{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/mannitol",
  "slug": "mannitol",
  "name": "Mannitol",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": null,
    "ins_number": "421",
    "cas_number": null,
    "inchikey": "FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N",
    "pubchem_cid": 6251
  },
  "functional_class": "Sweetener",
  "summary": "Mannitol is a sugar alcohol roughly half as sweet as sugar, used in sugar-free confectionery and as a dusting powder for chewing gum because it absorbs very little moisture.",
  "derivation_summary": "Made by hydrogenating fructose or glucose syrups, and also obtained from seaweed and from the exudate of the manna ash, which is where the name comes from.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "not_listed",
      "status_label": "Not listed",
      "note": "Does not appear on this jurisdiction’s permitted list. That is not the same as being prohibited.",
      "provision_count": 0,
      "provisions": []
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 19,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted",
          "food_category": null,
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "1999",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table Three, INS 421",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.2.2",
            "name": "Renneted milk (plain)"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2013",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 01.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.4.2",
            "name": "Dried pastas and noodles and like products"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 256",
          "effective_from": "2014",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 06.4.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "08.1.1",
            "name": "Fresh meat, poultry and game, whole pieces or cuts"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 16 & 326",
          "effective_from": "2015",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 08.1.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "08.1.2",
            "name": "Fresh meat, poultry and game, comminuted"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 281",
          "effective_from": "2015",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 08.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.1",
            "name": "Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS36, XS92, XS95, XS165, XS190, XS191, XS292, XS312 & XS315",
          "effective_from": "2017",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 09.2.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.2",
            "name": "Frozen battered fish, fish fillets and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS166",
          "effective_from": "2017",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 09.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.3",
            "name": "Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2014",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 09.2.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.4.1",
            "name": "Cooked fish and fish products"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 241",
          "effective_from": "2015",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 09.2.4.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.4.3",
            "name": "Fried fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 41",
          "effective_from": "2015",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 09.2.4.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.5",
            "name": "Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 300, XS167, XS189, XS222, XS236, XS244 & XS311",
          "effective_from": "2018",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 09.2.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "10.2.2",
            "name": "Frozen egg products"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2014",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 10.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "11.4",
            "name": "Other sugars and syrups (e.g. xylose, maple syrup, sugar toppings)"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 258",
          "effective_from": "2014",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 11.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.1.2",
            "name": "Salt substitutes"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2014",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 12.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.2.1",
            "name": "Herbs and spices"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 534, XS326 & XS351",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 12.2.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.1.1",
            "name": "Infant formulae"
          },
          "max_level": 10,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 589 & 551",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 13.1.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.1.2",
            "name": "Follow-up formulae"
          },
          "max_level": 10,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 589 & 551",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 13.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.1.3",
            "name": "Formulae for special medical purposes for infants"
          },
          "max_level": 10,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 589 & 551",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 13.1.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.2",
            "name": "Complementary foods for infants and young children"
          },
          "max_level": 10,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 305",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 421, food category 13.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "names": [
    {
      "name": "69-65-8",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "87-78-5",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "(2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "(2R,3R,4R,5R)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3OWL53L36A",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aridol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aridol Bronchial Challenge Test Kit",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "ARIDOL KIT",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bronchitol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cordycepic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CURESTEM CELL HEALER C20",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-(-)-Mannitol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "D-mannitol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Diosmol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "DL-Mannitol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "GD11 Rx SCM C5",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "INS NO.421",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "INS-421",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Invenex",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Isotol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "manita",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maniton-S",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Manna sugar",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannazucker",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannidex",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannigen",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannistol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannit",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannite",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "MANNITOL",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannitol (USP)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannitol 10%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannitol 10% In Plastic Container",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "MANNITOL 10% W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN DISTILLED WATER",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannitol 15%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannitol 15% In Plastic Container",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "MANNITOL 15% W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannitol 20%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannitol 20% In Plastic Container",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "MANNITOL 25%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannitol 5%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannitol 5% In Plastic Container",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "MANNITOL 5% W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.12%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannitol, D-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannitolum",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mannogem 2080",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marine Crystal",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Osmitrol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Osmitrol 10% In Water",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "OSMITROL 10% IN WATER IN PLASTIC CONTAINER",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Osmitrol 15% In Water",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "OSMITROL 15% IN WATER IN PLASTIC CONTAINER",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Osmitrol 20% In Water",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "OSMITROL 20% IN WATER IN PLASTIC CONTAINER",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Osmitrol 5% In Water",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "OSMITROL 5% IN WATER IN PLASTIC CONTAINER",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Osmosal",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Resectisol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Resectisol In Plastic Container",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "E421",
      "type": "e_number",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "421",
      "type": "ins",
      "source": "gsfa"
    }
  ],
  "hazard_reference_values": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "key": "gsfa",
      "name": "Codex General Standard for Food Additives (CXS 192-1995)",
      "publisher": "Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO)",
      "licence": "FAO terms — non-commercial use with attribution",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
    }
  ],
  "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Mannitol\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/mannitol. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.592Z"
}