Benzoic acid

E number E210INS 210CAS 65-85-0

Listed as a preservative by Canada, Codex and the US.

Listed as preservatives (CA, US, Codex) · acidity regulators (US) · flavouring agents and adjuvants (US)
Chemical structure of Benzoic acid, from PubChem compound 243
Structure from PubChem CID 243 (National Library of Medicine, public domain). A depiction of one compound: where a listing covers a family, or a substance has no single structure, this page shows none.

Benzoic acid is a preservative effective against yeasts and moulds in acidic foods. It occurs naturally in cranberries, prunes and cinnamon, and is added to soft drinks, pickles and sauces.

Where it is and isn’t permitted

Status of Benzoic acid by jurisdiction. Every jurisdiction this site covers is listed, including those where the substance does not appear.
JurisdictionStatusScope and limitsCitation
Australia and New ZealandFood Standards Australia New ZealandPermitted, with conditions

25 food categories

highest permitted level 9,000 mg/kg

Show every food category
  • 0 Preparations of food additives — 1,000 mg/kg
  • 0.4 Rennetting enzymes — 9,000 mg/kg
  • 11.4.1 Tabletop sweeteners—liquid preparation — GMP
  • 13.4.1 Solid formulated supplementary sports foods — 400 mg/kg
  • 13.4.2 Liquid formulated supplementary sports foods — 400 mg/kg
  • 13.5 Food for special medical purposes — 1,500 mg/kg
  • 14.1.2 Fruit and vegetable juices and fruit and vegetable juice products — 400 mg/kgNote: For each item under 14.1.2, the GMP principle precludes the use of preservatives in juices represented as not preserved by chemical or heat treatment.
  • 14.1.3 Water based flavoured drinks — 400 mg/kg
  • 14.1.4 Formulated Beverages — 400 mg/kg
  • 14.2.4 Fruit wine, vegetable wine and mead (including cider and perry) — 400 mg/kg
  • 14.3 Alcoholic beverages not included in item 14.2 — 400 mg/kg
  • 2.2.2 Oil emulsions (<80% oil) — 1,000 mg/kg
  • 20.2.0.3 Dairy and fat based desserts, dips and snacks — 700 mg/kg
  • 20.2.0.4 Sauces and toppings (including mayonnaises and salad dressings) — 1,000 mg/kg
  • 3.1 Ice confection sold in liquid form — 400 mg/kg
  • 4.3.0.2 Mushrooms in brine or water and not commercially sterile — 500 mg/kg
  • 4.3.0.3 Preserved cherries known as maraschino cherries, cocktail cherries or glacé cherries — 1,000 mg/kg
  • 4.3.0.5 Coconut milk coconut cream and coconut syrup — 1,000 mg/kg
  • 4.3.2 Fruits and vegetables in vinegar, oil, brine or alcohol — 1,000 mg/kg
  • 4.3.4.1 Low joule chutneys, low joule jams and low joule spreads — 1,000 mg/kg
  • 4.3.6 Fruit and vegetable preparations including pulp — 3,000 mg/kgChilli paste.
  • 4.3.6 Fruit and vegetable preparations including pulp — 1,000 mg/kgOther foods.
  • 4.3.8.2 Imitation fruit — 400 mg/kg
  • 5.4 Icings and frostings — 1,000 mg/kg
  • 9.3 Semi preserved fish and fish products — 2,500 mg/kg
Food Standards Code, Schedule 15, S15—5and 24 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-17
CanadaHealth CanadaPermitted, with conditions

no numerical limit (good manufacturing practice)

6 permitted uses

Show every permitted use
  • In: Apple and (naming the fruit or fruits) jam; Concentrated (naming the fruit) juice, except frozen concentrated orange juice; Fig marmalade with pectin; (Naming the fruit or fruits) jam; (Naming the fruit or fruits) jam with pectin; (Naming the fruit or fruits) jelly with pectin; (Naming the fruit) juice; (Naming the fruits) juice; (Naming the citrus fruit or citrus fruits) marmalade with pectin; Mincemeat; Pickles and relishes; Pineapple marmalade with pectin; Rhubarb and (naming the fruit or fruits) jam; Tomato catsup; Tomato paste; Tomato pulp; Tomato puree. Purpose: Preservative. Limit: If used singly, the amount not to exceed 1,000 ppm. If used in combination with potassium benzoate or sodium benzoate, or both, the total combined amount not to exceed 1,000 ppm, calculated as benzoic acid. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Preservatives (List 11), item B.1(a)
  • In: Calorie-reduced margarine; Margarine. Purpose: Preservative. Limit: If used singly, the amount not to exceed 1,000 ppm. If used in any combination with potassium benzoate, sodium benzoate, calcium sorbate, potassium sorbate, sodium sorbate or sorbic acid, the total combined amount not to exceed 1,000 ppm, calculated as benzoic acid and sorbic acid, respectively. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Preservatives (List 11), item B.1(b)
  • In: (Naming the flavour) essence; (Naming the flavour) extract; (Naming the flavour) flavour. Purpose: Preservative. Limit: Good Manufacturing Practice. Amendment notices: M-FAA-24-14. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Preservatives (List 11), item B.1(b.1)
  • In: Packaged fish or meat (as defined in section B.21.002 of the Food and Drug Regulations) products that are marinated or otherwise cold-processed. Purpose: Preservative. Limit: If used singly, the amount not to exceed 1,000 ppm. If used in combination with potassium benzoate or sodium benzoate, or both, the total combined amount not to exceed 1,000 ppm, calculated as benzoic acid. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0122. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Preservatives (List 11), item B.1(c)
  • In: Unstandardized foods, except unstandardized preparations of meat or meat by-product, fish or meat (as defined in section B.21.002 of the Food and Drug Regulations) or poultry meat or poultry meat by-product and those unstandardized foods set out in paragraph (e) of this item. Purpose: Preservative. Limit: If used singly, the amount not to exceed 1,000 ppm. If used in combination with potassium benzoate or sodium benzoate, or both, the total combined amount not to exceed 1,000 ppm, calculated as benzoic acid. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0122. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Preservatives (List 11), item B.1(d)
  • In: Unstandardized oyster-flavoured sauces. Purpose: Preservative. Limit: If used singly, the amount not to exceed 1,000 ppm. If used in combination with potassium benzoate or sodium benzoate, or both, the total combined amount not to exceed 1,000 ppm, calculated as benzoic acid. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0147. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Preservatives (List 11), item B.1(e)
Health Canada, List of Permitted Preservatives (List 11)and 5 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-17
European UnionEuropean Commission / EFSAPermitted, with conditions

44 food categories

highest permitted level 5,000 mg/l

Show every food category
  • 1.4 flavoured fermented milk products including heat-treated products — 300 mg/lPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 300 mg/l. only non-heat treated dairy-based desserts. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 10.2 processed eggs and egg products — 5,000 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 5000 mg/kg. only liquid egg (white, yolk or whole egg). Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 11.4.1 table-top sweeteners in liquid form — 500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid - potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid - benzoates; p-hydroxybenzoates. ML = 500 mg/kg. only if the water content higher than 75%. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 12.2.2 Seasonings and condiments — 1,000 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 1000 mg/kg. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 12.4 Mustard — 1,000 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 1000 mg/kg. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 12.5 Soups and broths — 500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 500 mg/kg. only liquid soups and broths (excluding canned). Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 12.6 Sauces — 1,000 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 1000 mg/kg. only emulsified sauces with a fat content of 60 % or more; non emulsified sauces. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 12.6 Sauces — 1,000 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Benzoic acid - benzoates (BA). ML = 1000 mg/kg. only emulsified sauces with a fat content of less than 60 %. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 12.7 Salads and savoury-based sandwich spreads — 1,500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 1500 mg/kg. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 13.2 Foods for special medical purposes as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 (excluding products from food category 13.1.5.) — 1,500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 1500 mg/kg.
  • 13.3 Total diet replacement for weight control food as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 — 1,500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 1500 mg/kg.
  • 14.1.2 Fruit juices as defined by Directive 2001/112/EC and vegetable juices — 2,000 mg/lPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 2000 mg/l. only grape juice, unfermented, for sacramental use.
  • 14.1.3 Fruit nectars as defined by Directive 2001/112/EC and vegetable nectars and similar products — 150 mg/lPermitted as a member of Benzoic acid - benzoates (BA). ML = 150 mg/l. only traditional Swedish and Finnish fruit syrups.
  • 14.1.4 Flavoured_drinks — 150 mg/lPermitted as a member of Benzoic acid - benzoates (BA). ML = 150 mg/l. excluding dairy-based drinks.
  • 14.1.5.2 other — 600 mg/lPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 600 mg/l. only liquid tea concentrates and liquid fruit and herbal infusion concentrates. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 14.2.1 beer and malt beverages — 200 mg/lPermitted as a member of Benzoic acid - benzoates (BA). ML = 200 mg/l. only alcohol-free beer; beer in kegs containing more than 0.5 % added fermentable sugar and/or fruit juices or concentrates. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 14.2.2 Wine and other products defined in Annex VII part II of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 — 200 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Benzoic acid - benzoates (BA). ML = 200 mg/kg. only alcohol-free Period of application: From 19 July 2012. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 14.2.8 Other alcoholic beverages including mixtures of alcoholic beverages with non-alcoholic beverages and other alcoholic beverages based on distilled alcohol with alcoholic strength by volume less than 15 %Permitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. only alcoholic beverages with alcoholic strength by volume less than 15 %.
  • 14.2.8 Other alcoholic beverages including mixtures of alcoholic beverages with non-alcoholic beverages and other alcoholic beverages based on distilled alcohol with alcoholic strength by volume less than 15 % — 200 mg/lPermitted as a member of Benzoic acid - benzoates (BA). ML = 200 mg/l. only alcoholic beverages with alcoholic strength by volume less than 15 %. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 16 Desserts excluding products covered in category 1 3 and 4 — 300 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 300 mg/kg. only non-heat-treated dairy-based desserts. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 16 Desserts excluding products covered in category 1 3 and 4 — 500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Benzoic acid - benzoates (BA). ML = 500 mg/kg. only frugtgrød and rote Grütze. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 17.1 food supplements supplied in a solid form excluding food supplements for infants and young children’, — 1,000 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 1000 mg/kg. only food supplements in dried form and containing preparations of vitamin A and of combinations of vitamins A and D, except in chewable form. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 17.2 food supplements supplied in a liquid form excluding food supplements for Infants and young children — 2,000 mg/lPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 2000 mg/l. except food supplements in syrup form. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 18.2 Meal replacement for weight control as referred to in Commission Regulation (EU) No 432/2012 — 1,500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 1500 mg/kg.
  • 4.2.2 fruit and vegetables in vinegar oil or brine — 2,000 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 2000 mg/kg. only vegetables (excluding olives). Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 4.2.2 fruit and vegetables in vinegar oil or brine — 500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Benzoic acid - benzoates (BA). ML = 500 mg/kg. only olives and olive-based preparations. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 4.2.4.1 fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote — 1,000 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 1000 mg/kg. only olive-based preparations. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 4.2.4.1 fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote — 500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Benzoic acid - benzoates (BA). ML = 500 mg/kg. only seaweed preparations, olives and olive-based preparations. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 4.2.5.1 Extra jam and extra jelly as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — 1,000 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 1000 mg/kg. only low-sugar and similar low calorie or sugar-free products, mermeladas. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 4.2.5.1 Extra jam and extra jelly as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — 500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Benzoic acid - benzoates (BA). ML = 500 mg/kg. only low-sugar and similar low calorie or sugar-free products, mermeladas. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 4.2.5.2 Jam, jellies and marmalades and sweetened chestnut puree as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — 1,000 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 1000 mg/kg. only low-sugar and similar low calorie or sugar-free products, spreads, mermeladas. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 4.2.5.2 Jam, jellies and marmalades and sweetened chestnut puree as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — 500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Benzoic acid - benzoates (BA). ML = 500 mg/kg. only low-sugar and similar low calorie or sugar-free products, mermeladas. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 4.2.5.3 other similar fruit or vegetable spreads — 1,000 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 1000 mg/kg. other fruit-based spreads, mermeladas. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 4.2.5.3 other similar fruit or vegetable spreads — 500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Benzoic acid - benzoates (BA). ML = 500 mg/kg. other fruit-based spreads mermeladas. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 5.2 Other confectionery including breath freshening micro-sweets — 1,000 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 1000 mg/kg. only candied, crystallized or glac&eacute; fruit and vegetables. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 5.2 Other confectionery including breath freshening micro-sweets — 1,500 mg/lPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid - potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid - benzoates; p-hydroxybenzoates. ML = 1500 mg/l. except candied, crystallized or glacé fruit and vegetables.
  • 5.3 chewing gum — 1,500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 1500 mg/kg. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 5.4 Decorations, coatings and fillings, except fruit-based fillings covered by category 4.2.4 — 1,500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid - potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid - benzoates; p-hydroxybenzoates. ML = 1500 mg/kg. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 8.3.1 Non-heat-treated processed meat — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid - potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid - benzoates; p-hydroxybenzoates. quantum satis. only surface treatment of dried meat products. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 8.3.2 Heat-treated meat products — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid - potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid - benzoates; p-hydroxybenzoates. quantum satis. only surface treatment of dried meat products. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 8.3.2 Heat-treated meat products — 500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Benzoic acid - benzoates (BA). ML = 500 mg/kg. only aspic. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans — 200 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 200 mg/kg. only salted, dried fish. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans — 1,500 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Benzoic acid - benzoates (BA). ML = 1500 mg/kg. Only cooked shrimps in brine. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
  • 9.3 fish roe — 2,000 mg/kgPermitted as a member of Sorbic acid – potassium sorbate; Benzoic acid – benzoates. ML = 2000 mg/kg. only semi-preserved fish products including fish roe products. Note 1: The additives may be added individually or in combination.
Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, Annex IIand 43 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-18
Great BritainFood Standards Agency / Food Standards ScotlandPermitted, with conditions

43 food categories

highest permitted level 5,000 mg/kg or mg/l

Show every food category
  • 1.4 Flavoured fermented milk products including heat-treated products — 300 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 300. only non-heat-treated dairy based desserts. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 10.2 Processed eggs and egg products — 5,000 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 5000. only liquid egg (white, yolk or whole egg). Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 11.4.1 Table-top sweeteners in liquid form — 500 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–219: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates; p-hydroxybenzoates (SA + BA + PHB). ML = 500. only if the water content higher than 75 %. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 12.2.2 Seasonings and condiments — 1,000 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 1000. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 12.4 Mustard — 1,000 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 1000. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 12.5 Soups and broths — 500 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 500. only liquid soups and broths (excluding canned). Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 12.6 Sauces — several limitsPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). (1) ML 1000: only emulsified sauces with a fat content of 60 % or more; non emulsified sauces; (2) ML 2000: only emulsified sauces with a fat content of less than 60 %. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 12.6 Sauces — several limitsPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). (1) ML 1000: only emulsified sauces with a fat content of less than 60 %; (2) ML 500: only emulsified sauces with a fat content of 60 % or more. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 12.7 Salads and savoury based sandwich spreads — 1,500 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 1500. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 13.2 Dietary foods for special medical purposes defined in Directive 1999/21/EC (excluding products from food category 13.1.5) — 1,500 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 1500. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 13.3 Dietary foods for weight control diets intended to replace total daily food intake or an individual meal (the whole or part of the total daily diet) — 1,500 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 1500. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 14.1.2 Fruit juices as defined by Directive 2001/112/EC and vegetable juices — 2,000 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 2000. only grape juice, unfermented, for sacramental use. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 14.1.2 Fruit juices as defined by Directive 2001/112/EC and vegetable juices — 200 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). ML = 200. only Sød … saft and sødet … saft. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 14.1.3 Fruit nectars as defined by Directive 2001/112/EC and vegetable nectars and similar products — 150 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). ML = 150. only traditional Swedish and Finnish fruit syrups. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination (11): Limits are expressed as (a) acesulfame K equivalent or (b) aspartame equivalent. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 14.1.4 Flavoured drinks — 150 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). ML = 150. excluding dairy-based drinks. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 14.1.5.2 Other — 600 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 600. only liquid tea concentrates and liquid fruit and herbal infusion concentrates. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 14.2.1 Beer and malt beverages — 200 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). ML = 200. only alcohol-free beer; beer in kegs containing more than 0,5 % added fermentable sugar and/or fruit juices or concentrates. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 14.2.2 Wine and other products defined by Regulation (EEC) No 1234/2007, and alcohol-free counterparts — 200 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). ML = 200. only alcohol-free Period of application: From 19 July 2012. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 14.2.8 Other alcoholic drinks including mixtures of alcoholic drinks with non-alcoholic drinks and spirits with less than 15 % of alcohol — 200 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). ML = 200. only alcoholic drinks with less than 15 % of alcohol. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 16 Desserts excluding products covered in categories 1, 3 and 4 — 300 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 300. only non-heat-treated dairy-based desserts. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 16 Desserts excluding products covered in categories 1, 3 and 4 — 500 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). ML = 500. only frugtgrød and rote Grütze. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 17.1 Food supplements supplied in a solid form, excluding food supplements for infants and young children — 1,000 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 1000. only food supplements in dried form and containing preparations of vitamin A and of combinations of vitamins A and D, except in chewable form. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 17.2 Food supplements supplied in a liquid form, excluding food supplements for infants and young children — 2,000 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 2000. except food supplements in syrup form. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 4.2.2 Fruit and vegetables in vinegar, oil, or brine — several limitsPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). (1) ML 2000: only vegetables (excluding olives); (2) ML 1000: only olives and olive-based preparations. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 4.2.2 Fruit and vegetables in vinegar, oil, or brine — 500 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). ML = 500. only olives and olive-based preparations. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 4.2.4.1 Fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote — several limitsPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). (1) ML 500: only seaweed preparations, olives and olive-based preparations; (2) ML 2000: only cooked red beet. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 4.2.4.1 Fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote — 1,000 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 1000. only olive-based preparations. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 4.2.5.1 Extra jam and extra jelly as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — 1,000 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 1000. only low-sugar and similar low calorie or sugar-free products, mermeladas. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 4.2.5.1 Extra jam and extra jelly as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — 500 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). ML = 500. only low-sugar and similar low calorie or sugar-free products, mermeladas. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 4.2.5.2 Jam, jellies and marmalades and sweetened chestnut puree as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — 1,000 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 1000. only low-sugar and similar low calorie or sugar-free products, spreads, mermeladas. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 4.2.5.2 Jam, jellies and marmalades and sweetened chestnut puree as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — 500 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). ML = 500. only low-sugar and similar low calorie or sugar-free products, mermeladas. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 4.2.5.3 Other similar fruit or vegetable spreads — several limitsPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). (1) ML 1000: other fruit-based spreads, mermeladas; (2) ML 1500: only marmelada. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 4.2.5.3 Other similar fruit or vegetable spreads — several limitsPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). (1) ML 500: other fruit-based spreads, mermeladas; (2) ML 1000: only dulce de membrillo. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 5.2 Other confectionery including breath refreshening microsweets — 1,500 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–219: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates; p-hydroxybenzoates (SA + BA + PHB). ML = 1500. except candied, crystallized or glacé fruit and vegetables. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid. Note (5): E 214-219: p-hydroxybenzoates (PHB), maximum 300 mg/kg.
  • 5.2 Other confectionery including breath refreshening microsweets — 1,000 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 1000. only candied, crystallized or glacé fruit and vegetables. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 5.3 Chewing gum — 1,500 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 1500. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 5.4 Decorations, coatings and fillings, except fruit based fillings covered by category 4.2.4 — 1,500 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–219: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates; p-hydroxybenzoates (SA + BA + PHB). ML = 1500. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid. Note (5): E 214-219: p-hydroxybenzoates (PHB), maximum 300 mg/kg.
  • 8.3.1 Non-heat-treated meat products — quantum satisPermitted as a member of E 200–219: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates; p-hydroxybenzoates (SA + BA + PHB). quantum satis. only surface treatment of dried meat products. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 8.3.2 Heat-treated meat products — quantum satisPermitted as a member of E 200–219: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates; p-hydroxybenzoates (SA + BA + PHB). quantum satis. only surface treatment of dried meat products. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 8.3.2 Heat-treated meat products — 500 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). ML = 500. only aspic. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including mollusks and crustaceans — several limitsPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). (1) ML 200: only salted, dried fish; (2) ML 2000: only semi-preserved fish and fisheries products including crustaceans, molluscs, surimi and fish/crustacean paste; cooked crustaceans and molluscs; (3) ML 6000: only cooked Crangon crangon and Crangon vulgaris. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including mollusks and crustaceans — several limitsPermitted as a member of E 210–213: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA). (1) ML 1000: only cooked crustaceans and molluscs; (2) ML 1500: only cooked shrimps in brine. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
  • 9.3 Fish roe — 2,000 mg/kg or mg/lPermitted as a member of E 200–213: Sorbic acid — sorbates; Benzoic acid — benzoates (SA + BA). ML = 2000. only semi-preserved fish products including fish roe products. Note (1): The additives may be added individually or in combination. Note (2): The maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid.
Assimilated Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, Annex II (as at 28 June 2024)and 42 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-18
JapanConsumer Affairs AgencyPermitted, with conditions
Designated additive: Appended Table 1, item 42, 安息香酸 (“Benzoic Acid” in the unofficial English translation). …

Designated additive: Appended Table 1, item 42, 安息香酸 (“Benzoic Acid” in the unofficial English translation). Standards for use — Specifications and Standards for Foods, Food Additives, etc. (MHW Notification No. 370 of 1959), Part II (Food Additives), F (Standards for use), entry 安息香酸: (1) [may be used only in the foods stated] “安息香酸は、キャビア、マーガリン、清涼飲料水、シロップ及びしょう油以外の食品に使用してはならない。” (2) [sets maximum levels of use for the foods stated] “安息香酸の使用量は、安息香酸として、キャビアにあってはその1kgにつき2.5g以下、マーガリンにあってはその1kgにつき1.0g(ソルビン酸、ソルビン酸カリウム、ソルビン酸カルシウム又はこれらのいずれかを含む製剤を併用する場合には、安息香酸としての使用量及びソルビン酸としての使用量の合計量が1.0g)以下、清涼飲料水、シロップ及びしょう油にあってはその1kgにつき0.60g以下でなければならない。” The Japanese is the standard as published. There is no official English translation of the Notification; the English in square brackets is this site’s description of what each sentence does, not a translation of the foods or the levels. Compositional specifications for this additive, in the same Notification, are not imported and are not shown here; nor are the general rules in F 添加物一般, which apply to every additive.

Regulations for Enforcement of the Food Sanitation Act (MHW Ordinance No. 23 of 1948), Appended Table 1retrieved 2026-10-18
South KoreaMinistry of Food and Drug SafetyPermitted, with conditions
Designated food additive: Standards and Specifications for Food Additives, Part III, 1. …

Designated food additive: Standards and Specifications for Food Additives, Part III, 1. 일반식품첨가물 (general food additives), 안식향산 (“Benzoic Acid”, the English the Code prints beside it). Main use (주용도) of 안식향산: 보존료. Standard for use (사용기준) of 안식향산: (1) [may be used only in the foods listed; sets a limit on the amount used] “안식향산은 아래의 식품에 한하여 사용하여야 한다. 안식향산의 사용량은 안식향산으로서 1. 과일·채소류음료(비가열제품 제외) ∶0.6g/kg 이하(다만, 농축과일즙, 과·채주스의 경우 소브산, 소브산칼륨 또는 소브산칼슘과 병용할 때에는 안식향산으로서 사용량과 소브산으로서 사용량의 합계가 1.0g/kg 이하이어야 하며, 그 중 안식향산으로서의 사용량은 0.6g/kg 이하) 2. 탄산음료 : 0.6g/kg 이하(소브산, 소브산칼륨 또는 소브산칼슘과 병용할 때에는 안식향산으로서 사용량과 소브산으로서 사용량의 합계가 0.6g/kg 이하, 그 중 소브산으로서의 사용량은 0.5g/kg 이하) 3. 기타음료(분말제품 제외), 인삼․홍삼음료 ∶0.6g/kg 이하(파라옥시안식향산에틸 또는 파라옥시안식향산메틸과 병용할 때에는 안식향산으로서 사용량과 파라옥시안식향산으로서 사용량의 합계가 0.6g/kg 이하이어야 하며, 그 중 파라옥시안식향산으로서의 사용량은 0.1g/kg 이하) 4. 한식간장, 양조간장, 산분해간장, 효소분해간장, 혼합간장 ∶0.6g/kg 이하(파라옥시안식향산에틸 또는 파라옥시안식향산메틸과 병용할 때에는 안식향산으로서 사용량과 파라옥시안식향산으로서 사용량의 합계가 0.6g/kg 이하이어야 하며, 그 중 파라옥시안식향산으로서의 사용량은 0.25g/kg 이하) 5. 알로에 겔 건강기능식품(단, 두 가지 이상의 건강기능식품원료를 사용하는 경우에는 사용된 알로에 겔 건강기능식품 성분의 배합비율을 적용)∶0.5g/kg 이하(소브산, 소브산칼륨 또는 소브산칼슘과 병용할 때에는 안식향산으로서 사용량과 소브산으로서 사용량의 합계가 1.5g/kg 이하이어야 하며, 그 중 소브산으로서의 사용량은 1.0g/kg 이하) 6. 잼류∶1.0g/kg 이하(소브산, 소브산칼륨, 소브산칼슘, 파라옥시안식향산메틸, 파라옥시안식향산에틸, 프로피온산, 프로피온산나트륨 또는 프로피온산칼슘과 병용할 때에는 안식향산으로서 사용량, 소브산으로서 사용량, 파라옥시안식향산으로서 사용량 및 프로피온산으로서 사용량의 합계가 1.0g/kg 이하) 7. 망고처트니 : 0.25g/kg 이하(파라옥시안식향산메틸 또는 파라옥시안식향산에틸과 병용할 때에는 안식향산으로서 사용량과 파라옥시안식향산으로서 사용량의 합계가 0.25g/kg 이하) 8. 마가린：1.0g/kg 이하(소브산, 소브산칼륨 또는 소브산칼슘과 병용할 때에는 안식향산으로서 사용량과 소브산으로서 사용량의 합계가 2.0g/kg 이하이며, 그 중 안식향산으로서의 사용량은 1.0g/kg 이하임) 9. 절임식품, 마요네즈 : 1.0g/kg 이하(소브산, 소브산칼륨 또는 소브산칼슘과 병용할 때에는 안식향산으로서 사용량과 소브산으로서 사용량의 합계가 1.5g/kg 이하이어야 하며, 그 중 소브산으로서의 사용량은 1.0g/kg 이하)” The Korean is the standard as published. There is no official English translation of the current Code (the English version on MFDS’s website is the 2020 edition and has no legal effect); the English in square brackets is this site’s description of what each sentence does, not a translation of the foods or the levels. Compositional specifications (Part IV) are not imported, nor are the general standards in Part II, which apply to every additive.

Standards and Specifications for Food Additives (식품첨가물의 기준 및 규격), MFDS Notification, Part III (Standards for use, by item)retrieved 2026-10-18
United StatesFood and Drug AdministrationPermitted21 CFR 184.1021retrieved 2026-10-17
Codex AlimentariusCodex Alimentarius Commission / JECFAPermitted, with conditions

62 food categories

highest permitted level 5,000 mg/kg

Show every food category and its notes
  • 01.1.4 Flavoured Fluid Milk Drinks — 300 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note 457 For use in flavoured fermented products, heat treated after fermentation, conforming to the Standard for Fermented Milks (CXS 243-2003) only.
  • 01.7 Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt) — 300 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note 614 Except for use in products conforming to the Standard for Fermented Milks (CXS243-2003): for use in flavoured fermented products, heat treated after fermentation.
  • 02.2.2 Fat spreads, dairy fat spreads and blended spreads — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note 529 For use in products conforming to the Standard for Fat Spreads and Blended Spreads (CXS 256-2007); if benzoates and sorbates are used in combination, the combined use shall not exceed 2000 mg/kg of which the benzoic acid portion shall not exceed 1000 mg/kg.
    • Note XS253 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Dairy Fat Spreads (CXS 253-2006).
  • 02.3 Fat emulsions mainly of type oil-in-water, including mixed and/or flavoured products based on fat emulsions — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 02.4 Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7 — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 04.1.2.10 Fermented fruit products — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 04.1.2.11 Fruit fillings for pastries — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 04.1.2.12 Cooked fruit — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 04.1.2.2 Dried fruit — 800 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 04.1.2.3 Fruit in vinegar, oil, or brine — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 04.1.2.5 — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 04.1.2.6 Fruit-based spreads (e.g. chutney) excluding products of food category — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note 568 Except for use in products conforming to the Standard for Mango Chutney (CXS 160-1987): Sodium benzoate (INS 211) and Potassium benzoate (INS 212) only at 250 mg/kg, singly or in combination.
  • 04.1.2.7 Candied fruit — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 04.1.2.8 Fruit preparations, including pulp, purees, fruit toppings and coconut milk — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note XS314R Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Date Paste (CODEX STAN 314R-2013).
  • 04.1.2.9 Fruit-based desserts, incl. fruit-flavoured water-based desserts — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 04.2.2.2 Dried vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweeds, and nuts and seeds — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note XS323R Excluding products conforming to the Regional Standard for Laver Products (CXS 323R-2017).
    • Note XS336R Excluding products conforming to the Regional Standard for kava products for use as a beverage when mixed with water (North America and South West Pacific) (CXS 336R-2020).
  • 04.2.2.3 Vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), and seaweeds in vinegar, oil, brine, or soybean sauce — 2,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 04.2.2.5 Vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweed, and nut and seed purees and spreads (e.g. peanut butter) — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note XS57 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Processed Tomato Concentrates (CODEX STAN 57-1981).
  • 04.2.2.6 Vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweed, and nut and seed pulps and preparations (e.g. vegetable desserts and sauces, candied vegetables) other than food category 04.2.2.5 — 3,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note XS57 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Processed Tomato Concentrates (CODEX STAN 57-1981).
    • Note XS259R Excluding products conforming to the Codex Regional Standard for Tehena (CODEX STAN 259R-2007).
    • Note XS308R Excluding products conforming to the Regional Standard for Harissa (Red Hot Pepper Paste) (CXS 308R-2011).
  • 04.2.2.7 Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1, — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note XS294 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Gochujang (CXS 294-2009).
  • 04.2.2.8 Cooked or fried vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), and seaweeds — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note XS323R Excluding products conforming to the Regional Standard for Laver Products (CXS 323R-2017).
    • Note XS334R Excluding products conforming to the Regional Standard for fermented cooked Cassava-based products (Africa) (CXS 334R-2020).
  • 05.1.3 Cocoa-based spreads, incl. fillings — 1,500 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note XS86 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Cocoa Butter (CODEX STAN 86-1981).
  • 05.1.5 Imitation chocolate, chocolate substitute products — 1,500 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 05.2 Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougats, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3, and 05.4 — 1,500 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note XS309R Excluding products conforming to the Codex Regional Standard for Halawa Tehenia (CODEX STAN 309R-211).
  • 05.3 Chewing gum — 1,500 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 05.4 Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit), and sweet sauces — 1,500 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 06.4.3 Pre-cooked pastas and noodles and like products — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note XS249 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Instant Noodles (CXS 249-2006).
  • 06.5 Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding) — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 07.0 Bakery wares — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 08.2.1.2 Cured (including salted) and dried non-heat treated processed meat, poultry, and game products in whole pieces or cuts — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 3 For use in surface treatment only.
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 08.3.1.2 Cured (including salted) and dried non-heat treated processed comminuted meat, poultry, and game products — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 3 For use in surface treatment only.
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 09.2.4.2 Cooked molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms — 2,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note 82 Except for use in shrimp (Crangon crangon and Crangon vulgaris) at 6 000 mg/kg.
  • 09.2.5 Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms — 200 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note 121 Except for use in fermented fish products at 1 000 mg/kg.
    • Note 333 In foods conforming to the Standard for Smoked Fish, Smoke-Flavoured Fish and SmokeDried Fish (CODEX STAN 311-2013), for use in reduced oxygen packaged products in smoked fish and smoke-flavoured fish products only.
    • Note XS167 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Salted Fish and Dried Salted Fish of the Gadidae Family of Fishes (CODEX STAN 167-1989).
    • Note XS189 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Dried Shark Fins (CODEX STAN 189-1993).
    • Note XS222 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Crackers from Marine and Freshwater Fish, Crustaceans and Molluscan Shellfish (CODEX STAN 222-2001).
    • Note XS236 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Boiled Dried Salted Anchovies (CODEX STAN 236-2003).
  • 09.3 Semi-preserved fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms — 2,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note 120 Except for use in caviar substitutes at 2 500 mg/kg.
    • Note XS291 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Sturgeon Caviar (CODEX STAN 291-2010).
  • 10.2.1 Liquid egg products — 5,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 10.4 Egg-based desserts (e.g. custard) — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 11.4 Other sugars and syrups (e.g. xylose, maple syrup, sugar toppings) — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 11.6 Table-top sweeteners, including those containing high-intensity sweeteners — 2,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 12.2.2 Seasonings and condiments — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 12.3 Vinegars — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 12.4 Mustards — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 12.5 Soups and broths — 500 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note 338 For use in products conforming to the Codex Standard for Bouillons and Consommés (CODEX STAN 117-1981) singly or in combination: sorbic acid (INS 200), potassium sorbate (INS 202), calcium sorbate (INS 203), benzoic acid (INS 210), sodium benzoate (INS 211), potassium benzoate (INS 212), and calcium benzoate (INS 213) at 500 mg/kg as sorbic acid (INS 200-203) or as benzoic acid (INS 210-213).
    • Note 339 Excluding use for canned bouillons and consommés.
  • 12.6 Sauces and like products — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 12.7 Salads (e.g. macaroni salad, potato salad) and sandwich spreads excluding cocoa-and nut-based spreads of food categories 04.2.2.5 and 05.1.3 — 1,500 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 12.9.1 Fermented soybean paste (e.g. miso) — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 12.9.2 Soybean sauce — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 13.3 Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes (excluding products of food category 13.1) — 1,500 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note 566 Excluding products conforming to the Guidelines for Ready to Use Therapeutic Foods (CXG 95-2022).
  • 13.4 Dietetic formulae for slimming purposes and weight reduction — 1,500 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 13.5 Dietetic foods (e.g. supplementary foods for dietary use) excluding products of food categories — 2,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 13.6 Food supplements — 2,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 14.1.2.1 Fruit juice — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note 91 Singly or in combination: Benzoates and sorbates.
    • Note 122 Subject to national legislation of the importing country.
    • Note XS356R Excluding products conforming to the Regional Standard for Fermented Noni Fruit Juice (CXS 356R-2023).
  • 14.1.2.3 Concentrates for fruit juice — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note 91 Singly or in combination: Benzoates and sorbates.
    • Note 122 Subject to national legislation of the importing country.
    • Note 127 On the served to the consumer basis.
  • 14.1.3.1 Fruit nectar — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note 91 Singly or in combination: Benzoates and sorbates.
    • Note 122 Subject to national legislation of the importing country.
  • 14.1.3.3 Concentrates for fruit nectar — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note 91 Singly or in combination: Benzoates and sorbates.
    • Note 122 Subject to national legislation of the importing country.
    • Note 127 On the served to the consumer basis.
  • 14.1.3.4 Concentrates for vegetable nectar — 600 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 14.1.4 Water-based flavoured drinks, including "sport," “energy,” or "electrolyte" drinks and particulated drinks — 250 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 14.1.5 Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 14.2.2 Cider and perry — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
    • Note 124 For use in products containing less than 7% ethanol only.
  • 14.2.4 Wines (other than grape) — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 14.2.5 Mead — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 14.2.7 Aromatized alcoholic beverages (e.g. beer, wine and spirituous cooler-type beverages, low-alcoholic refreshers) — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
  • 15.1 Snacks - potato, cereal, flour or starch based (from roots and tubers, pulses and legumes) — 1,000 mg/kg
    • Note 13 As benzoic acid.
CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 210and 61 further provisionsretrieved 2026-09-07

How much is permitted

A listing usually limits the quantity as well as the food. Only one of the forms that takes is a figure: quantum satis and good manufacturing practice permit the amount the technological effect requires and no more, which is a limit rather than the absence of one. Figures below are the range across every food category this page is listed in, and categories differ between regulators — see how much is permitted.

Australia and New Zealand400 mg/kg – 9,000 mg/kg24 numeric limit, 1 GMP
Canada—1 GMP, 5 no quantity stated
European Union150 mg/kg – 5,000 mg/kg41 numeric limit, 2 quantum satis, 1 no quantity stated
Great Britain150 mg/kg – 5,000 mg/kg33 numeric limit, 8 several limits, 2 quantum satis
Japan—1 no quantity stated
South Korea—1 no quantity stated
United States—1 no quantity stated
Codex Alimentarius200 mg/kg – 5,000 mg/kg62 numeric limit

What it is made from

Produced industrially by oxidising toluene, a petroleum feedstock. The naturally occurring form in fruit is chemically identical but is not the commercial source.

  • Vegan
  • Vegetarian

Compare other additives on the dietary indexes.

CAS registry number
65-85-0
InChIKey
WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem
CID 243

The two specifications, compared

The European Union sets identity and purity by regulation; JECFA publishes its own through FAO, advisory until a country adopts it. Both documents are below in full. These are the parameters each puts a number on.

ParameterEuropean UnionJECFA
Assayno less than 99.5 %—
Loss on dryingno more than 0.5 %—
Sulphated ashno more than 0.05 %—
Leadno more than 2 mg/kgno more than 2 mg/kg
Arsenicno more than 3 mg/kg—
Mercuryno more than 1 mg/kg—

The two documents state the same figures for every parameter compared here.

How the EU defines it

The legal specification an additive must meet to be sold as this E number in the EU — what it is, how it may be made, and the purity it must reach. From Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012.

E 210 Benzoic acid

Assay, identification and purity criteria

Description and assay

Einecs
200-618-2
Chemical name
Benzoic acid; Benzenecarboxylic acid; Phenylcarboxylic acid
Chemical formula
C₇H₆O₂
Molecular weight
122,12
Assay
Content not less than 99,5 % on the anhydrous basis
Description
White crystalline powder

Identification

Melting range
121,5 °C -123,5 °C
Sublimation test
Passes test
Test for benzoate
Passes test
pH
About 4 (solution in water)

Purity criteria

Loss on drying
Not more than 0,5 % (3 hours, over sulphuric acid)
Sulphated ash
Not more than 0,05 %
Chlorinated organic compounds
Not more than 0,07 % expressed as chloride corresponding to 0,3 % expressed as monochlorobenzoic acid
Readily oxidisable substances
Add 1,5 ml of sulphuric acid to 100 ml of water, heat to boiling point and add 0,1 N KMnO₄ in drops, until the pink colour persists for 30 seconds. Dissolve 1 g of the sample, weighed to the nearest mg, in the heated solution, and titrate with 0,1 N KMnO₄ to a pink colour that persists for 15 seconds. Not more than 0,5 ml should be required
Readily carbonisable substances
A cold solution of 0,5 g of benzoic acid in 5 ml of 94,5 to 95,5 % sulphuric acid must not show a stronger colouring than that of a reference liquid containing 0,2 ml of cobalt chloride TSC, 0,3 ml of ferric chloride TSC, 0,1 ml of copper sulphate TSC and 4,4 ml of water
Polycyclic acids
On fractional acidification of a neutralised solution of benzoic acid, the first precipitate must not have a different melting point from that of the benzoic acid
Arsenic
Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead
Not more than 2 mg/kg
Mercury
Not more than 1 mg/kg Cobalt chloride TSC: dissolve approximately 65 g of cobalt chloride CoCl₂·6H₂O in a sufficient quantity of a mixture of 25 ml hydrochloric acid and 975 ml of water to give a total volume of 1 litre. Place exactly 5 ml of this solution in a round-bottomed flask containing 250 ml of iodine solution, add 5 ml of 3 % hydrogen peroxide, then 15 ml of a 20 % solution of sodium hydroxide. Boil for 10 minutes, allow to cool, add 2 g of potassium iodide and 20 ml of 25 % sulphuric acid. After the precipitate is completely dissolved, titrate the liberated iodine with sodium thiosulphate (0,1 N) in the presence of starch TS. 1 ml of sodium thiosulphate (0,1 N) corresponds to 23,80 mg of CoCl₂·6H₂O. Adjust final volume of solution by the addition of a sufficient quantity of the hydrochloric acid/water mixture to give a solution containing 59,5 mg of CoCl₂·6H₂O per ml. Ferric chloride TSC: dissolve approximately 55 g of ferric chloride in a sufficient quantity of a mixture of 25 ml of hydrochloric acid and 975 ml of water to give a total volume of 1 litre. Place 10 ml of this solution in a round-bottomed flask containing 250 ml of iodine solution, add 15 ml of water and 3 g of potassium iodide; leave the mixture to stand for 15 minutes. Dilute with 100 ml of water then titrate the liberated iodine with sodium thiosulphate (0,1 N) in the presence of starch TS. 1 ml of sodium thiosulphate (0,1 N) corresponds to 27,03 mg of FeCl₃·6H₂O. Adjust final volume of solution by the addition of a sufficient quantity of the hydrochloric acid/water to give a solution containing 45,0 mg of FeCl₃·6H₂O per ml. Copper sulphate TSC: dissolve approximate by 65 g of copper sulphate CuSO₄·5H₂O in a sufficient quantity of a mixture of 25 ml of hydrochloric acid and 975 ml of water to give a total volume of 1 litre. Place 10 ml of this solution in a round-bottomed flask containing 250 ml of iodine solution, add 40 ml of water, 4 ml of acetic acid and 3 g of potassium iodide. Titrate the liberated iodine with sodium thiosulphate (0,1 N) in the presence of starch TS. 1 ml of sodium thiosulphate (0,1 N) corresponds to 24,97 mg of CuSO₄·5H₂O. Adjust final volume of solution by the addition of a sufficient quantity of the hydrochloric acid/water mixture to give a solution containing 62,4 mg of CuSO₄·5H₂O per ml. Starch TS: triturate 0,5 g starch (potato starch, maize starch or soluable starch) with 5 ml of water; to the resulting paste add a sufficient quantity of water to give a total volume of 100 ml, stirring all the time. Boil for a few minutes, allow to cool, filter. The starch must be freshly prepared.

Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012, Annex, E 210

How JECFA defines it

The international specification for identity and purity, prepared by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives and published by FAO. It is a different document from any above, written by a different body and revised on its own cycle; it is advisory, and a country adopts it or does not.

INS 210 Benzoic Acid

Assay, identification and purity criteria

Description and assay

Specification history
2 out of 4 Prepared at the 92nd JECFA (2021) published in FAO JECFA MONOGRAPHS 27 (2021) superseding specifications prepared at the 46th JECFA (1996), published in FNP 52 Add 4 (1996). Metals and arsenic specifications were revised at the 63rd JECFA (2004). A group ADI of 0- 5 mg/kg bw for benzoic acid and its calcium, potassium and sodium salts, expressed as benzoic acid, was established at the 27th JECFA (1996). Benzyl alcohol was evaluated at the twenty-third and forty-sixth meetings (Annex 1, references 50 and 122); benzyl acetate was evaluated at the eleventh, twenty-seventh, twenty-ninth, thirty-first, thirty-fifth, forty-first, and forty- sixth meetings (Annex 1, references 14, 62, 70, 77, 88, 107, and 122); benzyl benzoate was evaluated at the fifteenth and forty-sixth meetings (Annex 1, references 26 and 122); benzaldehyde was evaluated at the eleventh and forty-sixth meetings (Annex 1, references 14 and 122); and benzoic acid was evaluated at the sixth, ninth, seventeenth, twenty - seventh, and forty-sixth meetings (Annex 1, references 6, 11, 32, 62, and 122). At its forty-sixth meeting, the Committee evaluated the five benzyl derivatives as a group and maintained the group ADI of 0 - 5 mg/kg bw as benzoic acid equivalents (Annex 1, reference 122). At its nighty-second meeting the group ADI of 0 – 5 mg/kg bw was withdrawn and re- established to 0 - 20 mg/kg bw for benzoic acid, its salts (calcium, potassium and sodium), benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate, expressed as benzoic acid equivalents (2021).
SYNONYMS DEFINITION Chemical names C.A.S. number Chemical formula Structural formula
Benzenecarboxylic acid, phenylcarboxylic acid, INS No. 210 Benzoic acid 65-85-0 C 7 H 6 O 2
Formula weight Assay DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONAL USES Solubility (Vol. 4) Melting range (Vol. 4) Test for benzoate (Vol. 4) pH (Vol. 4) Loss on drying (Vol. 4) Sublimation test
122.12 Not less than 99.5% on the dried basis White crystalline solid, usually in the form of scales or needles Antimicrobial preservative 3 out of 4 Slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol 121 - 123˚ Passes test Use 0.1 g of the sample with 0.1 g of calcium carbonate and 5 ml of water About 4.0 (solution in water) Not more than 0.5% (over sulfuric acid, 3 h) Place a small amount of the sample in a dry test tube. Wrap the test tube about 4 cm from the bottom with moistened filter paper. Heat the test tube over a low flame. Benzoic acid sublimes and crystals deposit in the colder part of the test tube leaving no residue at the bottom.
METHOD OF ASSAY
Weigh, to the nearest mg, 2.5 g of the dried sample. Dissolve in 15 ml of warm ethanol previously neutralized using phenol red TS as indicator. Add 4 out of 4 20 ml of water and titrate with 0.5 N sodium hydroxide, using phenolphthalein TS as indicator. Each ml of 0.5 N sodium hydroxide is equivalent to 61.06 mg of C 7 H 6 O 2 .

Purity criteria

Sulfated ash (Vol. 4) Readily carbonizable substances (Vol. 4)
Not more than 0.05% Passes test Dissolve 0.5 g of the sample, weighed to the nearest mg, in 5 ml of sulfuric acid TS. The colour produced should not be darker than a light pink (“Matching Fluid Q”).
Chlorinated organic compounds (Vol. 4)
Not more than 0.07% (as Cl 2 ) Test 0.25 g of the sample dissolved in 10 ml of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, using 0.5 ml of 0.01 N hydrochloric acid in the control.
Readily oxidizable substances
Passes test Add 1.5 ml of sulfuric acid to 100 ml of water, heat to boiling and add 0.1 N potassium permanganate in drops, until the pink colour persists for 30 sec. Dissolve 1 g of the sample, weighed to the nearest mg, in the heated solution, and titrate with 0.1 N potassium permanganate to a pink colour that persists for 15 sec. Not more than 0.5 ml should be required.
Lead (Vol. 4)
Not more than 2 mg/kg Determine using a method appropriate to the specified level. The selection of sample size and method of sample preparation may be based on the principles of the method described in Volume 4, “Instrumental Methods.”

FAO JECFA Monograph 27 (2021)

Authorised in other additives, enzymes, flavourings and nutrients

These authorisations are not for use in food. They let this substance be used inside another additive, a food enzyme, a flavouring or a nutrient preparation — often as a carrier — and it reaches food only as part of that product. Annex III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008.

PartMay be used inMaximum levelCitation
Annex III, Part 2: Food additives other than carriers in food additivesColour preparationsNote (1): Except enzymes authorised as food additives.1 500 mg/kg singly or in combination in the preparation 15 mg/kg in the final product expressed as the free acidRegulation (EC) No 1333/2008, Annex III, Part 2
Annex III, Part 3: Food additives including carriers in food enzymesFood enzymesNote (1): Including enzymes authorised as food additives.In enzyme preparation: 5 000 mg/kg (singly or in combination expressed as the free acid); 12 000 mg/kg in rennet In final food except beverages: 1,7 mg/kg; 5 mg/kg in cheese where rennet has been used In beverages: 0,85 mg/l; 2,5 mg/l in whey based beverages where rennet has been usedRegulation (EC) No 1333/2008, Annex III, Part 3
Annex III, Part 4: Food additives including carriers in food flavouringsAll flavourings1 500 mg/kg (singly or in combination expressed as the free acid) in flavouringsRegulation (EC) No 1333/2008, Annex III, Part 4

Every name it appears under

86 recorded names. A label may use any of them.

E number

  • E210

INS number

  • 210

CAS registry number

  • 65-85-0

As it appears in regulation

  • Benzoic acid

Other names

  • 8SKN0B0MIM
  • Acid, Benzoic
  • Acide benzoique
  • Acido benzoico
  • Acidum benzoicum
  • Aromatic carboxylic acid
  • Benzenecarboxylic acid
  • Benzeneformic acid
  • Benzenemethanoic acid
  • Benzenemethonic acid
  • Benzoate (VAN)
  • Benzoate, Potassium
  • BENZOATES
  • Benzoesaeure
  • Benzoesaeure GK
  • Benzoesaeure GV
  • Benzoic acid
  • Benzoic acid (e 210)
  • Benzoic acid (natural)
  • Benzoic acid (Standard)
  • Benzoic acid, tech.
  • Benzoic-1-13C acid
  • Benzoicum acidum
  • carboxybenzene
  • CAS-65-85-0
  • Caswell No. 081
  • CCRIS 1893
  • Diacylate
  • Diacylic acid
  • Dracylic acid
  • E 210
  • EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009101
  • Eyelids Wipes
  • FEMA No. 2131
  • HA 1 (acid)
  • HSDB 704
  • hydron;benzoate
  • INS NO.210
  • INS-210
  • Kyselina benzoova
  • Menno-florades
  • Oracylic acid
  • Phenyl carboxylic acid
  • phenylcarboxylic acid
  • phenylformic acid
  • Provita
  • Provita Combat
  • Provita Equiband
  • Retarder BA
  • Retardex
  • Rheumatism Diarrhea
  • Salvo liquid
  • Salvo powder
  • Sodium benzoic acid
  • Solvo powder
  • Tenn-Plas
  • Tennplas
  • Unisept BZA
  • Vevovitall
  • Whitfield's

Systematic names

  • Benzoic acid

Hazard reference values

The two committees set different figures. EFSA's acceptable daily intake is 5 mg/kg bw/day (2016); JECFA's is 20 mg/kg bw/day (2021). An acceptable daily intake is a reference value set by a committee, not a threshold above which harm begins. The lower figure is not a finding that the other body was wrong: the two work to different terms of reference, on their own timetables, and sometimes from different data. This site states both and chooses between them nowhere. See where the two committees differ.

Values set by assessing bodies. A body that has not set a value is not listed here.
TypeValuePopulationAssessed byOpinion
ADI5 mg/kg bw/dayconsumersEFSA ANS2016
ADI5 mg/kg bw/dayconsumersEFSA FEEDAP2005
TDI5 mg/kg bw/dayconsumersEFSA CEF2009
group ADI20 mg/kg bw/day—JECFA2021

Evidence and how bodies read it

What assessing bodies concluded

Each conclusion is paraphrased in the body's own framing, from the published opinion linked beneath it. Where bodies differ, both stand; this site does not adjudicate between them or add a view of its own.

  1. EFSA 2016

    The ANS Panel concluded that benzoic acid and its salts (E 210–E 213) do not raise genotoxicity concern and showed no carcinogenic potential, and derived a group ADI of 5 mg/kg bw/day (as benzoic acid). It found the ADI could be exceeded by toddlers and children, particularly regular consumers of flavoured drinks, and more widely when carry-over was considered.

    Source document

Common questions

Assembled from what is above, in the words the questions are usually asked in. Each answer is the same statement the relevant section makes, with the same citations behind it.

What is E 210?
E 210 is Benzoic acid. Benzoic acid is a preservative effective against yeasts and moulds in acidic foods. It occurs naturally in cranberries, prunes and cinnamon, and is added to soft drinks, pickles and sauces.
What is Benzoic acid used for in food?
It is listed as a preservative — the role Canada, Codex and the US assign it. This page shows every function each regulator records, with the citation for each.
Where is Benzoic acid permitted?
Of the seven regulators this site reads, Australia and New Zealand, Canada, the EU, Great Britain, Japan, South Korea, the US and the Codex standard permit it. Each permission is for named foods at named levels, not a blanket one; the table on this page gives them with citations.
Is Benzoic acid vegan?
Yes. Benzoic acid is not derived from animals, and is suitable for vegetarians. This page says what it is made from and how.

Sources for this page

  • anz retrieved 2026-10-17
  • ca retrieved 2026-10-17
  • eu retrieved 2026-10-18
  • gb retrieved 2026-10-18
  • jp retrieved 2026-10-18
  • kr retrieved 2026-10-18
  • ecfr retrieved 2026-10-17
  • gsfa retrieved 2026-09-07
  • euspecs retrieved 2026-10-18
  • jecfaspecs retrieved 2026-09-23

Full licence terms and publisher details on Sources. How this page is built and updated: Method.

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