{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/quinoline-yellow",
  "slug": "quinoline-yellow",
  "name": "Quinoline yellow",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": "E104",
    "ins_number": "104",
    "cas_number": "8004-92-0",
    "inchikey": null,
    "pubchem_cid": null
  },
  "functional_class": "Colour",
  "summary": "Quinoline Yellow is a synthetic greenish-yellow dye used in soft drinks, confectionery and desserts in the European Union. It is one of the six colours that must carry the activity-and-attention warning in the EU, and it is not permitted in food in the United States.",
  "derivation_summary": "A mixture of the sulfonated forms of 2-(2-quinolyl)indan-1,3-dione, synthesised from petroleum-derived aromatic intermediates. No animal material is involved.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "not_listed",
      "status_label": "Not listed",
      "note": "Does not appear on this jurisdiction’s permitted list. That is not the same as being prohibited.",
      "provision_count": 0,
      "provisions": []
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 31,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.1.4",
            "name": "Flavoured Fluid Milk Drinks"
          },
          "max_level": 10,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 52 & 400",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 01.1.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.7",
            "name": "Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt)"
          },
          "max_level": 150,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 01.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.4",
            "name": "Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7"
          },
          "max_level": 9,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 02.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.4",
            "name": "Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 267, 653, XS17, XS60, XS62, XS242, XS254, XS361",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 04.1.2.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.5",
            "name": ""
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 04.1.2.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.7",
            "name": "Candied fruit"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 04.1.2.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.8",
            "name": "Fruit preparations, including pulp, purees, fruit toppings and coconut milk"
          },
          "max_level": 10,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS240 & XS314R",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 04.1.2.8",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.9",
            "name": "Fruit-based desserts, incl. fruit-flavoured water-based desserts"
          },
          "max_level": 150,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 04.1.2.9",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.2.2.5",
            "name": "Vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweed, and nut and seed purees and spreads (e.g. peanut butter)"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS57",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 04.2.2.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.2.1",
            "name": "Hard candy"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 442",
          "effective_from": "2019",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 05.2.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.2.2",
            "name": "Soft candy"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2019",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 05.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.2.3",
            "name": "Nougats and marzipans"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2019",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 05.2.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.3",
            "name": "Chewing gum"
          },
          "max_level": 30,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 445",
          "effective_from": "2019",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 05.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.4",
            "name": "Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit), and sweet sauces"
          },
          "max_level": 50,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 445",
          "effective_from": "2019",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 05.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.3",
            "name": "Breakfast cereals, including rolled oats"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 06.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.5",
            "name": "Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding)"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 06.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.2",
            "name": "Fine bakery wares (sweet, salty, savoury) and mixes"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 07.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.2",
            "name": "Frozen battered fish, fish fillets and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": 290,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 41 & XS166",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 09.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.4.3",
            "name": "Fried fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 16",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 09.2.4.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.3.3",
            "name": "Salmon substitutes, caviar and other fish roe products"
          },
          "max_level": 100,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS291",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 09.3.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.4",
            "name": "Fully preserved, including canned or fermented fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": 290,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS3, XS37, XS70, XS90, XS94 & XS119",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 09.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.4",
            "name": "Mustards"
          },
          "max_level": 300,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 12.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.5",
            "name": "Soups and broths"
          },
          "max_level": 50,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 99",
          "effective_from": "2015",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 12.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "12.6",
            "name": "Sauces and like products"
          },
          "max_level": 500,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS302 & XS306",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 12.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.3",
            "name": "Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes (excluding products of food category 13.1)"
          },
          "max_level": 10,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 566",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 13.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.4",
            "name": "Dietetic formulae for slimming purposes and weight reduction"
          },
          "max_level": 10,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 13.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.5",
            "name": "Dietetic foods (e.g. supplementary foods for dietary use) excluding products of food categories"
          },
          "max_level": 10,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 13.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "13.6",
            "name": "Food supplements"
          },
          "max_level": 300,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 539 & 535",
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 13.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "14.1.4",
            "name": "Water-based flavoured drinks, including \"sport,\" “energy,” or \"electrolyte\" drinks and particulated drinks"
          },
          "max_level": 70,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 127",
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 14.1.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "14.2.7",
            "name": "Aromatized alcoholic beverages (e.g. beer, wine and spirituous cooler-type beverages, low-alcoholic refreshers)"
          },
          "max_level": 70,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 14.2.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "15.1",
            "name": "Snacks - potato, cereal, flour or starch based (from roots and tubers, pulses and legumes)"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 15.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "names": [
    {
      "name": "8004-92-0",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "E 104",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "openfoodtox"
    },
    {
      "name": "QUINOLINE YELLOW",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
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  "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Quinoline yellow\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/quinoline-yellow. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.668Z"
}