{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/fd-and-c-red-no-3",
  "slug": "fd-and-c-red-no-3",
  "name": "FD&C Red No. 3",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": "E127",
    "ins_number": "127",
    "cas_number": "2611-82-7",
    "inchikey": "IVKWXPBUMQZFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-L",
    "pubchem_cid": 166534
  },
  "functional_class": "Colour",
  "summary": "FD&C Red No. 3, known internationally as erythrosine, is a synthetic cherry-pink dye used in confectionery, glacé cherries and baked goods. In January 2025 the FDA revoked its authorisation for use in food and ingested drugs.",
  "derivation_summary": "An iodinated xanthene dye, made by adding iodine to fluorescein, itself synthesised from petroleum-derived phthalic anhydride and resorcinol. No animal-derived material is involved.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 1,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": null,
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": null,
          "conditions": "Subject to batch certification by FDA.",
          "effective_from": null,
          "citation": {
            "ref": "21 CFR 74.303",
            "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-74.303"
          },
          "source": "ecfr",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 8,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.4",
            "name": "Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 678, XS17, XS60, XS62, XS254, XS319 & XS361",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 127, food category 04.1.2.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.7",
            "name": "Candied fruit"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 54",
          "effective_from": "2005",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 127, food category 04.1.2.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.2.2.7",
            "name": "Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1,"
          },
          "max_level": 30,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS294",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 127, food category 04.2.2.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.3",
            "name": "Chewing gum"
          },
          "max_level": 50,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2011",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 127, food category 05.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.4",
            "name": "Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit), and sweet sauces"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2011",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 127, food category 05.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "08.2",
            "name": "Processed meat, poultry, and game products in whole pieces or cuts"
          },
          "max_level": 30,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 4, 16, XS96, XS97 & XS350R",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 127, food category 08.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "08.3",
            "name": "Processed comminuted meat, poultry, and game products"
          },
          "max_level": 30,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 4, 290 & XS88",
          "effective_from": "2014",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 127, food category 08.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.6.2",
            "name": "Non-emulsified sauces (e.g. ketchup, cheese sauce, cream sauce, brown gravy)"
          },
          "max_level": 50,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 576",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 127, food category 12.6.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "names": [
    {
      "name": "16423-68-0",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "2611-82-7",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "49746-10-3",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2',4',5',7'-Tetraiodofluorescein disodium salt",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2',4',5',7'-Tetraiodofluorescein disodium salt monohydrate",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "9- (O- CARBOXYPHENYL)-6-HYDROXY - 2,4,5,7-TETRAIODO- MONOHYDRATE",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "9-(O-CARBOXYPHENYL)-6-HYDROXY-2,4,5,7-TETRAIODO-MONOHYDRATE",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Acid Brilliant Scarlet 3R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Acid Ponceau 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Acid red 18",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Acid red 51",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Acid Scarlet 3R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Acid Scarlet 3RZ",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Acid Scarlet 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Acilan Scarlet V3R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "AKA3",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Atul Acid Scarlet 3R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Atul Scarlet F",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brilliant Ponceau 3R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brilliant Ponceau 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brilliant Ponceau 5R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brilliant Scarlet",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brilliant Scarlet 3R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brilliant Scarlet 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "C.I. Acid Red 18",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "C.I. Acid Red 18 (VAN)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "C.I. Acid Red 18, Trisodium Salt",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "C.I. Acid Red 28",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Certicol Ponceau 4RS",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CI Food Red 14",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cilefa Ponceau 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coccin Red",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Coccine",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cochineal Red 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cochineal Red A",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Colacid Ponceau 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Curol Bright Red 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "disodium 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoate",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Disodium 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoate",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "disodium;2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoate;hydrate",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "DYE FDC RED #3 [VANDF]",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "E 127",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Edicol Supra Ponceau 4RS",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Edicol Supra Ponceaux 4 RS",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Erythrosin extra bluish",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "ERYTHROSINE (MART.)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "ERYTHROSINE [MART.]",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Erythrosine B",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "ERYTHROSINE SODIUM (USP IMPURITY)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Erythrosine sodium (USP XXII)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "ERYTHROSINE SODIUM [USP IMPURITY]",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Erythrosine sodium hydrate",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "ERYTHROSINE, SODIUM MONOHYDRATE",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "F D & C RED #3 [VANDF]",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "F D & C RED #3 ALUMINUM LAKE [VANDF]",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "F D & C RED NO. 3",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "FD&C RED NO. 3 (II)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "FD&C RED NO. 3 [FCC]",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Fenazo Scarlet 3R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Food Red 102",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Food Red 7",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Food Red No. 102",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Food Red Number 102",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "HD Ponceau 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hexacol Ponceau 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "INS NO.127",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "INS-127",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Iodoeosin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "IVKWXPBUMQZFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-L",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "JAPAN RED 3",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Java Scarlet 3R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kiton Scarlet 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Naphthalene Ink Scarlet 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Neklacid Red 3R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Neklacid Red 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Neucoccin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "New Coccin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "New coccine",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "PN2ZH5LOQY",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ponceau 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ponceau 4R, Cochineal Red A",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ponceau 4RC",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ponceau 4RE",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ponceau 4RE.FQ",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ponceau 4RF",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ponceau 4RT",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pontacyl Scarlet RR",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Purple Red",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "RED 1799",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "RED 3",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Red No. 3",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Revelplac (TN)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Scarlet 4R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Scarlet 4RA",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Schultz Nr. 213",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Strawberry Red",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "SX Purple",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Victoria Scarlet 3R",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Victoria Scarlet Red",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "YELLOW NO. 201",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "E127",
      "type": "e_number",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "127",
      "type": "ins",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Disodium 2',4',5',7'-tetraiodo-3-oxospiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3',6'-diolate",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sodium 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoate--water (2/1/1)",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one, 3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodo-, disodium salt, monohydrate",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-one,3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodo-, sodium salt, hydrate (1:2:1)",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trisodium (8Z)-7-oxo-8-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazinylidene]naphthalene-1,3-disulfonate",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "FD&C Red No. 3",
      "type": "label",
      "source": "ecfr"
    }
  ],
  "hazard_reference_values": [
    {
      "type": "ADI",
      "value": 0.1,
      "value_text": null,
      "unit": "mg/kg bw/day",
      "population": "consumers",
      "assessing_body": "EFSA FEEDAP",
      "year": 2011,
      "opinion": {
        "ref": "doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2447",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2447"
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "ADI",
      "value": 0.1,
      "value_text": null,
      "unit": "mg/kg bw/day",
      "population": "consumers",
      "assessing_body": "EFSA",
      "year": null,
      "opinion": null
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "key": "ecfr",
      "name": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21",
      "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office / National Archives",
      "licence": "Public domain",
      "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-31/title-21.xml",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
    },
    {
      "key": "gsfa",
      "name": "Codex General Standard for Food Additives (CXS 192-1995)",
      "publisher": "Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO)",
      "licence": "FAO terms — non-commercial use with attribution",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
    }
  ],
  "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"FD&C Red No. 3\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/fd-and-c-red-no-3. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.531Z"
}