{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/polyoxyethylene-20-sorbitan-monolaurate",
  "slug": "polyoxyethylene-20-sorbitan-monolaurate",
  "name": "Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": "E432",
    "ins_number": "432",
    "cas_number": "9005-64-5",
    "inchikey": null,
    "pubchem_cid": null
  },
  "functional_class": "Emulsifier",
  "summary": "Also known as polysorbate 20, this emulsifier is used in beverage bases, dressings and vitamin preparations.",
  "derivation_summary": "Made by attaching about twenty ethylene oxide units to sorbitan monolaurate. The lauric acid comes mainly from coconut or palm kernel oil.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "not_listed",
      "status_label": "Not listed",
      "note": "Does not appear on this jurisdiction’s permitted list. That is not the same as being prohibited.",
      "provision_count": 0,
      "provisions": []
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 57,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.1.4",
            "name": "Flavoured Fluid Milk Drinks"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 629",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 01.1.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.3.2",
            "name": "Beverage whiteners"
          },
          "max_level": 4000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS250 & XS252",
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 01.3.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.4.1",
            "name": "Pasteurized cream (plain)"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 626",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 01.4.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.4.2",
            "name": "Sterilized and UHT creams, whipping and whipped creams, and reduced fat creams (plain)"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2008",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 01.4.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.4.3",
            "name": "Clotted cream (plain)"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2008",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 01.4.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.4.4",
            "name": "Cream analogues"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2005",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 01.4.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.5.2",
            "name": "Milk and cream powder analogues"
          },
          "max_level": 4000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS251",
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 01.5.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.6.1",
            "name": "Unripened cheese"
          },
          "max_level": 80,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 38, XS221, XS262, XS273, XS275",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 01.6.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.7",
            "name": "Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt)"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 629",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 01.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.1.2",
            "name": "Vegetable oils and fats"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 102, XS19, XS33, XS210 & XS325R",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 02.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.1.3",
            "name": "Lard, tallow, fish oil, and other animal fats"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 102, XS19, XS211",
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 02.1.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.2.2",
            "name": "Fat spreads, dairy fat spreads and blended spreads"
          },
          "max_level": 10000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 360 & 557",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 02.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.3",
            "name": "Fat emulsions mainly of type oil-in-water, including mixed and/or flavoured products based on fat emulsions"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 102",
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 02.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.4",
            "name": "Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 102",
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 02.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "03.0",
            "name": "Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2005",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 03.0",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.11",
            "name": "Fruit fillings for pastries"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 04.1.2.11",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.8",
            "name": "Fruit preparations, including pulp, purees, fruit toppings and coconut milk"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 154 & XS314R",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 04.1.2.8",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.9",
            "name": "Fruit-based desserts, incl. fruit-flavoured water-based desserts"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 04.1.2.9",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.2.2.6",
            "name": "Vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweed, and nut and seed pulps and preparations (e.g. vegetable desserts and sauces, candied vegetables) other than food category 04.2.2.5"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS57, XS259R & XS308R",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 04.2.2.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.1.2",
            "name": "Cocoa mixes (syrups)"
          },
          "max_level": 500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 05.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.1.3",
            "name": "Cocoa-based spreads, incl. fillings"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS86",
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 05.1.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.1.4",
            "name": "Cocoa and chocolate products"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 101",
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 05.1.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.1.5",
            "name": "Imitation chocolate, chocolate substitute products"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 05.1.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.2",
            "name": "Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougats, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3, and 05.4"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS309R",
          "effective_from": "2017",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 05.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.3",
            "name": "Chewing gum"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 05.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.4",
            "name": "Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit), and sweet sauces"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 05.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.4.2",
            "name": "Dried pastas and noodles and like products"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2008",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 06.4.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.4.3",
            "name": "Pre-cooked pastas and noodles and like products"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 153 & XS364R",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 06.4.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.5",
            "name": "Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding)"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2005",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 06.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.6",
            "name": "Batters (e.g. for breading or batters for fish or poultry)"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 2",
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 06.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.8.1",
            "name": "Soybean-based beverages"
          },
          "max_level": 2000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 645",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 06.8.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.1.1",
            "name": "Breads and rolls"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2008",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 07.1.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.1.2",
            "name": "Crackers, excluding sweet crackers"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 11",
          "effective_from": "2008",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 07.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.1.3",
            "name": "Other ordinary bakery products (e.g. bagels, pita, English muffins)"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 11",
          "effective_from": "2008",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 07.1.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.1.4",
            "name": "Bread-type products, including bread stuffing and bread crumbs"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 11",
          "effective_from": "2008",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 07.1.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.1.5",
            "name": "Steamed breads and buns"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 11",
          "effective_from": "2008",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 07.1.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.1.6",
            "name": "Mixes for bread and ordinary bakery wares"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 11",
          "effective_from": "2008",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 07.1.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.2",
            "name": "Fine bakery wares (sweet, salty, savoury) and mixes"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2008",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 07.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "08.2",
            "name": "Processed meat, poultry, and game products in whole pieces or cuts"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS96, XS97 & XS350R",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 08.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "08.3",
            "name": "Processed comminuted meat, poultry, and game products"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS88, XS89 & XS98",
          "effective_from": "2014",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 08.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "08.4",
            "name": "Edible casings (e.g. sausage casings)"
          },
          "max_level": 1500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 08.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "10.4",
            "name": "Egg-based desserts (e.g. custard)"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 10.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.1.1",
            "name": "Salt"
          },
          "max_level": 10,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2006",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 12.1.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.2.1",
            "name": "Herbs and spices"
          },
          "max_level": 2000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS326, XS327, XS328, XS342, XS343, XS344, XS345, XS347, XS351, XS352 & XS353",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 12.2.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.2.2",
            "name": "Seasonings and condiments"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 12.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.5",
            "name": "Soups and broths"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2005",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 12.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.6.1",
            "name": "Emulsified sauces and dips (e.g. mayonnaise, salad dressing, onion dips)"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 12.6.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.6.2",
            "name": "Non-emulsified sauces (e.g. ketchup, cheese sauce, cream sauce, brown gravy)"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 580",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 12.6.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.6.3",
            "name": "Mixes for sauces and gravies"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 127",
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 12.6.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.6.4",
            "name": "Clear sauces (e.g. fish sauce)"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS302",
          "effective_from": "2018",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 12.6.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.7",
            "name": "Salads (e.g. macaroni salad, potato salad) and sandwich spreads excluding cocoa-and nut-based spreads of food categories 04.2.2.5 and 05.1.3"
          },
          "max_level": 2000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 12.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.3",
            "name": "Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes (excluding products of food category 13.1)"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 566",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 13.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.4",
            "name": "Dietetic formulae for slimming purposes and weight reduction"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2005",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 13.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.6",
            "name": "Food supplements"
          },
          "max_level": 25000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 13.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "14.1.4",
            "name": "Water-based flavoured drinks, including \"sport,\" “energy,” or \"electrolyte\" drinks and particulated drinks"
          },
          "max_level": 500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 127",
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 14.1.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "14.2.6",
            "name": "Distilled spirituous beverages containing more than 15% alcohol"
          },
          "max_level": 120,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 14.2.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "14.2.7",
            "name": "Aromatized alcoholic beverages (e.g. beer, wine and spirituous cooler-type beverages, low-alcoholic refreshers)"
          },
          "max_level": 120,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2007",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 14.2.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "names": [
    {
      "name": "9005-64-5",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "E 432",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Polysorbate 20",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "POLYSORBATES",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "E432",
      "type": "e_number",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "432",
      "type": "ins",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "2-hydroxyethyl 2-deoxy-3,5-bis-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-O-{2-[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]ethyl}hexofuranoside",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    }
  ],
  "hazard_reference_values": [
    {
      "type": "ADI",
      "value": 25,
      "value_text": null,
      "unit": "mg/kg bw/day",
      "population": "consumers",
      "assessing_body": "EFSA ANS",
      "year": 2015,
      "opinion": {
        "ref": "doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4152",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4152"
      }
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "key": "gsfa",
      "name": "Codex General Standard for Food Additives (CXS 192-1995)",
      "publisher": "Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO)",
      "licence": "FAO terms — non-commercial use with attribution",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
    }
  ],
  "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/polyoxyethylene-20-sorbitan-monolaurate. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.632Z"
}