{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/grape-skin-extract",
  "slug": "grape-skin-extract",
  "name": "Grape skin extract",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": null,
    "ins_number": "163(ii)",
    "cas_number": null,
    "inchikey": null,
    "pubchem_cid": null
  },
  "functional_class": "Colour",
  "summary": "Grape skin extract, or enocyanin, is a red to purple anthocyanin colour from winemaking residue. Its shade depends on acidity, so it is used chiefly in acidic drinks and confectionery where it stays red.",
  "derivation_summary": "Extracted from the skins left after pressing grapes for wine.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "not_listed",
      "status_label": "Not listed",
      "note": "Does not appear on this jurisdiction’s permitted list. That is not the same as being prohibited.",
      "provision_count": 0,
      "provisions": []
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 67,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.1.4",
            "name": "Flavoured Fluid Milk Drinks"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 52, 181",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 01.1.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.4.4",
            "name": "Cream analogues"
          },
          "max_level": 150,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181 & 201",
          "effective_from": "2011",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 01.4.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.5.2",
            "name": "Milk and cream powder analogues"
          },
          "max_level": 150,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181, 201 & XS251",
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 01.5.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.6.2.2",
            "name": "Rind of ripened cheese"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2009",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 01.6.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.6.4.2",
            "name": "Flavoured processed cheese, including containing fruit, vegetables, meat, etc."
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2009",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 01.6.4.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.6.5",
            "name": "Cheese analogues"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2009",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 01.6.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.7",
            "name": "Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt)"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181 & 402",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 01.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.4",
            "name": "Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181",
          "effective_from": "2009",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 02.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "03.0",
            "name": "Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181",
          "effective_from": "2011",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 03.0",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.10",
            "name": "Fermented fruit products"
          },
          "max_level": 500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 04.1.2.10",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.11",
            "name": "Fruit fillings for pastries"
          },
          "max_level": 500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 04.1.2.11",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.3",
            "name": "Fruit in vinegar, oil, or brine"
          },
          "max_level": 1500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 672",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 04.1.2.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.4",
            "name": "Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit"
          },
          "max_level": 1500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181 & 267",
          "effective_from": "2018",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 04.1.2.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.5",
            "name": ""
          },
          "max_level": 500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 04.1.2.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.6",
            "name": "Fruit-based spreads (e.g. chutney) excluding products of food category"
          },
          "max_level": 500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181 & XS160",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 04.1.2.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.7",
            "name": "Candied fruit"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2011",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 04.1.2.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.8",
            "name": "Fruit preparations, including pulp, purees, fruit toppings and coconut milk"
          },
          "max_level": 500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 179, 181, 182 & XS314R",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 04.1.2.8",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.9",
            "name": "Fruit-based desserts, incl. fruit-flavoured water-based desserts"
          },
          "max_level": 500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 04.1.2.9",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.2.2.3",
            "name": "Vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), and seaweeds in vinegar, oil, brine, or soybean sauce"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 179, 181 & XS66",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 04.2.2.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.2.2.5",
            "name": "Vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweed, and nut and seed purees and spreads (e.g. peanut butter)"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 179, 181 & XS57",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 04.2.2.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.2.2.6",
            "name": "Vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweed, and nut and seed pulps and preparations (e.g. vegetable desserts and sauces, candied vegetables) other than food category 04.2.2.5"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 92, 181, XS57, XS259R & XS308R",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 04.2.2.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.2.2.7",
            "name": "Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1,"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181, XS38, XS151, XS223 & XS294",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 04.2.2.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.1.3",
            "name": "Cocoa-based spreads, incl. fillings"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181 & XS86",
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 05.1.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.1.4",
            "name": "Cocoa and chocolate products"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181 & 183",
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 05.1.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.1.5",
            "name": "Imitation chocolate, chocolate substitute products"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181",
          "effective_from": "2009",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 05.1.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.2.2",
            "name": "Soft candy"
          },
          "max_level": 1700,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181 & XS309R",
          "effective_from": "2017",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 05.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.3",
            "name": "Chewing gum"
          },
          "max_level": 500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181",
          "effective_from": "2009",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 05.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.4",
            "name": "Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit), and sweet sauces"
          },
          "max_level": 500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181",
          "effective_from": "2009",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 05.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.3",
            "name": "Breakfast cereals, including rolled oats"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2010",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 06.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.5",
            "name": "Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding)"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181",
          "effective_from": "2011",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 06.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.1.2",
            "name": "Crackers, excluding sweet crackers"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181",
          "effective_from": "2011",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 07.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
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            "name": "Cider and perry"
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            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 14.2.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
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            "code": "15.1",
            "name": "Snacks - potato, cereal, flour or starch based (from roots and tubers, pulses and legumes)"
          },
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          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181",
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            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
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          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "15.2",
            "name": "Processed nuts, including coated nuts and nut mixtures (with e.g. dried fruit)"
          },
          "max_level": 300,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 181",
          "effective_from": "2009",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 15.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "15.3",
            "name": "Snacks - fish based"
          },
          "max_level": 400,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2011",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 15.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "names": [
    {
      "name": "GRAPE SKIN EXTRACT",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "GSKE",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "163(ii)",
      "type": "ins",
      "source": "gsfa"
    }
  ],
  "hazard_reference_values": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "key": "gsfa",
      "name": "Codex General Standard for Food Additives (CXS 192-1995)",
      "publisher": "Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO)",
      "licence": "FAO terms — non-commercial use with attribution",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
    }
  ],
  "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Grape skin extract\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/grape-skin-extract. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.554Z"
}