{
  "$schema": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/api/v1/schema.json",
  "id": "https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/thiodipropionic-acid",
  "slug": "thiodipropionic-acid",
  "name": "Thiodipropionic acid",
  "identifiers": {
    "e_number": null,
    "ins_number": "388",
    "cas_number": null,
    "inchikey": "ODJQKYXPKWQWNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N",
    "pubchem_cid": 8096
  },
  "functional_class": "Antioxidant",
  "summary": "Thiodipropionic acid is an antioxidant used to protect fats and oils from rancidity.",
  "derivation_summary": "Produced by chemical synthesis from acrylic acid and hydrogen sulfide.",
  "regulatory_status": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "jurisdiction_name": "United States",
      "authority": "Food and Drug Administration",
      "status": "permitted",
      "status_label": "Permitted",
      "provision_count": 1,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted",
          "food_category": null,
          "max_level": null,
          "max_level_unit": null,
          "conditions": null,
          "effective_from": null,
          "citation": {
            "ref": "21 CFR 182.3109",
            "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-182.3109"
          },
          "source": "ecfr",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "CODEX",
      "jurisdiction_name": "Codex Alimentarius",
      "authority": "Codex Alimentarius Commission / JECFA",
      "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
      "status_label": "Permitted, with conditions",
      "provision_count": 6,
      "provisions": [
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.1.2",
            "name": "Vegetable oils and fats"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 46, 511, XS33 & XS325R",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 388, food category 02.1.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.1.3",
            "name": "Lard, tallow, fish oil, and other animal fats"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 46, XS211",
          "effective_from": "2021",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 388, food category 02.1.3",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "02.2.2",
            "name": "Fat spreads, dairy fat spreads and blended spreads"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 46 & XS253",
          "effective_from": "2023",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 388, food category 02.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "09.2.2",
            "name": "Frozen battered fish, fish fillets and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 15, 46 & XS166",
          "effective_from": "2017",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 388, food category 09.2.2",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "14.1.4",
            "name": "Water-based flavoured drinks, including \"sport,\" “energy,” or \"electrolyte\" drinks and particulated drinks"
          },
          "max_level": 1000,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 15 & 46",
          "effective_from": "1999",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 388, food category 14.1.4",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        },
        {
          "status": "permitted_with_conditions",
          "food_category": {
            "system": "codex",
            "code": "15.0",
            "name": "Ready-to-eat savouries"
          },
          "max_level": 200,
          "max_level_unit": "mg/kg",
          "conditions": "GSFA notes: 46",
          "effective_from": "1999",
          "citation": {
            "ref": "CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 388, food category 15.0",
            "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/"
          },
          "source": "gsfa",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "names": [
    {
      "name": "111-17-1",
      "type": "cas",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": ".beta.,.beta.'-Thiodipropionic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3 inverted exclamation mark -Thiodipropionic Acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3 inverted exclamation mark(R)-Thiodipropionic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3 inverted exclamation marka-Thiodipropionic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3'-Sulfanediyldipropanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3'-Thi",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3'-Thiobis(propanoic acid)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3'-Thiobis-propanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3'-Thiobispropanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3'-Thiodi(propionic acid)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3'-Thiodi-Propionic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3'-Thiodipropanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3'-Thiodipropionic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3'-Thiodipropionic acid, 8CI",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3'-Thiodipropionic acid, 97%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3'-thiodipropionic acid, 99%",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3-thiodipropionic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3-Thiodipropionicacid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3,3\\'-Thiodipropionic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3-(2-carboxyethylsulanyl)propanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3-(2-carboxyethylsulfanyl)propanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3-(2-carboxyethylthio)propanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3-[(2-carboxyethyl)sulfanyl]propanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "3BBK323ED8",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "4-Thiaheptanedioic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "4-Thiaheptanedioio acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bis(2-carboxyethyl) sulfide",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CAS-111-17-1",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "CCRIS 3288",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Diethyl sulfide 2,2'-dicarboxylic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Diethyl sulfide b,b'-dicarboxylic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "HSDB 858",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "InChI=1/C6H10O4S/c7-5(8)1-3-11-4-2-6(9)10/h1-4H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "INS NO.388",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "INS-388",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kyselina 3,3-thiodipropionova",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kyselina beta,beta'-thiodipropionova",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propanoic acid, 3,3'-thiobis-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propanoic acid,3'-thiobis-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionic acid, 3,3'-thiodi-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Propionic acid,3'-thiodi-",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sulfide, bis(2-carboxyethyl)",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "TDPA",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thiahydracrylic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thiobispropanoic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thiodihydracrylic acid",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "THIODIPROPIONATES",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "THIODIPROPIONIC ACID",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tyox A",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "WLN: QV2S2VQ",
      "type": "common",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "E388",
      "type": "e_number",
      "source": "pubchem"
    },
    {
      "name": "388",
      "type": "ins",
      "source": "gsfa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thiodipropionic acid",
      "type": "label",
      "source": "ecfr"
    }
  ],
  "hazard_reference_values": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "key": "ecfr",
      "name": "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21",
      "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office / National Archives",
      "licence": "Public domain",
      "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-31/title-21.xml",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T18:25:51.549Z"
    },
    {
      "key": "gsfa",
      "name": "Codex General Standard for Food Additives (CXS 192-1995)",
      "publisher": "Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO)",
      "licence": "FAO terms — non-commercial use with attribution",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07T07:54:15.059Z"
    }
  ],
  "citation_policy": "Cite as: Food Additive Index, \"Thiodipropionic acid\", https://foodadditiveindex.com/additives/thiodipropionic-acid. This site reports regulatory status and does not rate additives.",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-08T00:09:38.746Z"
}