{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/lactic-acid",
  "slug": "lactic-acid",
  "name": "Lactic acid",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": "E270",
    "ins_number": "270",
    "cas_number": null,
    "inchikey": "JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N",
    "pubchem_cid": 612
  },
  "functional_class": "Acidity regulator",
  "summary": "Lactic acid is an acidity regulator and preservative used in drinks, confectionery, dressings, cured meats and bread. Despite the name it is not made from milk and is not a dairy ingredient.",
  "derivation_summary": "Produced by fermenting sugars from maize, beet or cane with lactic acid bacteria. The name comes from its discovery in soured milk, not from its manufacture, and commercial lactic acid contains no dairy material.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "permitted",
      "status_label": "Permitted",
      "provision_count": 1,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted",
          "food_category": null,
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": null,
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": null,
          "citation": {
            "ref": "21 CFR 184.1061",
            "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-184.1061"
          },
          "source": "ecfr",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 19,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted",
          "food_category": null,
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "1999",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table Three, INS 270",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.2.1.2",
            "name": "Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 630",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 01.2.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.4.1",
            "name": "Pasteurized cream (plain)"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 12",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 01.4.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.4.2",
            "name": "Sterilized and UHT creams, whipping and whipped creams, and reduced fat creams (plain)"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2013",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 01.4.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.6.6",
            "name": "Whey protein cheese"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2006",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 01.6.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.2.1.1",
            "name": "Untreated fresh vegetables, (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes (including soybeans), and aloe vera), seaweeds and nuts and seeds"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 262, 264, XS40R, XS304R, XS324R, XS335R & XS336R",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 04.2.1.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.2.2.1",
            "name": "Frozen vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweeds and nuts and seeds"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 262, 264 & XS320",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 04.2.2.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.2.2.7",
            "name": "Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1,"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 04.2.2.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.4.1",
            "name": "Fresh pastas and noodles and like products"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2013",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 06.4.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.4.2",
            "name": "Dried pastas and noodles and like products"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 256",
          "effective_from": "2013",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 06.4.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.5",
            "name": "Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 382, XS167, XS189, XS222, XS236 & XS244",
          "effective_from": "2018",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 09.2.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "10.2.1",
            "name": "Liquid egg products"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2013",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 10.2.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "10.2.2",
            "name": "Frozen egg products"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2013",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 10.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.1.2",
            "name": "Salt substitutes"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2013",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 12.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.1.1",
            "name": "Infant formulae"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 83 & 551",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 13.1.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.1.2",
            "name": "Follow-up formulae"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 83 & 551",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 13.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.1.3",
            "name": "Formulae for special medical purposes for infants"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 83 & 551",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 13.1.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.2",
            "name": "Complementary foods for infants and young children"
          },
          "max_level": 2000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 83 & 238",
          "effective_from": "2013",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 13.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "14.2.3",
            "name": "Grape wines"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 517",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 270, food category 14.2.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "names": [
    {
      "name": "50-21-5",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "598-82-3",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "79-33-4",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "(+-)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "(2RS)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "(RS)-2-Hydroxypropionsaeure",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2 Hydroxypropanoic Acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2-hydroxypropanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2-hydroxypropionic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Acidum lacticum",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aethylidenmilchsaeure",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "alpha-Hydroxypropanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aura Teat Scrubber",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CD2 Activator",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CD2-FB Activator",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CD2-HD Activator",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CD2-LV Activator",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cheongin Haejanghwan",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cheongin Haewoohwan",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cheongin Samrakhwan",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chloroxide A",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cover All Part A",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cover II Part A",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D Lactic Acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dermaplex",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dermaplex Pre-Post",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "DL-Lactic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "E 270",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Encore Pre/Post",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ethylidenelactic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "ExfoliatingGel",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "FEMA No. 2611",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "HIPURE 88",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "INS NO.270",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "INS-270",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kyselina mlecna",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lactate",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lactate, Ammonium",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lactic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lactic acid USP",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lactic acid, dl",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lactic acid, dl-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lactic acid, L-, D- and DL-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lactic acid,buffered",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "LacticPlus",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lacticum acidum",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lactovagan",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lurex",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Milchsaeure",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Milchsaure",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Milk acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ordinary lactic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Primary aliphatic saturated or unsaturated alcohols/aldehydes/acids/acetals/esters with a second primary, secondary or tertiary oxygenated functional group including aliphatic lactones",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pro-San Activator",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionic acid, 2-hydroxy-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Purac FCC 80",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Purac FCC 88",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Racemic lactic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Soft-San",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Synofilm",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Synoshield",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tonsillosan",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "E270",
      "type": "e_number",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "270",
      "type": "ins",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "2-Hydroxypropanoic acid",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lactic acid",
      "type": "label",
      "source": "ecfr"
    }
  ],
  "hazard_reference_values": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "key": "ecfr",
      "name": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21",
      "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office / National Archives",
      "licence": "Public domain",
      "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-31/title-21.xml",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
    },
    {
      "key": "gsfa",
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  "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Lactic acid\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/lactic-acid. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.",
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}