{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/nisin-preparation",
  "slug": "nisin-preparation",
  "name": "Nisin preparation",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": "E234",
    "ins_number": "234(i)",
    "cas_number": "1414-45-5",
    "inchikey": "NVNLLIYOARQCIX-GSJOZIGCSA-N",
    "pubchem_cid": 16129667
  },
  "functional_class": "Preservative",
  "summary": "Nisin is an antibacterial peptide made by a bacterium, used in processed cheese, canned foods and some dairy products. It is one of very few antibiotics permitted in food, and is effective against the spore-forming bacteria heat alone may not kill.",
  "derivation_summary": "Produced by fermenting Lactococcus lactis, traditionally on a milk-based medium, and then concentrated. That fermentation substrate is why nisin preparations are not necessarily suitable for a dairy-free or vegan diet, and it is not usually declared.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "permitted",
      "status_label": "Permitted",
      "provision_count": 1,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted",
          "food_category": null,
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": null,
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": null,
          "citation": {
            "ref": "21 CFR 184.1538",
            "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-184.1538"
          },
          "source": "ecfr",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 19,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.1.4",
            "name": "Flavoured Fluid Milk Drinks"
          },
          "max_level": 12.5,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 220 & 233",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 01.1.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.4.3",
            "name": "Clotted cream (plain)"
          },
          "max_level": 10,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS288",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 01.4.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.6.1",
            "name": "Unripened cheese"
          },
          "max_level": 12.5,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 233 & 561",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 01.6.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.6.2",
            "name": "Ripened cheese"
          },
          "max_level": 12.5,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 233, XS208, XS274, XS276, XS277, XS278",
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 01.6.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.6.4",
            "name": "Processed cheese"
          },
          "max_level": 12.5,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 233",
          "effective_from": "2018",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 01.6.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.6.5",
            "name": "Cheese analogues"
          },
          "max_level": 12.5,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2010",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 01.6.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.6.6",
            "name": "Whey protein cheese"
          },
          "max_level": 12.5,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2006",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 01.6.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.7",
            "name": "Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt)"
          },
          "max_level": 12.5,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 233 & 614",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 01.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.5",
            "name": "Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding)"
          },
          "max_level": 3,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2010",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 06.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.2",
            "name": "Fine bakery wares (sweet, salty, savoury) and mixes"
          },
          "max_level": 6.25,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 233",
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 07.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "08.2.2",
            "name": "Heat-treated processed meat, poultry, and game products in whole pieces or cuts"
          },
          "max_level": 25,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 233, 330, XS96 & XS97",
          "effective_from": "2015",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 08.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "08.3.2",
            "name": "Heat-treated processed comminuted meat, poultry, and game products"
          },
          "max_level": 25,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 233 & 377",
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 08.3.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "08.4",
            "name": "Edible casings (e.g. sausage casings)"
          },
          "max_level": 7,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 233",
          "effective_from": "2015",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 08.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "10.2.1",
            "name": "Liquid egg products"
          },
          "max_level": 6.25,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 233",
          "effective_from": "2018",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 10.2.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.5.1",
            "name": "Ready-to-eat soups and broths, including canned, bottled, and frozen"
          },
          "max_level": 5,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 233, 339",
          "effective_from": "2018",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 12.5.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.6.1",
            "name": "Emulsified sauces and dips (e.g. mayonnaise, salad dressing, onion dips)"
          },
          "max_level": 5,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 233 & 538",
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 12.6.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.6.2",
            "name": "Non-emulsified sauces (e.g. ketchup, cheese sauce, cream sauce, brown gravy)"
          },
          "max_level": 5,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 233, XS306 & 538",
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 12.6.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.6.4",
            "name": "Clear sauces (e.g. fish sauce)"
          },
          "max_level": 5,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 233, XS302 & 538",
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 12.6.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.7",
            "name": "Salads (e.g. macaroni salad, potato salad) and sandwich spreads excluding cocoa-and nut-based spreads of food categories 04.2.2.5 and 05.1.3"
          },
          "max_level": 5,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 233 & 538",
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 12.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "names": [
    {
      "name": "1414-45-5",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "ecfr"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ambicin N",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "DELVOPLUS",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "E 234",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "EN8XKG133D",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "INS NO.234",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "INS-234",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Microgard MG 300",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nisaplin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nisin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nisin A",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nisitrol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "E234",
      "type": "e_number",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "234(i)",
      "type": "ins",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nisin preparation",
      "type": "label",
      "source": "ecfr"
    }
  ],
  "hazard_reference_values": [
    {
      "type": "ADI",
      "value": 0.13,
      "value_text": null,
      "unit": "mg/kg bw/day",
      "population": "consumers",
      "assessing_body": "EFSA",
      "year": null,
      "opinion": null
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "key": "ecfr",
      "name": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21",
      "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office / National Archives",
      "licence": "Public domain",
      "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-31/title-21.xml",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
    },
    {
      "key": "gsfa",
      "name": "Codex General Standard for Food Additives (CXS 192-1995)",
      "publisher": "Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO)",
      "licence": "FAO terms — non-commercial use with attribution",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
    }
  ],
  "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Nisin preparation\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/nisin-preparation. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.612Z"
}