Advantame

E number E969INS 969CAS 714229-20-6

Listed as a sweetener by Canada, Codex, the EU and the US.

Listed as sweeteners (CA, EU, US, Codex) · flavour enhancers (Codex)
Chemical structure of Advantame, from PubChem compound 56843846
Structure from PubChem CID 56843846 (National Library of Medicine, public domain). A depiction of one compound: where a listing covers a family, or a substance has no single structure, this page shows none.

Advantame is the sweetest of the approved intense sweeteners, roughly twenty thousand times as sweet as sugar. It is used in tiny quantities in drinks, dairy products, chewing gum and baked goods.

Where it is and isn’t permitted

Status of Advantame by jurisdiction. Every jurisdiction this site covers is listed, including those where the substance does not appear.
JurisdictionStatusScope and limitsCitation
Australia and New ZealandFood Standards Australia New ZealandPermitted, with conditions

54 food categories

no numerical limit (good manufacturing practice)

Show every food category
  • 0 Preparations of food additives — GMP
  • 1.1.1 Liquid milk (including buttermilk) — GMPOnly UHT goats milk.
  • 1.1.2 Liquid milk products and flavoured liquid milk — GMP
  • 1.2.2 Fermented milk products and rennetted milk products — GMP
  • 1.3 Condensed milk and evaporated milk — GMP
  • 1.4.1 Cream, reduced cream and light cream — GMPOnly UHT creams and creams receiving equivalent or greater heat treatments.
  • 1.4.2 Cream products (flavoured, whipped, thickened, sour cream etc) — GMP
  • 1.5 Dried milk, milk powder, cream powder — GMP
  • 1.6 Cheese and cheese products — GMP
  • 10.2 Liquid egg products — GMP
  • 10.3 Frozen egg products — GMP
  • 10.4 Dried or heat coagulated egg products — GMP
  • 11.1.1 Rainbow sugar — GMP
  • 11.3.1 Dried honey — GMP
  • 11.4 Tabletop sweeteners — GMP
  • 12.1.2 Reduced sodium salt mixture — GMP
  • 12.1.3 Salt substitute — GMP
  • 12.5 Yeast and yeast products — GMP
  • 12.6 Vegetable protein products — GMP
  • 13.3 Formulated meal replacements and formulated supplementary foods — GMP
  • 13.4 Formulated supplementary sports foods — GMP
  • 13.5 Food for special medical purposes — GMP
  • 14.1.1.2 Carbonated, mineralised and soda waters — GMP
  • 14.1.2.1 Fruit and vegetable juices — GMPFor juice separated by other than mechanical means only.
  • 14.1.2.2 Fruit and vegetable juice products — GMP
  • 14.1.3 Water based flavoured drinks — GMP
  • 14.1.4 Formulated Beverages — GMP
  • 14.1.5 Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions and similar products — GMP
  • 14.2.3 Wine based drinks and reduced alcohol wines — GMP
  • 14.2.4.1 Fruit wine products and vegetable wine products — GMP
  • 14.2.5 Spirits and liqueurs — GMP
  • 14.3 Alcoholic beverages not included in item 14.2 — GMP
  • 2.1 Edible oils essentially free of water — GMP
  • 2.2.1.2 Butter products — GMP
  • 2.2.1.3 Margarine and similar products — GMP
  • 2.2.2 Oil emulsions (<80% oil) — GMP
  • 20 Foods not included in items 0 to 14 — GMP
  • 3 Ice cream and edible ices — GMP
  • 4.1.3 Fruits and vegetables that are peeled, cut, or both peeled and cut — GMP
  • 4.3 Processed fruits and vegetables — GMP
  • 5.1 Chocolate and cocoa products — GMP
  • 5.2 Sugar confectionery — GMP
  • 5.4 Icings and frostings — GMP
  • 6.3 Processed cereal and meal products — GMP
  • 6.4 Flour products (including noodles and pasta) — GMP
  • 7 Breads and bakery products — GMP
  • 8.2 Processed meat, poultry and game products in whole cuts or pieces — GMP
  • 8.3 Processed comminuted meat, poultry and game products, other than products listed in item 8.3.2 — GMP
  • 8.3.2 Sausage and sausage meat containing raw, unprocessed meat — GMP
  • 8.4 Edible casings — GMP
  • 8.5 Animal protein products — GMP
  • 9.2 Processed fish and fish products — GMP
  • 9.3 Semi preserved fish and fish products — GMP
  • 9.4 Fully preserved fish including canned fish products — GMP
Food Standards Code, Schedule 15, S15—5and 53 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-17
CanadaHealth CanadaPermitted, with conditions

highest permitted level 400 mg/kg

14 permitted uses

Show every permitted use
  • In: Breakfast cereals; Nut spreads; Peanut spreads; Unstandardized fruit spreads; Unstandardized purées; Unstandardized table syrups. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 10 ppm. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0092. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item A.2(a)
  • In: Breath fresheners; Chewing gum. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 400 ppm. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0092. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item A.2(b)
  • In: Broths; Soup mixes; Soups. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 2 ppm in the food as consumed. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0092. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item A.2(c)
  • In: Confectionery glazes for snack foods; Sweetened coating mixes for snack foods; Sweetened seasonings for snack foods; Unstandardized confectionery; Unstandardized confectionery coatings. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 20 ppm. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0092. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item A.2(d)
  • In: Dietetic confectionery; Dietetic confectionery coatings. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 60 ppm. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0092. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item A.2(e)
  • In: Filling mixes; Fillings; Topping mixes; Toppings. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 20 ppm in the food as consumed. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0092. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item A.2(f)
  • In: Marinades. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 3 ppm. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0092. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item A.2(g)
  • In: Table-top sweeteners. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: Good Manufacturing Practice. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0092. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item A.2(h)
  • In: Unstandardized bakery products. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 18 ppm in the food as consumed. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0210, NOM/ADM-0092. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item A.2(i)
  • In: Unstandardized beverage concentrates, except unstandardized coffee beverage concentrates and unstandardized tea beverage concentrates; Unstandardized beverage mixes, except unstandardized coffee beverage mixes and unstandardized tea beverage mixes; Unstandardized beverages, except unstandardized coffee beverages and unstandardized tea beverages; Unstandardized dessert mixes; Unstandardized desserts. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 10 ppm in the food as consumed. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0092. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item A.2(j)
  • In: Unstandardized coffee beverage concentrates; Unstandardized coffee beverage mixes; Unstandardized coffee beverages; Unstandardized tea beverage concentrates; Unstandardized tea beverage mixes; Unstandardized tea beverages. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 3 ppm in the beverage as consumed. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0092. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item A.2(k)
  • In: Unstandardized condiments; Unstandardized sauces. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 4 ppm. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0092. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item A.2(l)
  • In: Unstandardized salad dressings. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 5 ppm. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0092. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item A.2(m)
  • In: Yogurt. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 6 ppm. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0092. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item A.2(n)
Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9)and 13 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-17
European UnionEuropean Commission / EFSAPermitted, with conditions

36 food categories

highest permitted level 400 mg/l

Show every food category
  • 1.4 flavoured fermented milk products including heat-treated products — 10 mg/lML = 10 mg/l. only energy-reduced products or with no added sugar.
  • 11.4.1 table-top sweeteners in liquid form — quantum satisquantum satis.
  • 11.4.2 table-top sweeteners in powder form — quantum satisquantum satis.
  • 11.4.3 table-top sweeteners in tablets — quantum satisquantum satis.
  • 12.4 Mustard — 4 mg/kgML = 4 mg/kg.
  • 12.5 Soups and broths — 2 mg/kgML = 2 mg/kg. only energy-reduced soups.
  • 12.6 Sauces — 4 mg/kgML = 4 mg/kg.
  • 12.7 Salads and savoury-based sandwich spreads — 4 mg/kgML = 4 mg/kg. only Feinkostsalat.
  • 13.2 Foods for special medical purposes as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 (excluding products from food category 13.1.5.) — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg.
  • 13.3 Total diet replacement for weight control food as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 — 8 mg/kgML = 8 mg/kg.
  • 14.1.3 Fruit nectars as defined by Directive 2001/112/EC and vegetable nectars and similar products — 6 mg/lML = 6 mg/l. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 14.1.4 Flavoured_drinks — 6 mg/lML = 6 mg/l. only energy reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 14.2.1 beer and malt beverages — 6 mg/lML = 6 mg/l. only alcohor-free beer or with an alcohol content not exceeding 1,2 % vol; &quot;Bi&egrave;re de table/Tafelbier/Table beer&quot; (original wort content less than 6 %) except for &quot;Oberg&auml;riges Einfachbier&quot;; Beers with a minimum acidity of 30 milli-equivalents expressed as NaOH; Brown beers of the &quot;oud bruin&quot; type.
  • 14.2.3 Cider and perry — 6 mg/lML = 6 mg/l. excluding cydr jakościowy, perry jakościowe, cydr lodowy, perry lodowe.
  • 14.2.8 Other alcoholic beverages including mixtures of alcoholic beverages with non-alcoholic beverages and other alcoholic beverages based on distilled alcohol with alcoholic strength by volume less than 15 % — 6 mg/lML = 6 mg/l.
  • 15.1 Potato- cereal- flour- or starch-based snacks — 5 mg/kgML = 5 mg/kg.
  • 15.2 Processed nuts — 5 mg/kgML = 5 mg/kg.
  • 16 Desserts excluding products covered in category 1 3 and 4 — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 17.1 food supplements supplied in a solid form excluding food supplements for infants and young children’, — 20 mg/kgML = 20 mg/kg.
  • 17.2 food supplements supplied in a liquid form excluding food supplements for Infants and young children — 6 mg/lML = 6 mg/l.
  • 18.2 Meal replacement for weight control as referred to in Commission Regulation (EU) No 432/2012 — 8 mg/kgML = 8 mg/kg.
  • 3 edible ices — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 4.2.2 fruit and vegetables in vinegar oil or brine — 3 mg/kgML = 3 mg/kg. only sweet-sour preserves of fruit and vegetables.
  • 4.2.3 canned or bottled fruit and vegetables — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. only fruit energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 4.2.4.1 fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. only energy-reduced.
  • 4.2.5 jam jellies and marmalades and similar products — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. only energy-reduced jams jellies and marmalades.
  • 4.2.5.1 Extra jam and extra jelly as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. only energy-reduced jams jellies and marmalades.
  • 4.2.5.2 Jam, jellies and marmalades and sweetened chestnut puree as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. only energy-reduced jams, jellies and marmalades.
  • 4.2.5.3 other similar fruit or vegetable spreads — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. only dried-fruit-based sandwich spreads, energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 5.1 Cocoa and chocolate products as covered by Directive 2000/36/EC — 20 mg/kgML = 20 mg/kg. only energy-reduced or with no added sugars.
  • 5.2 Other confectionery including breath freshening micro-sweets — 20 mg/kgML = 20 mg/kg. only cocoa or dried fruit based, energy reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 5.3 chewing gum — 400 mg/kgML = 400 mg/kg. only with no added sugar.
  • 5.4 Decorations, coatings and fillings, except fruit-based fillings covered by category 4.2.4 — 20 mg/kgML = 20 mg/kg. only starch based confectionary energy reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 6.3 breakfast cereals — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. only breakfast cereals with a fibre content of more than 15%, and containing at least 20% bran, energy reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 7.2 Fine bakery wares — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. only essoblaten - wafer paper.
  • 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans — 3 mg/kgML = 3 mg/kg. only sweet-sour preserves and semi preserves of fish and marinades or fish, crustaceans and molluscs.
Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008and 35 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-18
Great BritainFood Standards Agency / Food Standards ScotlandPermitted, with conditions

34 food categories

highest permitted level 20 mg/kg or mg/l

Show every food category
  • 1.4 Flavoured fermented milk products including heat-treated products — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. only energy-reduced products or with no added sugar.
  • 11.4.1 Table-top sweeteners in liquid form — quantum satisquantum satis.
  • 11.4.2 Table-top sweeteners in powder form — quantum satisquantum satis.
  • 11.4.3 Table-top sweeteners in tablets — quantum satisquantum satis.
  • 12.4 Mustard — 4 mg/kg or mg/lML = 4.
  • 12.5 Soups and broths — 2 mg/kg or mg/lML = 2. only energy-reduced soups.
  • 12.6 Sauces — 4 mg/kg or mg/lML = 4.
  • 12.7 Salads and savoury based sandwich spreads — 4 mg/kg or mg/lML = 4. only Feinkostsalat.
  • 13.2 Dietary foods for special medical purposes defined in Directive 1999/21/EC (excluding products from food category 13.1.5) — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10.
  • 13.3 Dietary foods for weight control diets intended to replace total daily food intake or an individual meal (the whole or part of the total daily diet) — 8 mg/kg or mg/lML = 8.
  • 14.1.3 Fruit nectars as defined by Directive 2001/112/EC and vegetable nectars and similar products — 6 mg/kg or mg/lML = 6. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 14.1.4 Flavoured drinks — 6 mg/kg or mg/lML = 6. only energy reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 14.2.1 Beer and malt beverages — several limits(1) ML 6: only alcohol-free beer or with an alcohol content not exceeding 1,2 % vol; ‘ Bière de table/Tafelbier/Table beer ’ (original wort content less than 6 %) except for ‘ Obergäriges Einfachbier ’ ; Beers with a minimum acidity of 30 milli-equivalents expressed as NaOH; Brown beers of the ‘ oud bruin ’ type; (2) ML 0.5: only energy-reduced beer.
  • 14.2.3 Cider and perry — 6 mg/kg or mg/lML = 6.
  • 14.2.8 Other alcoholic drinks including mixtures of alcoholic drinks with non-alcoholic drinks and spirits with less than 15 % of alcohol — 6 mg/kg or mg/lML = 6.
  • 15.1 Potato-, cereal-, flour- or starch-based snacks — 5 mg/kg or mg/lML = 5.
  • 15.2 Processed nuts — 5 mg/kg or mg/lML = 5.
  • 16 Desserts excluding products covered in categories 1, 3 and 4 — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 17.1 Food supplements supplied in a solid form, excluding food supplements for infants and young children — several limits(1) ML 20: no further restriction; (2) ML 55: only food supplements in chewable form.
  • 17.2 Food supplements supplied in a liquid form, excluding food supplements for infants and young children — several limits(1) ML 6: no further restriction; (2) ML 55: only food supplements in syrup form.
  • 3 Edible ices — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 4.2.2 Fruit and vegetables in vinegar, oil, or brine — 3 mg/kg or mg/lML = 3. only sweet-sour preserves of fruit and vegetables.
  • 4.2.3 Canned or bottled fruit and vegetables — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. only fruit energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 4.2.4.1 Fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. only energy-reduced.
  • 4.2.5.1 Extra jam and extra jelly as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. only energy-reduced jams jellies and marmalades.
  • 4.2.5.2 Jam, jellies and marmalades and sweetened chestnut puree as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. only energy-reduced jams, jellies and marmalades.
  • 4.2.5.3 Other similar fruit or vegetable spreads — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. only dried-fruit-based sandwich spreads, energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 5.1 Cocoa and chocolate products as covered by Directive 2000/36/EC — 20 mg/kg or mg/lML = 20. only energy-reduced or with no added sugars.
  • 5.2 Other confectionery including breath refreshening microsweets — several limits(1) ML 20: only cocoa or dried fruit based, energy reduced or with no added sugar; (2) ML 10: only cocoa, milk, dried fruit or fat based sandwich spreads, energy-reduced or with no added sugar; (3) ML 20: only starch based confectionary energy reduced or with no added sugar; (4) ML 10: only confectionary with no added sugar; (5) ML 60: only breath-freshening micro-sweets, with no added sugar; (6) ML 20: only strongly flavoured freshening throat pastilles with no added sugar.
  • 5.3 Chewing gum — several limits(1) ML 200: only with added sugars or polyols, as flavour enhancer; (2) ML 400: only with no added sugar.
  • 5.4 Decorations, coatings and fillings, except fruit based fillings covered by category 4.2.4 — several limits(1) ML 20: only starch based confectionary energy reduced or with no added sugar; (2) ML 10: only confectionary with no added sugar; (3) ML 20: only cocoa or dried fruit based, energy reduced or with no added sugar; (4) ML 4: only sauces.
  • 6.3 Breakfast cereals — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. only breakfast cereals with a fibre content of more than 15 %, and containing at least 20 % bran, energy reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 7.2 Fine bakery wares — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. only essoblaten — wafer paper.
  • 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including mollusks and crustaceans — 3 mg/kg or mg/lML = 3. only sweet-sour preserves and semi preserves of fish and marinades of fish, crustaceans and molluscs.
Assimilated Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008and 33 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-18
JapanConsumer Affairs AgencyPermitted, with conditions
Designated additive: Appended Table 1, item 26, アドバンテーム (“Advantame” in the unofficial English translation). …

Designated additive: Appended Table 1, item 26, アドバンテーム (“Advantame” in the unofficial English translation). Standards for use — Specifications and Standards for Foods, Food Additives, etc. (MHW Notification No. 370 of 1959), Part II (Food Additives), F (Standards for use): The Notification sets no standard for use (使用基準) for this additive, so it is not restricted there to particular foods or amounts. Compositional specifications for this additive, in the same Notification, are not imported and are not shown here; nor are the general rules in F 添加物一般, which apply to every additive.

Regulations for Enforcement of the Food Sanitation Act (MHW Ordinance No. 23 of 1948), Appended Table 1retrieved 2026-10-18
South KoreaMinistry of Food and Drug SafetyNo listing matchedThis site imports Part III of South Korea’s Standards and Specifications for Food Additives, matched by CAS number, then INS number, then exact name. Mixed preparations and sanitisers are not imported, and an entry whose identifiers disagreed with a page’s is held for review, so an empty row does not show that South Korea does not permit the substance.
United StatesFood and Drug AdministrationPermitted, with conditions21 CFR 172.803retrieved 2026-10-17
Codex AlimentariusCodex Alimentarius Commission / JECFAPermitted, with conditions

64 food categories

highest permitted level 400 mg/kg

Show every food category and its notes
  • 01.1.4 Flavoured Fluid Milk Drinks — 6 mg/kg
    • Note 381 As consumed.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS243 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Fermented Milks (CXS 243-2003).
  • 01.3.2 Beverage whiteners — 60 mg/kg
    • Note 201 For use in flavoured products only.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS250 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for a Blend of Evaporated Skimmed Milk and Vegetable Fat (CODEX STAN 250-2006).
    • Note XS252 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for a Blend of Sweetened Condensed Skimmed Milk and Vegetable Fat (CODEX STAN 252-2006).
  • 01.4.4 Cream analogues — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 68 For use in flavoured and/or sweetened products only.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 01.5.2 Milk and cream powder analogues — 20 mg/kg
    • Note 408 For use in flavoured and/or sweetened milk powder analogues only.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS251 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for a Blend of Skimmed Milk and Vegetable Fat in Powdered Form (CODEX STAN 251-2006).
  • 01.6.1 Unripened cheese — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 201 For use in flavoured products only.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS251 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for a Blend of Skimmed Milk and Vegetable Fat in Powdered Form (CODEX STAN 251-2006).
    • Note XS262 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Mozzarella (CODEX STAN 262-2006).
    • Note XS273 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Cottage Cheese (CXS 273-1968).
    • Note XS275 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Cream Cheese (CXS 275-1973).
  • 01.7 Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt) — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS243 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Fermented Milks (CXS 243-2003).
  • 02.4 Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7 — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 03.0 Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 04.1.2.1 Frozen fruit — 20 mg/kg
    • Note 358 For use in products in a syrup or juice only.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 04.1.2.10 Fermented fruit products — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 04.1.2.11 Fruit fillings for pastries — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 04.1.2.12 Cooked fruit — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 04.1.2.3 Fruit in vinegar, oil, or brine — 3 mg/kg
    • Note 144 For use in sweet and sour products.
  • 04.1.2.4 Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 04.1.2.5 — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS296 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Jams, Jellies and Marmalades (CODEX STAN 296-2009).
  • 04.1.2.6 Fruit-based spreads (e.g. chutney) excluding products of food category — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS160 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Mango Chutney (CODEX STAN 160-1987).
  • 04.1.2.7 Candied fruit — 20 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 04.1.2.8 Fruit preparations, including pulp, purees, fruit toppings and coconut milk — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS240 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Aqueous Coconut Products (CODEX STAN 240-2003).
    • Note XS314R Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Date Paste (CODEX STAN 314R-2013).
  • 04.1.2.9 Fruit-based desserts, incl. fruit-flavoured water-based desserts — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 04.2.2.2 Dried vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweeds, and nuts and seeds — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 144 For use in sweet and sour products.
    • Note 348 For general use in dried seaweed.
    • Note 613 Except for products conforming to the Regional Standard for Laver Products (CXS 323R-2017), only for use in Seasoned Laver Products.
    • Note XS336R Excluding products conforming to the Regional Standard for kava products for use as a beverage when mixed with water (North America and South West Pacific) (CXS 336R-2020).
  • 04.2.2.3 Vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), and seaweeds in vinegar, oil, brine, or soybean sauce — 3 mg/kg
    • Note 144 For use in sweet and sour products.
  • 04.2.2.4 Canned or bottled (pasteurized) or retort pouch vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), and seaweeds — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS57 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Processed Tomato Concentrates (CODEX STAN 57-1981).
    • Note XS257R Excluding products conforming to the Codex Regional Standard for Canned Humus with Tehena (CODEX STAN 257R-2007).
    • Note XS258R Excluding products conforming to the Regional Standard for Canned Foul Medames (CXS 258R-2007).
  • 04.2.2.5 Vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweed, and nut and seed purees and spreads (e.g. peanut butter) — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS57 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Processed Tomato Concentrates (CODEX STAN 57-1981).
    • Note XS257R Excluding products conforming to the Codex Regional Standard for Canned Humus with Tehena (CODEX STAN 257R-2007).
  • 04.2.2.6 Vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweed, and nut and seed pulps and preparations (e.g. vegetable desserts and sauces, candied vegetables) other than food category 04.2.2.5 — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS38 Excluding products conforming to the General Standard for Edible Fungi and Fungus Products (CODEX STAN 38-1981).
    • Note XS57 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Processed Tomato Concentrates (CODEX STAN 57-1981).
    • Note XS259R Excluding products conforming to the Codex Regional Standard for Tehena (CODEX STAN 259R-2007).
    • Note XS308R Excluding products conforming to the Regional Standard for Harissa (Red Hot Pepper Paste) (CXS 308R-2011).
    • Note XS321 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Ginseng Products (CXS 321-2015).
  • 04.2.2.7 Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1, — 25 mg/kg
    • Note 144 For use in sweet and sour products.
  • 04.2.2.8 Cooked or fried vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), and seaweeds — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 144 For use in sweet and sour products.
    • Note 345 For use in curried products.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note 613 Except for products conforming to the Regional Standard for Laver Products (CXS 323R-2017), only for use in Seasoned Laver Products.
    • Note XS334R Excluding products conforming to the Regional Standard for fermented cooked Cassava-based products (Africa) (CXS 334R-2020).
  • 05.1.1 Cocoa mixes (powders) and cocoa mass/cake — 30 mg/kg
    • Note 97 On the final cocoa and chocolate product basis.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS141 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Cocoa (Cacao) Mass (Cocoa/chocolate liquor) and Cocoa Cake (CODEX STAN 141-1983).
  • 05.1.2 Cocoa mixes (syrups) — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 97 On the final cocoa and chocolate product basis.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 05.1.3 Cocoa-based spreads, incl. fillings — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS86 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Cocoa Butter (CODEX STAN 86-1981).
  • 05.1.4 Cocoa and chocolate products — 20 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 05.1.5 Imitation chocolate, chocolate substitute products — 30 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 05.2.1 Hard candy — 40 mg/kg
    • Note 114 Except for use in microsweets and breath freshening mints at 100 mg/kg.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 05.2.2 Soft candy — 30 mg/kg
    • Note 114 Except for use in microsweets and breath freshening mints at 100 mg/kg.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS309R Excluding products conforming to the Codex Regional Standard for Halawa Tehenia (CODEX STAN 309R-211).
  • 05.2.3 Nougats and marzipans — 30 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 05.3 Chewing gum — 400 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 05.4 Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit), and sweet sauces — 20 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 06.3 Breakfast cereals, including rolled oats — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 06.5 Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding) — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 07.1 Bread and ordinary bakery wares and mixes — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 398 Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with sweetener and colour functions in this food category while others limit this food category to products without these additives.
  • 07.2 Fine bakery wares (sweet, salty, savoury) and mixes — 17 mg/kg
    • Note 165 For use in products for special nutritional use only.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 09.2 Processed fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms — 3 mg/kg
    • Note 144 For use in sweet and sour products.
  • 09.3 Semi-preserved fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms — 3 mg/kg
    • Note 144 For use in sweet and sour products.
    • Note XS291 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Sturgeon Caviar (CODEX STAN 291-2010).
  • 09.4 Fully preserved, including canned or fermented fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms — 3 mg/kg
    • Note 144 For use in sweet and sour products.
  • 10.4 Egg-based desserts (e.g. custard) — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 11.4 Other sugars and syrups (e.g. xylose, maple syrup, sugar toppings) — 30 mg/kg
    • Note 258 Excluding maple syrup.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 11.6 Table-top sweeteners, including those containing high-intensity sweeteners — GMP
  • 12.2.2 Seasonings and condiments — 20 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 12.3 Vinegars — 30 mg/kg
    • Note 277 For use in flavoured vinegar and in rice vinegar only.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 12.4 Mustards — 3.5 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 12.5 Soups and broths — 12 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
    • Note XS117 Excluding products conforming to the Codex Standard for Bouillons and Consommés (CODEX STAN 117-1981).
  • 12.6 Sauces and like products — 3.5 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 12.7 Salads (e.g. macaroni salad, potato salad) and sandwich spreads excluding cocoa-and nut-based spreads of food categories 04.2.2.5 and 05.1.3 — 3.5 mg/kg
    • Note 166 For use in milk-based sandwich spreads only.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 13.3 Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes (excluding products of food category 13.1) — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 13.4 Dietetic formulae for slimming purposes and weight reduction — 8 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 13.5 Dietetic foods (e.g. supplementary foods for dietary use) excluding products of food categories — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 13.6 Food supplements — 55 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 14.1.3.1 Fruit nectar — 6 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 14.1.3.2 Vegetable nectar — 6 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 14.1.3.3 Concentrates for fruit nectar — 6 mg/kg
    • Note 127 On the served to the consumer basis.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 14.1.3.4 Concentrates for vegetable nectar — 6 mg/kg
    • Note 127 On the served to the consumer basis.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 14.1.4 Water-based flavoured drinks, including "sport," “energy,” or "electrolyte" drinks and particulated drinks — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 14.1.5 Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa — 6 mg/kg
    • Note 160 For use in ready-to-drink products and pre-mixes for ready-to-drink products only.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 14.2.7 Aromatized alcoholic beverages (e.g. beer, wine and spirituous cooler-type beverages, low-alcoholic refreshers) — 6 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 15.0 Ready-to-eat savouries — 5 mg/kg
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 969and 63 further provisionsretrieved 2026-09-07

How much is permitted

A listing usually limits the quantity as well as the food. Only one of the forms that takes is a figure: quantum satis and good manufacturing practice permit the amount the technological effect requires and no more, which is a limit rather than the absence of one. Figures below are the range across every food category this page is listed in, and categories differ between regulators — see how much is permitted.

Australia and New Zealand—54 GMP
Canada2 mg/kg – 400 mg/kg13 numeric limit, 1 GMP
European Union2 mg/kg – 400 mg/kg33 numeric limit, 3 quantum satis
Great Britain2 mg/kg – 20 mg/kg25 numeric limit, 6 several limits, 3 quantum satis
Japan—1 no quantity stated
United States—1 no quantity stated
Codex Alimentarius3 mg/kg – 400 mg/kg63 numeric limit, 1 GMP

What a label must say

Words a food containing Advantame is obliged to carry, quoted from the instrument that imposes them. A required statement is a fact about the regulation, not a finding about the substance — every rule below applies where the additive is authorised.

Every rule collected at what a label must say.

What it is made from

Made by reacting aspartame with an aldehyde derived from isovanillin, with hydrogenation. Like neotame it is a substituted aspartame derivative, and the substitution prevents the release of phenylalanine in digestion.

  • Vegan
  • Vegetarian

Compare other additives on the dietary indexes.

CAS registry number
714229-20-6
InChIKey
NQQIEOGMDRFTDZ-HLRBRJAUSA-N
PubChem
CID 56843846

The two specifications, compared

The European Union sets identity and purity by regulation; JECFA publishes its own through FAO, advisory until a country adopts it. Both documents are below in full. These are the parameters each puts a number on.

ParameterEuropean UnionJECFA
Assayno less than 97 %no less than 97 %
Leadno more than 1 mg/kgno more than 1 mg/kg
Arsenicno more than 2 mg/kg—

The two documents state the same figures for every parameter compared here.

How the EU defines it

The legal specification an additive must meet to be sold as this E number in the EU — what it is, how it may be made, and the purity it must reach. From Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012.

E 969 Advantame

Advantame (ANS9801) is produced by chemical synthesis in a three-step process; production of the principal manufacturing intermediate, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamaldehyde (HMCA), followed by hydrogenation to form 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) propionaldehyde (HMPA). In the final step, the HMPA methanol solution (filtrate) is combined with aspartame to give the imine that under selective hydrogenation forms advantame. The solution is allowed to crystallise and crude crystals are washed. The product is re-crystallised and crystals are separated, washed and dried.

Assay, identification and purity criteria

Description and assay

CAS No.
714229-20-6
Chemical name
N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) propyl]-α-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, monohydrate (IUPAC); L-phenylalanine, N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-L-alpha-aspartyl-, 2-methyl ester, monohydrate (CA)
Molecular formula
C24H30N2O7·H₂O
Molecular weight
476,52 g/mol (monohydrate)
Assay
Not less than 97,0 % and not more than 102,0 % on an anhydrous basis
Description
White to yellow powder

Identification

Melting Point
101,5 °C

Purity criteria

N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl-α-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine (ANS9801-acid)
Not more than 1,0 %
Total other related substances
Not more than 1,5 %
Residual Solvents
Isopropyl acetate: Not more than 2 000 mg/kg Methyl acetate: Not more than 500 mg/kg Methanol: Not more than 500 mg/kg 2-Propanol: Not more than 500 mg/kg
Water content
Not more than 5,0 % (Karl Fischer method)
Residue on ignition
Not more than 0,2 %
Arsenic
Not more than 2 mg/kg
Lead
Not more than 1 mg/kg
Palladium
Not more than 5,3 mg/kg
Platinum
Not more than 1,7 mg/kg

Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012, Annex, E 969

How JECFA defines it

The international specification for identity and purity, prepared by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives and published by FAO. It is a different document from any above, written by a different body and revised on its own cycle; it is advisory, and a country adopts it or does not.

INS 969 Advantame

Advantame is manufactured by N -alkylation of aspartic acid portion of aspartame (L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methylester) with 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) propionaldehyde produced by selective catalytic hydrogenation from 3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamaldehyde. The product is purified through re-crystallisation and dried. Only the following solvents may be used for the production: methanol and ethyl acetate.

Synonyms: INS No. 969

Assay, identification and purity criteria

Description and assay

Specification history
Prepared at the 80 th JECFA (2015), published in FAO JECFA Monographs 17 (2015), superseding tentative specifications prepared at 77 th JECFA (2013). An ADI of 0-5 mg/kg body weight was established at the 77th JECFA (2013).
Chemical names
(3S)-3-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propylamino]-4-[[(2S)-1-methoxy-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid hydrate, N -[ N -[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-L-α-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, monohydrate
C.A.S. number
714229-20-6
Chemical formula
C24H30N2O7·H2O
Formula weight
476.52
Assay
Not less than 97.0% and not more than 102.0% on the anhydrous basis
DESCRIPTION
White to yellow powder
FUNCTIONAL USES
Sweetener, flavour enhancer
METHOD OF ASSAY
Principle Determine by HPLC using the following conditions: Mobile phase Mobile phase A: Dissolve 13.61 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 1000 ml of water, and adjust the pH to 2.8 with phosphoric acid. Add 250 ml of acetonitrile to 750 ml of this solution, mix well, and sonicate for about 5 min. Mobile phase B: Dissolve 13.61 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 1000 ml of water, and adjust the pH to 2.8 with phosphoric acid. Add 500 ml of acetonitrile to 500 ml of this solution, mix well, and sonicate for about 5 min. Iinternal standard Accurately weigh about 40 mg of benzoic acid and dissolve in a mixture of water and acetonitrile (7:3 v/v) to make exactly 50 ml. Standard stock solution Accurately weigh about 40 mg of advantame reference standard (available from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan), dissolve in a mixture of water and acetonitrile (7:3 v/v) to make 50 ml. Standard solution Pipet 8, 9 10, 11, 12 ml of standard stock solution into five volumetric flasks. Add 5 ml of the Internal standard solution to each volumetric flask, and add a mixture of water and acetonitrile (7:3 v/v) to make exactly 50 ml. Sample solution Accurately weigh about 40 mg of advantame and dissolve in a mixture of water and acetonitrile (7:3 v/v) to make exactly 50 ml. Pipet 10 ml of this solution, transfer into 50 ml volumetric flask, add exactly 5 ml of the internal standard solution, and add a mixture of water and acetonitrile (7:3 v/v) to make exactly 50 ml. HPLC conditions Column: Inertsil ODS-2 (25 cm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) GL Sciences, or equiv. Column temperature: 40° Mobile phase: Mobile phase A: Mixture of phosphate buffer solution (pH 2.8) and acetonitrile (75:25 v/v) Mobile phase B: Mixture of phosphate buffer solution (pH 2.8) and acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min Injection volume: 20 μl Detector: UV at 280 nm Run Time: 55 min Gradient program: Time Mobile phase A Mobile phase B (min) (%) (%) 0 100 0 20 100 0 50 0 100 55 0 100 System suitability Suitability requirement 1: The resolution between the benzoic acid and advantame peaks is not less than 10 in the chromatogram of the standard solution having the concentration of advantame reference standard closest to 160 μg/ml. (Note: The elution order must be benzoic acid then advantame). Suitability requirement 2: When injected six consecutive times, the relative standard deviation for the retention time of the advantame peak is not more than 1.0% for the standard solution having the concentration of advantame reference standard closest to 160 μg/ml. Analysis Separately inject the Standard solutions into the chromatograph (including the stock solution), record the chromatograms, and determine the peak area responses for the major peaks in the resulting chromatographs (Note: The approximate retention time for advantame is 16.5 min). For each standard solution, calculate the ratio of the peak area response of the advantame peak to that of the benzoic acid internal standard peak. Create a standard curve by plotting the resulting peak area response ratios versus the concentrations of the standard solutions. Inject the Sample solution into the chromatograph, record the chromatogram, and determine the peak area responses for the major peaks in the resulting chromatogram. Calculate the ratio of the peak area response of the advantame peak to that of the benzoic acid internal standard peak. Using the standard curve, determine the concentration of advantame (CA) in the sample solution, in μg/m. Calculation Calculate the percentage of advantame (C24H30N2O7) in the sample taken: Advantame (%) = (CA/CU) x 100 where CA is the concentration of advantame in the sample solution as determined from the standard curve (μg/mL) CU is the concentration of the sample solution (μg/mL) See Appendix C for example of chromatogram obtained using the method.

Identification

Solubility (Vol. 4)
Very slightly soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol
Infrared spectrum
The infrared spectrum of a potassium bromide dispersion of the sample corresponds to the standard infrared spectrum in Appendix A.

Purity criteria

Water (Vol. 4)
Not more than 5% (Karl Fischer)
Residue on ignition (Vol. 4)
Not more than 0.2% (use 5 g of the sample)
N-[ N -[3-(3-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl) propyl]- α-aspartyl]-L-phenyl- alanine (acid of advantame) Other related substances
Not more than 1% See description under TESTS Not more than 1.5% (expressed as acid of advantame) See description under TESTS
Specific rotation (Vol. 4)
[𝛼] 20 : Between -46° and -39° 𝐷 (0.2% solution in ethanol, on an anhydrous basis)
Residual solvents
Methanol: Not more than 500 mg/kg Ethyl acetate: Not more than 500 mg/kg See description under TESTS
Lead (Vol. 4)
Not more than 1 mg/kg Determine using an AAS (Electrothermal atomization technique) appropriate to the specified level. The selection of sample size and method of sample preparation may be based on principles of methods described in Volume 4 (under “General Methods, Metallic Impurities”).
Test: N -[ N -[3-(3-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl) propyl]- α-aspartyl]-L-phenyl- alanine (acid of advantame)
Principle Determination of N -[ N -[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) propyl]-α-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine by HPLC Mobile phase Mobile phase A: Dissolve 13.61 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 1000 ml of water, and adjust the pH to 2.8 with phosphoric acid. Add 100 ml of acetonitrile to 900 ml of this solution, mix well, and sonicate for about 5 min. Mobile phase B: Dissolve 13.61 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 1000 ml of water, and adjust the pH to 2.8 with phosphoric acid. Add 600 ml of acetonitrile to 400 ml of this solution, mix well, and sonicate for about 5 min. Standard solution Dissolve the acid of advantame reference standard (available from Wako Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan) in a mixture of water and acetonitrile (7:3 v/v) to concentrations of 15, 10, 5, 2 and 0.2 μg/ml. Preparation of Sample solution : Dissolve the sample in a mixture of water and acetonitrile (7:3 v/v) to a concentration of 1 mg/ml. System suitability solution Prepare a solution containing 10 μg/mL of advantame reference standard and 10 μg/ml of acid of advantame reference standard (both available from Wako Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan) in a mixture of water and acetonitrile (7:3 v/v). HPLC conditions: Column: Inertsil ODS-2 (25 cm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm), GL Sciences, or equiv. Column temperature: 50° Mobile phase: Mobile phase A: Mixture of phosphate buffer solution (pH 2.8) and acetonitrile (9:1 v/v) Mobile phase B: Mixture of phosphate buffer solution (pH 2.8) and acetonitrile (2:3 v/v) Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min Injection volume: 20 μl Detector: UV at 210 nm Run Time: 80 min Gradient program: Time (min) Mobile phase A (%) Mobile phase B (%) 0.0 85 15 30.0 85 15 55.0 75 25 75.0 0 100 80.0 0 100 80.1 85 15 90.0 85 15 System suitability requirement The resolution between the advantame and acid of advantame peaks is not less than 3.0 in the chromatogram of the System suitability solution. (Note: The approximate retention times for acid of advantame and advantame are 29.6 min and 56.0, respectively). Analysis Separately inject the Standard solution and the Sample solution into the chromatograph, record the chromatograms, and determine the peak area responses for the peaks in the resulting chromatograms. Calculation Calculate the percentage of acid of advantame in the sample using the following formula: Acid of advantame (%) = (rU/rS) x (CS/CU) x 100 where rU is the peak area response of advantame acid obtained from the chromatogram of the sample solution rS is the peak area response of advantame acid from the chromatogram of the standard solution CS is the concentration of the standard solution (μg/ml) CU is the concentration of the sample solution (μg/ml) See Appendix B for example of chromatogram obtained using the method.
Test: Other related substances
Calculation Calculate the total percentage of other related substances from the results of the Test for N -[ N -[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) propyl]-α-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine using the following formula: Total content of other related substances (%) = (rT/rS) x (CS/CU) x 100 where rT is the total peak response of all peaks, except those of advantame and advantame acid obtained from the chromatogram of the sample solution (disregard any peak areas less than 0.02%) rS is the peak area response of advantame acid from the chromatogram of the standard solution CS is the concentration of the standard solution (μg/ml) CU is the concentration of the sample solution (μg/ml)
Test: Residual solvents
Principle Proceed as directed in Residual Solvents by Headspace Gas Chromatography (Vol. 4) using the following: Sample solution Accurately weigh about 0.08 g of advantame to an appropriate headspace vial, and add 2 ml of DMF, apply the stopper, cap, and mix. Standard Solution Accurately weigh 0.1 g methanol, and add DMF to make exactly 10 ml (stock solution 1). Accurately weigh 0.1 g of ethyl acetate, and add DMF to make exactly 20 ml (stock solution 2). Transfer 1 ml of stock solution 1 and 1 ml of stock solution 2 into a 10-ml volumetric flask, and add DMF to make exactly 10 ml. Transfer 1 ml of this solution into a 10 ml volumetric flask, and add DMF to make exactly 10 ml (mixture stock solution). Transfer 1 ml of mixture stock solution into a 25 ml volumetric flask, and add DMF to make exactly 25ml. Transfer 2 ml of this solution to an appropriate headspace vial, apply the stopper, cap, and mix. Procedure Analyse using the analytical conditions for Residual Solvents by Headspace Gas Chromatography as described in Vol. 4. Calculation Calculate the content (mg/kg) of each residual solvent using the following formulae: Content of methanol (mg/kg) = WSA / WT × ATA / ASA × 80 Content of ethyl acetate (mg/kg) = WSB / WT × ATB / ASB × 40 where ATA is the peak area of methanol from the Sample solution; ATB is the peak area of ethyl acetate from the Sample solution ASA is the peak area of methanol from the Standard solution; ASB is the peak area of ethyl acetate from the Standard solution; WT is the weight (g) of Advantame in the Sample solution; WSA is the weight (g) of methanol in the Standard solution; and WSB is the weight (g) of ethyl acetate in the Standard solution.

FAO JECFA Monograph 17 (2015)

Every name it appears under

32 recorded names. A label may use any of them.

E number

  • E969

INS number

  • 969

CAS registry number

  • 714229-20-6

As it appears in regulation

  • Advantame

Other names

  • Advantame
  • advantame hydrate
  • Advantame monohydrate
  • E 969
  • FEMA NO. 4716
  • INS NO.969
  • INS-969

Systematic names

  • (3S)-3-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propylamino]-4-[[(2S)-1-methoxy-1- oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid;hydrate
  • (3S)-4-[[(2S)-1-methoxy-1-oxidanylidene-3-phenyl-propan-2-yl]amino]-3-[3-(4-methoxy-3-oxidanyl-phenyl)propylamino]-4-oxidanylidene-butanoic acid;hydrate
  • (S)-3-((3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl)amino)-4-(((S)-1-methoxy-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoic acid hydrate
  • 4-Hydroxy-3-{[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]amino}-4-[(1-methoxy-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)imino]butanoic acid--water (1/1)
  • L-PHENYLALANINE, N-(3-(3-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYPHENYL)PROPYL)-L-.ALPHA.-ASPARTYL-, 2-METHYL ESTER, HYDRATE (1:1)
  • L-PHENYLALANINE, N-(3-(3-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYPHENYL)PROPYL)-L-.ALPHA.-ASPARTYL-, 2-METHYL ESTER, MONOHYDRATE
  • L-Phenylalanine, N-(3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl)-l-alpha-aspartyl-, 2-methyl ester, hydrate (1:1)
  • L-Phenylalanine, N-(3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl)-l-alpha-aspartyl-, 2-methyl ester, monohydrate
  • Methyl N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninate--water (1/1)
  • N-(N-(3-(3-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYPHENYL) PROPYL)-L-.ALPHA.-ASPARTYL)-L-PHENYLALANINE-1-METHYL ESTER, MONOHYDRATE
  • PHENYLALANINE, N-(3-(3-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYPHENYL)PROPYL)-.ALPHA.-ASPARTYL-, 2-METHYL ESTER, MONOHYDRATE
  • Phenylalanine, N-(3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl)-alpha-aspartyl-, 2-methyl ester, monohydrate

Hazard reference values

EFSA and JECFA have both set an acceptable daily intake for Advantame, and they agree: 5 mg/kg bw/day. An acceptable daily intake is a reference value set by a committee, not a threshold above which harm begins. See where the two committees differ.

Values set by assessing bodies. A body that has not set a value is not listed here.
TypeValuePopulationAssessed byOpinion
ADI5 mg/kg bw/day—JECFA2015
ADI5 mg/kg bw/dayconsumersEFSA ANS2013

Evidence and how bodies read it

Studies, and the differing conclusions regulators drew from them, are curated rather than machine-read, and none has been written for this substance yet.

Common questions

Assembled from what is above, in the words the questions are usually asked in. Each answer is the same statement the relevant section makes, with the same citations behind it.

What is E 969?
E 969 is Advantame. Advantame is the sweetest of the approved intense sweeteners, roughly twenty thousand times as sweet as sugar. It is used in tiny quantities in drinks, dairy products, chewing gum and baked goods.
What is Advantame used for in food?
It is listed as a sweetener — the role Canada, Codex, the EU and the US assign it. This page shows every function each regulator records, with the citation for each.
Where is Advantame permitted?
Of the seven regulators this site reads, Australia and New Zealand, Canada, the EU, Great Britain, Japan, the US and the Codex standard permit it. Each permission is for named foods at named levels, not a blanket one; the table on this page gives them with citations.
Is Advantame vegan?
Yes. Advantame is not derived from animals, and is suitable for vegetarians. This page says what it is made from and how.

Sources for this page

  • anz retrieved 2026-10-17
  • ca retrieved 2026-10-17
  • eu retrieved 2026-10-18
  • gb retrieved 2026-10-18
  • jp retrieved 2026-10-18
  • ecfr retrieved 2026-10-17
  • gsfa retrieved 2026-09-07
  • euspecs retrieved 2026-10-18
  • jecfaspecs retrieved 2026-09-23

Full licence terms and publisher details on Sources. How this page is built and updated: Method.

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