{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/propionic-acid",
  "slug": "propionic-acid",
  "name": "Propionic acid",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": "E280",
    "ins_number": "280",
    "cas_number": "79-09-4",
    "inchikey": "XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N",
    "pubchem_cid": 1032
  },
  "functional_class": "Preservative",
  "summary": "Propionic acid is the mould inhibitor of bread. It is what keeps a supermarket loaf from going mouldy for a week, and occurs naturally in Swiss cheese as a product of the bacteria that make the holes.",
  "derivation_summary": "Produced industrially from petroleum-derived ethylene, and by fermentation where a natural label is wanted.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "permitted",
      "status_label": "Permitted",
      "provision_count": 1,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted",
          "food_category": null,
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": null,
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": null,
          "citation": {
            "ref": "21 CFR 184.1081",
            "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-184.1081"
          },
          "source": "ecfr",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 3,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted",
          "food_category": null,
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "1999",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table Three, INS 280",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.6.2.1",
            "name": "Ripened cheese, includes rind"
          },
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": "GMP",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 3, 460, 503, XS208, XS269, XS274, XS276, XS277, XS278",
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 280, food category 01.6.2.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.6.6",
            "name": "Whey protein cheese"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 70",
          "effective_from": "2006",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 280, food category 01.6.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "names": [
    {
      "name": "79-09-4",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "ecfr"
    },
    {
      "name": "1-propanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "2-methylacetic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Acid C3",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "acide propanoique",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Acide propionique",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Adofeed",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Antischim B",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "BRN 0506071",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "C2H5COOH",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "C3 acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Carboxyethane",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Caswell No. 707",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CCRIS 6096",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CH3-CH2-COOH",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "E 280",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 077702",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Epitope ID:139981",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "EtCO2H",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ethanecarboxylic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "ethylformic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "FEMA No. 2924",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "FEMA Number 2924",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "HSDB 1192",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "INS NO.280",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "INS-280",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "JHU490RVYR",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kyselina propionova",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Luprisol",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Luprosil",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Metacetonic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Methyl acetic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "methylacetic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Monoprop",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "n-propionic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propanoic acid (9CI)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propanyl acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propcorn",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propioic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionic acid (6CI,8CI)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionic acid (natural)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionic acid (NF)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionic acid grain preserver",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionic acid, 99%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionic acid, 99.5%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionic acid, >=99%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionic acid, >=99.5%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionsaeure",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propkorn",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "propoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "proponic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "proprionic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Prozoin",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pseudoacetic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sentry grain preserver",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tenox P grain preservative",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Toxi-Check",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "ultra-long-chain fatty acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "E280",
      "type": "e_number",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "280",
      "type": "ins",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propanoic acid",
      "type": "iupac",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionic acid",
      "type": "label",
      "source": "ecfr"
    }
  ],
  "hazard_reference_values": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "key": "ecfr",
      "name": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21",
      "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office / National Archives",
      "licence": "Public domain",
      "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-31/title-21.xml",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
    },
    {
      "key": "gsfa",
      "name": "Codex General Standard for Food Additives (CXS 192-1995)",
      "publisher": "Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO)",
      "licence": "FAO terms — non-commercial use with attribution",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
    }
  ],
  "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Propionic acid\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/propionic-acid. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.663Z"
}