level": 1000, "max_level_unit": "mg/kg", "conditions": null, "effective_from": "2017", "citation": { "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 637, food category 05.3", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/" }, "source": "gsfa", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" } ] } ], "names": [ { "name": "4940-11-8", "type": "cas", "source": "openfoodtox" }, { "name": "2-Ethyl pyromeconic acid", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "2-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "2-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "2-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one, 99%", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "2-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one; Ethyl maltol", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "2-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-pyran-4-one", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "2-Ethylpyromeconic acid", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "3-Hydroxy-2-ethyl-.gamma.-pyrone", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "3-Hydroxy-2-ethyl-1,4-pyrone", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "3-Hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrone", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "3-Hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrone11/8/40", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "3-Hydroxy-2-ethyl-4H-pyran-4-one", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "3-Hydroxy-2-ethyl-gamma-pyrone", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "3-Hydroxy-2-ethyl-laquo gammaRaquo -pyrone", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "4H-PYRAN-4-ONE, 2-ETHYL-3-HYDROXY-", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "5-18-01-00135 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "6-ethyl-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "BRN 1618110", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "Ethyl Hydroxypyrone", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "ETHYL MALTOL", "type": "common", "source": "gsfa" }, { "name": "Ethyl maltol (Standard)", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "Ethyl maltol Solution in Methanol, 1000ug/mL", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "Ethyl maltol Solution in Methanol, 100ug/mL", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "Ethyl maltol, >=99%, FCC, FG", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "Ethyl maltol, analytical standard", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "Ethyl maltol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "Ethyl maltol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "Ethylmaltol", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "FEMA 3487", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "FEMA No. 3487", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "INS NO.637", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "INS-637", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "Maltol-ethyl", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "Veltol plus", "type": "common", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "E637", "type": "e_number", "source": "pubchem" }, { "name": "637", "type": "ins", "source": "gsfa" }, { "name": "2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one", "type": "iupac", "source": "openfoodtox" } ], "hazard_reference_values": [], "sources": [ { "key": "gsfa", "name": "Codex General Standard for Food Additives (CXS 192-1995)", "publisher": "Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO)", "licence": "FAO terms — non-commercial use with attribution", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/", "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z" } ], "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Ethyl maltol\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/ethyl-maltol. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.", "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.527Z" }