{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/sodium-stearoyl-lactylate",
  "slug": "sodium-stearoyl-lactylate",
  "name": "Sodium stearoyl lactylate",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": "E481",
    "ins_number": "481(i)",
    "cas_number": "25383-99-7",
    "inchikey": "ODFAPIRLUPAQCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M",
    "pubchem_cid": 23671849
  },
  "functional_class": "Emulsifier",
  "summary": "Sodium stearoyl lactylate is a dough strengthener and emulsifier used in bread, buns and tortillas. Along with DATEM it is one of the two emulsifiers most likely to be in a supermarket loaf.",
  "derivation_summary": "Made by reacting stearic acid with lactic acid and neutralising with sodium. The stearic acid may come from plant oils or from animal fat, and the label will not say which.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 1,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": null,
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": null,
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": null,
          "citation": {
            "ref": "21 CFR 172.846",
            "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-172.846"
          },
          "source": "ecfr",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 41,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.1.4",
            "name": "Flavoured Fluid Milk Drinks"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 355 & 629",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 01.1.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.3.2",
            "name": "Beverage whiteners"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS250 & XS252",
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 01.3.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.4.4",
            "name": "Cream analogues"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 2",
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 01.4.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.6.5",
            "name": "Cheese analogues"
          },
          "max_level": 2000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 01.6.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "01.7",
            "name": "Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt)"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 355 & 629",
          "effective_from": "2024",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 01.7",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.1.2",
            "name": "Vegetable oils and fats"
          },
          "max_level": 300,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 356, XS33, XS325R & 542",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 02.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.2.2",
            "name": "Fat spreads, dairy fat spreads and blended spreads"
          },
          "max_level": 10000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 359 & 557",
          "effective_from": "2009",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 02.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.3",
            "name": "Fat emulsions mainly of type oil-in-water, including mixed and/or flavoured products based on fat emulsions"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 02.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.4",
            "name": "Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 02.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "03.0",
            "name": "Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 15",
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 03.0",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.11",
            "name": "Fruit fillings for pastries"
          },
          "max_level": 2000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 04.1.2.11",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.8",
            "name": "Fruit preparations, including pulp, purees, fruit toppings and coconut milk"
          },
          "max_level": 2000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS240 & XS314R",
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 04.1.2.8",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.1.2.9",
            "name": "Fruit-based desserts, incl. fruit-flavoured water-based desserts"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 04.1.2.9",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "04.2.2.2",
            "name": "Dried vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweeds, and nuts and seeds"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 76, XS323R & XS336R",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 04.2.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.2",
            "name": "Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougats, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3, and 05.4"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: XS309R",
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 05.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.3",
            "name": "Chewing gum"
          },
          "max_level": 2000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 05.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "05.4",
            "name": "Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit), and sweet sauces"
          },
          "max_level": 2000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 05.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.2.1",
            "name": "Flours"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 186, XS152 & 170",
          "effective_from": "2025",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 06.2.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.3",
            "name": "Breakfast cereals, including rolled oats"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 06.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.4.2",
            "name": "Dried pastas and noodles and like products"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 211",
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 06.4.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.4.3",
            "name": "Pre-cooked pastas and noodles and like products"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 194, 371 & XS364R",
          "effective_from": "2026",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 06.4.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "06.5",
            "name": "Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding)"
          },
          "max_level": 6000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 06.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.1.1.1",
            "name": "Yeast-leavened breads and specialty breads"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 388",
          "effective_from": "2017",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 07.1.1.1",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.1.1.2",
            "name": "Soda breads"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 07.1.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.1.2",
            "name": "Crackers, excluding sweet crackers"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 07.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.1.3",
            "name": "Other ordinary bakery products (e.g. bagels, pita, English muffins)"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 07.1.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.1.4",
            "name": "Bread-type products, including bread stuffing and bread crumbs"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 07.1.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.1.5",
            "name": "Steamed breads and buns"
          },
          "max_level": 3000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 07.1.5",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.1.6",
            "name": "Mixes for bread and ordinary bakery wares"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 07.1.6",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "07.2",
            "name": "Fine bakery wares (sweet, salty, savoury) and mixes"
          },
          "max_level": 5000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 07.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "08.2.2",
            "name": "Heat-treated processed meat, poultry, and game products in whole pieces or cuts"
          },
          "max_level": 2000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 373, XS96 & XS97",
          "effective_from": "2016",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 08.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
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