Erythritol

E number E968INS 968CAS 149-32-6

Listed as a sweetener by Canada, Codex and the EU.

Listed as sweeteners (CA, EU, Codex) · flavour enhancers (Codex) · humectants (Codex)
Chemical structure of Erythritol, from PubChem compound 222285
Structure from PubChem CID 222285 (National Library of Medicine, public domain). A depiction of one compound: where a listing covers a family, or a substance has no single structure, this page shows none.

Erythritol is a sugar alcohol about seventy percent as sweet as sugar. Unlike the other polyols it is absorbed and then excreted largely unchanged, so it contributes little energy and causes less digestive upset.

Where it is and isn’t permitted

Status of Erythritol by jurisdiction. Every jurisdiction this site covers is listed, including those where the substance does not appear.
JurisdictionStatusScope and limitsCitation
Australia and New ZealandFood Standards Australia New ZealandPermitted, with conditions

54 food categories

no numerical limit (good manufacturing practice)

Show every food category
  • 0 Preparations of food additives — GMP
  • 1.1.1 Liquid milk (including buttermilk) — GMPOnly UHT goats milk.
  • 1.1.2 Liquid milk products and flavoured liquid milk — GMP
  • 1.2.2 Fermented milk products and rennetted milk products — GMP
  • 1.3 Condensed milk and evaporated milk — GMP
  • 1.4.1 Cream, reduced cream and light cream — GMPOnly UHT creams and creams receiving equivalent or greater heat treatments.
  • 1.4.2 Cream products (flavoured, whipped, thickened, sour cream etc) — GMP
  • 1.5 Dried milk, milk powder, cream powder — GMP
  • 1.6 Cheese and cheese products — GMP
  • 10.2 Liquid egg products — GMP
  • 10.3 Frozen egg products — GMP
  • 10.4 Dried or heat coagulated egg products — GMP
  • 11.1.1 Rainbow sugar — GMP
  • 11.3.1 Dried honey — GMP
  • 11.4 Tabletop sweeteners — GMP
  • 12.1.2 Reduced sodium salt mixture — GMP
  • 12.1.3 Salt substitute — GMP
  • 12.5 Yeast and yeast products — GMP
  • 12.6 Vegetable protein products — GMP
  • 13.3 Formulated meal replacements and formulated supplementary foods — GMP
  • 13.4 Formulated supplementary sports foods — GMP
  • 13.5 Food for special medical purposes — GMP
  • 14.1.1.2 Carbonated, mineralised and soda waters — GMP
  • 14.1.2.1 Fruit and vegetable juices — GMPFor juice separated by other than mechanical means only.
  • 14.1.2.2 Fruit and vegetable juice products — GMP
  • 14.1.3 Water based flavoured drinks — GMP
  • 14.1.4 Formulated Beverages — GMP
  • 14.1.5 Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions and similar products — GMP
  • 14.2.3 Wine based drinks and reduced alcohol wines — GMP
  • 14.2.4.1 Fruit wine products and vegetable wine products — GMP
  • 14.2.5 Spirits and liqueurs — GMP
  • 14.3 Alcoholic beverages not included in item 14.2 — GMP
  • 2.1 Edible oils essentially free of water — GMP
  • 2.2.1.2 Butter products — GMP
  • 2.2.1.3 Margarine and similar products — GMP
  • 2.2.2 Oil emulsions (<80% oil) — GMP
  • 20 Foods not included in items 0 to 14 — GMP
  • 3 Ice cream and edible ices — GMP
  • 4.1.3 Fruits and vegetables that are peeled, cut, or both peeled and cut — GMP
  • 4.3 Processed fruits and vegetables — GMP
  • 5.1 Chocolate and cocoa products — GMP
  • 5.2 Sugar confectionery — GMP
  • 5.4 Icings and frostings — GMP
  • 6.3 Processed cereal and meal products — GMP
  • 6.4 Flour products (including noodles and pasta) — GMP
  • 7 Breads and bakery products — GMP
  • 8.2 Processed meat, poultry and game products in whole cuts or pieces — GMP
  • 8.3 Processed comminuted meat, poultry and game products, other than products listed in item 8.3.2 — GMP
  • 8.3.2 Sausage and sausage meat containing raw, unprocessed meat — GMP
  • 8.4 Edible casings — GMP
  • 8.5 Animal protein products — GMP
  • 9.2 Processed fish and fish products — GMP
  • 9.3 Semi preserved fish and fish products — GMP
  • 9.4 Fully preserved fish including canned fish products — GMP
Food Standards Code, Schedule 15, S15—5and 53 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-17
CanadaHealth CanadaPermitted, with conditions

highest permitted level 5,100 %

21 permitted uses

Show every permitted use
  • In: Chewing gum. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 75%. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(a)
  • In: Coatings for ready-to-eat breakfast cereals; Ready-to-eat breakfast cereals. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 30% in the coating. The total amount of erythritol not to exceed 11.6% in the ready-to-eat breakfast cereal. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0194. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(b)
  • In: Cream fillings; Custard fillings; Fruit fillings; Puddings. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 10%. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(c)
  • In: Dietetic beverages. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 3.5%. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(d)
  • In: Dietetic cookies; Dietetic wafers. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 7%. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(e)
  • In: Fat-based cream fillings; Fat-based cream toppings. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 60%. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(f)
  • In: Food thickener products. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 2.0%. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0111. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(g)
  • In: Fruit-based smoothie beverages; Yogurt. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 7%. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(h)
  • In: Hard candies. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 99%. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(i)
  • In: Meal replacement dry beverage mixes. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 5,100 ppm in the beverage as consumed. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0093. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(j)
  • In: Non-alcoholic carbonated water-based fruit-flavoured and sweetened beverages, except cola type beverages. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 1.5%. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0067. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(k)
  • In: Nutritional supplement bars; Nutritional supplement pre-cooked (instant) breakfast cereals. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 300 ppm. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0093. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(l)
  • In: Nutritional supplement dry beverage mixes. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 300 ppm in the beverage as consumed. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0093. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(m)
  • In: Soft candies. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 40%. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(n)
  • In: Syrups; Toppings. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 15%. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(o)
  • In: Table-top sweeteners. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: Good Manufacturing Practice. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(p)
  • In: Unstandardized alcoholic beverages. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 3.5%. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(q)
  • In: Unstandardized bakery products. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 10%. Amendment notices: NOM/ADM-0210. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(r)
  • In: Unstandardized dairy-based beverages. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 2.5%. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(s)
  • In: Unstandardized frozen desserts. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 5%. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(t)
  • In: Unstandardized fruit spreads. Purpose: Sweetener. Limit: 14%. — Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9), item E.1(u)
Health Canada, List of Permitted Sweeteners (List 9)and 20 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-17
European UnionEuropean Commission / EFSAPermitted, with conditions

95 food categories

highest permitted level 16,000 mg/l

Show every food category
  • 1.3 unflavoured fermented milk products heat-treated after fermentation — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 1.4 flavoured fermented milk products including heat-treated products — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 1.4 flavoured fermented milk products including heat-treated products — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced products or with no added sugar.
  • 1.6.3 other creams — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 1.7.1 unripened cheese excluding products falling in category 16Permitted as a member of Group I, Additives. except mozzarella.
  • 1.7.5 processed cheese — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML =10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid;E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressedas guanylic acid.
  • 1.7.6 cheese products (excluding products falling in category 16) — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 1.8 Dairy analogues, including beverage whiteners — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 10.2 processed eggs and egg products — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML =10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid;E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressedas guanylic acid.
  • 11.2 Other sugars and syrups — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 11.4.1 table-top sweeteners in liquid form — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 11.4.2 table-top sweeteners in powder form — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 11.4.3 table-top sweeteners in tablets — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 12.1.2 salt substitutes — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 12.2.2 Seasonings and condiments — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 12.3 Vinegars and diluted acetic acid (diluted with water to 4-30 % by volume) — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 12.4 Mustard — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 12.4 Mustard — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 12.5 Soups and broths — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 12.6 Sauces — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 12.6 Sauces — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 12.7 Salads and savoury-based sandwich spreads — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 12.8 Yeast and yeast products — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 12.9 Protein products excluding products covered in category 1 8 — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 13.2 Foods for special medical purposes as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 (excluding products from food category 13.1.5.) — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 13.2 Foods for special medical purposes as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 (excluding products from food category 13.1.5.) — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 13.3 Total diet replacement for weight control food as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 13.3 Total diet replacement for weight control food as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 14.1.2 Fruit juices as defined by Directive 2001/112/EC and vegetable juicesPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. only vegetable juices.
  • 14.1.3 Fruit nectars as defined by Directive 2001/112/EC and vegetable nectars and similar productsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. only vegetable nectars, E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 14.1.4 Flavoured_drinks — 16,000 mg/lML = 16000 mg/l. only energy-reduced or with no added sugars, as flavour enhancer only.
  • 14.1.4 Flavoured_drinksPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. E 420, E 421, E 953, E 965, E 966 and E 967 may not be used E 968 may not be used except where specifically provided for in this food category.
  • 14.1.5.2 otherPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. excluding unflavoured leaf tea; including flavoured instant coffee; E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used in drinks.
  • 14.2.3 Cider and perryPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 14.2.4 Fruit wine and made winePermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 14.2.5 MeadPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 14.2.6 Spirit drinks as defined in Regulation (EU) 2019/787Permitted as a member of Group I, Additives. except whisky or whiskey; E 420, E421, E 953, E 965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used except in liqueurs.
  • 14.2.7.1 Aromatised winesPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 14.2.7.2 Aromatised wine-based drinksPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 14.2.7.3 Aromatised wine-product cocktailsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 14.2.8 Other alcoholic beverages including mixtures of alcoholic beverages with non-alcoholic beverages and other alcoholic beverages based on distilled alcohol with alcoholic strength by volume less than 15 %Permitted as a member of Group I, Additives. E 420, E421, E 953, E 965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 15.1 Potato- cereal- flour- or starch-based snacks — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 15.2 Processed nuts — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 16 Desserts excluding products covered in category 1 3 and 4 — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 16 Desserts excluding products covered in category 1 3 and 4 — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 17.1 food supplements supplied in a solid form excluding food supplements for infants and young children’,Permitted as a member of Group I, Additives. E 410, E 412, E 415, E 417 and E 425 may not be used to produce dehydrated food supplements intended to rehydrate on ingestion.
  • 17.1 food supplements supplied in a solid form excluding food supplements for infants and young children’, — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 17.2 food supplements supplied in a liquid form excluding food supplements for Infants and young children — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 17.2 food supplements supplied in a liquid form excluding food supplements for Infants and young children — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 18 Processed foods not covered by categories 1 to 17 — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 18.1 Processed foods not covered by categories 18.2 and 18.3, excluding foods for infants and young children — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 18.2 Meal replacement for weight control as referred to in Commission Regulation (EU) No 432/2012 — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 18.2 Meal replacement for weight control as referred to in Commission Regulation (EU) No 432/2012 — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 18.3 Food specially produced to reduce the gluten content of gluten-containing ingredients or substitute the gluten-containing ingredientsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. Including dry pasta.
  • 18.3 Food specially produced to reduce the gluten content of gluten-containing ingredients or substitute the gluten-containing ingredients — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 2.2.2 Other fat and oil emulsions including spreads as defined by Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 and liquid emulsions — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 2.3 Vegetable oil pan spray — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 3 edible ices — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 3 edible ices — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 4.2.1 dried fruit and vegetablesPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. E 410, E 412, E 415 and E 417 may not be used to produce dehydrated foods intended to rehydrate on ingestion.
  • 4.2.2 fruit and vegetables in vinegar oil or brine — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 4.2.4.1 fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 4.2.4.1 fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar, with the exception of those intended for the manufacture of fruit-juice based drinks.
  • 4.2.5.1 Extra jam and extra jelly as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced jams, jellies, marmalades or with no added sugar.
  • 4.2.5.2 Jam, jellies and marmalades and sweetened chestnut puree as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 4.2.5.3 other similar fruit or vegetable spreads — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 4.2.5.4 nut butters and nut spreads — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 4.2.6 processed potato products — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 5.1 Cocoa and chocolate products as covered by Directive 2000/36/ECPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. only energy-reduced or with no added sugars.
  • 5.1 Cocoa and chocolate products as covered by Directive 2000/36/EC — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 5.2 Other confectionery including breath freshening micro-sweetsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. The substances listed under numbers E 400, E 401, E 402, E 403, E 404, E 406, E 407, 407a, E 410, E 412, E 413, E 414, E 415, E 417, E 418, E 425 and E 440 may not be used in jelly mini-cups, defined, for the purpose of this Regulation, as jelly confectionery of a firm consistence, contained in semi rigid mini-cups or mini-capsules, intended to be ingested in a single bite by exerting pressure on the mini-cups or mini-capsule to project the confectionery into the mouth; E 410, E 412, E 415 E 417 may not be used to produce dehydrated foods intended to rehydrate on ingestion. E425 may not be used in jelly confectionery.
  • 5.2 Other confectionery including breath freshening micro-sweets — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only with no added sugar.
  • 5.3 chewing gum — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 5.3 chewing gum — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only with no added sugar.
  • 5.4 Decorations, coatings and fillings, except fruit-based fillings covered by category 4.2.4 — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 5.4 Decorations, coatings and fillings, except fruit-based fillings covered by category 4.2.4 — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only decorations, coatings and fillings with not added sugar.
  • 6.2.2 starches — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 6.3 breakfast cereals — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 6.3 breakfast cereals — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only breakfast cereals or cereal-based products, energy reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 6.4.2 Dry pasta — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 6.4.4 Potato GnocchiPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. except fresh refrigerated potato gnocchi.
  • 6.4.5 fillings of stuffed pasta (ravioli and similar) — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 6.5 Noodles — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 6.6 Batters — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 6.7 pre-cooked or processed cereals — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 7.1 Bread and rollsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. except products in 7.1.1 and 7.1.2.
  • 7.2 Fine bakery wares — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 7.2 Fine bakery wares — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 8.3.1 Non-heat-treated processed meat — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 8.3.2 Heat-treated meat productsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. except foie gras, foie gras entier, blocs de foie gras, Libamáj, libamáj egészben, libamáj tömbben.
  • 8.3.3 Casings and coatings and decorations for meat — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 9.1.1 Unprocessed fish — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only frozen and deep-frozen unprocessed fish for purposes other than sweetening.
  • 9.1.2 Unprocessed molluscs and crustaceans — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV, Polyols. quantum satis. only frozen and deep-frozen unprocessed crustaceans, molluscs and cephalopods; for purposes other than sweetening.
  • 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. ML = quantum satis; except E 425 ML = 10000 mg/kg; E 620 to E 625, ML = 10000 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as glutamic acid; E 626 to E 635, ML = 500 mg/kg individually or in combination, expressed as guanylic acid.
  • 9.3 fish roePermitted as a member of Group I, Additives. only processed fish roe.
Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, Annex IIand 94 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-18
Great BritainFood Standards Agency / Food Standards ScotlandPermitted, with conditions

92 food categories

highest permitted level 16,000 mg/kg or mg/l

Show every food category
  • 1.3 Unflavoured fermented milk products, heat-treated after fermentation — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 1.4 Flavoured fermented milk products including heat-treated products — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 1.4 Flavoured fermented milk products including heat-treated products — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced products or with no added sugar.
  • 1.6.3 Other creams — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 1.7.1 Unripened cheese excluding products falling in category 16 — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). except mozzarella.
  • 1.7.5 Processed cheese — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 1.7.6 Cheese products (excluding products falling in category 16) — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 1.8 Dairy analogues, including beverage whiteners — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 10.2 Processed eggs and egg products — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 11.2 Other sugars and syrups — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 11.4.1 Table-top sweeteners in liquid form — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 11.4.2 Table-top sweeteners in powder form — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 11.4.3 Table-top sweeteners in tablets — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 12.1.2 Salt substitutes — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 12.2.2 Seasonings and condiments — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 12.3 Vinegars and diluted acetic acid (diluted with water to 4-30 % by volume) — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 12.4 Mustard — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 12.4 Mustard — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 12.5 Soups and broths — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 12.6 Sauces — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 12.6 Sauces — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 12.7 Salads and savoury based sandwich spreads — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 12.8 Yeast and yeast products — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 12.9 Protein products, excluding products covered in category 1.8 — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 13.2 Dietary foods for special medical purposes defined in Directive 1999/21/EC (excluding products from food category 13.1.5) — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 13.2 Dietary foods for special medical purposes defined in Directive 1999/21/EC (excluding products from food category 13.1.5) — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 13.3 Dietary foods for weight control diets intended to replace total daily food intake or an individual meal (the whole or part of the total daily diet) — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 13.3 Dietary foods for weight control diets intended to replace total daily food intake or an individual meal (the whole or part of the total daily diet) — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 13.4 Foods suitable for people intolerant to gluten as defined by Commission Regulation (EC) No 41/2009 — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). including dry pasta.
  • 13.4 Foods suitable for people intolerant to gluten as defined by Commission Regulation (EC) No 41/2009 — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 14.1.2 Fruit juices as defined by Directive 2001/112/EC and vegetable juices — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). only vegetable juices.
  • 14.1.3 Fruit nectars as defined by Directive 2001/112/EC and vegetable nectars and similar products — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). only vegetable nectars, E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 14.1.4 Flavoured drinks — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). E 420, E 421, E 953, E 965, E 966 and E 967 may not be used E 968 may not be used except where specifically provided for in this food category.
  • 14.1.4 Flavoured drinks — 16,000 mg/kg or mg/lML = 16000. only energy-reduced or with no added sugars, as flavour enhancer only.
  • 14.1.5.2 Other — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). excluding unflavoured leaf tea; including flavoured instant coffee; E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used in drinks.
  • 14.2.3 Cider and perry — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 14.2.4 Fruit wine and made wine — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 14.2.5 Mead — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 14.2.6 Spirit drinks as defined in Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). except whisky or whiskey; E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used except in liqueurs.
  • 14.2.7.1 Aromatised wines — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 14.2.7.2 Aromatised wine-based drinks — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 14.2.7.3 Aromatised wine-product cocktails — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 14.2.8 Other alcoholic drinks including mixtures of alcoholic drinks with non-alcoholic drinks and spirits with less than 15 % of alcohol — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). E 420, E421, E 953, E965, E 966, E 967 and E 968 may not be used.
  • 15.1 Potato-, cereal-, flour- or starch-based snacks — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 15.2 Processed nuts — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 16 Desserts excluding products covered in categories 1, 3 and 4 — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 16 Desserts excluding products covered in categories 1, 3 and 4 — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 17.1 Food supplements supplied in a solid form, excluding food supplements for infants and young children — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). E 410, E 412, E 415, E 417 and E 425 may not be used to produce dehydrated food supplements intended to rehydrate on ingestion.
  • 17.1 Food supplements supplied in a solid form, excluding food supplements for infants and young children — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 17.2 Food supplements supplied in a liquid form, excluding food supplements for infants and young children — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 17.2 Food supplements supplied in a liquid form, excluding food supplements for infants and young children — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis.
  • 18 Processed foods not covered by categories 1 to 17, excluding foods for infants and young children — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 2.2.2 Other fat and oil emulsions including spreads as defined by Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 and liquid emulsions — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 2.3 Vegetable oil pan spray — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 3 Edible ices — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 3 Edible ices — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 4.2.1 Dried fruit and vegetables — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). E 410, E 412, E 415 E 417 may not be used to produce dehydrated foods intended to rehydrate on ingestion.
  • 4.2.2 Fruit and vegetables in vinegar, oil, or brine — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 4.2.4.1 Fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 4.2.4.1 Fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar, with the exception of those intended for the manufacture of fruit-juice based drinks.
  • 4.2.5.1 Extra jam and extra jelly as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced jams, jellies, marmalades or with no added sugar.
  • 4.2.5.2 Jam, jellies and marmalades and sweetened chestnut puree as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 4.2.5.3 Other similar fruit or vegetable spreads — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 4.2.5.4 Nut butters and nut spreads — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 4.2.6 Processed potato products — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 5.1 Cocoa and chocolate products as covered by Directive 2000/36/EC — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 5.1 Cocoa and chocolate products as covered by Directive 2000/36/EC — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 5.2 Other confectionery including breath refreshening microsweets — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). The substances listed under numbers E 400, E 401, E 402, E 403, E 404, E 406, E 407, 407a, E 410, E 412, E 413, E 414, E 415, E 417, E 418, E 425 and E 440 may not be used in jelly mini-cups, defined, for the purpose of this Regulation, as jelly confectionery of a firm consistence, contained in semi rigid mini-cups or mini-capsules, intended to be ingested in a single bite by exerting pressure on the mini-cups or mini-capsule to project the confectionery into the mouth; E 410, E 412, E 415 E 417 may not be used to produce dehydrated foods intended to rehydrate on ingestion. E425 may not be used in jelly confectionery.
  • 5.2 Other confectionery including breath refreshening microsweets — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. (1) quantum satis: only with no added sugar; (2) quantum satis: only starch-based confectionery energy-reduced or with no added sugar; (3) quantum satis: sandwich spreads made with a base of cocoa, milk, dried fruit or fat; energy reduced or with no added sugar; (4) quantum satis: only cocoa-based or dried fruit-based confectionery, energy-reduced or with no added sugar; (5) quantum satis: only for crystallised fruit, energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 5.3 Chewing gum — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 5.3 Chewing gum — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis. only with no added sugar.
  • 5.4 Decorations, coatings and fillings, except fruit based fillings covered by category 4.2.4 — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 5.4 Decorations, coatings and fillings, except fruit based fillings covered by category 4.2.4 — several limitsPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. (1) quantum satis: only decorations, coatings and fillings with not added sugar; (2) quantum satis: only sauces.
  • 6.2.2 Starches — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 6.3 Breakfast cereals — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 6.3 Breakfast cereals — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis. only breakfast cereals or cereal-based products, energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 6.4.2 Dry pasta — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). only gluten free and/or pasta intended for hypoproteic diets in accordance with Directive 2009/39/EC.
  • 6.4.4 Potato gnocchi — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). except fresh refrigerated potato gnocchi.
  • 6.4.5 Fillings of stuffed pasta (ravioli and similar) — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 6.5 Noodles — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 6.6 Batters — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 6.7 Pre-cooked or processed cereals — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 7.1 Bread and rolls — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). except products in 7.1.1 and 7.1.2.
  • 7.2 Fine bakery wares — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 7.2 Fine bakery wares — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis. only energy-reduced or with no added sugar.
  • 8.3.1 Non-heat-treated meat products — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 8.3.2 Heat-treated meat products — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). except foie gras, foie gras entier, blocs de foie gras, Libamáj, libamáj egészben, libamáj tömbben.
  • 8.3.3 Casings and coatings and decorations for meat — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 9.1.1 Unprocessed fish — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis. only frozen and deep-frozen unprocessed fish for purposes other than sweetening.
  • 9.1.2 Unprocessed molluscs and crustaceans — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group IV: Polyols. quantum satis. only frozen and deep-frozen unprocessed crustaceans, molluscs and cephalopods; for purposes other than sweetening.
  • 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including mollusks and crustaceans — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening).
  • 9.3 Fish roe — quantum satisPermitted as a member of Group I. Maximum level: Quantum satis (for purpose other than sweetening). only processed fish roe.
Assimilated Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008and 91 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-18
JapanConsumer Affairs AgencyNo listing matchedThis site imports only Japan’s list of designated additives (Appended Table 1 to the Regulations for Enforcement of the Food Sanitation Act), matched by English name. Existing additives, natural flavouring agents and ordinary foods used as additives are permitted outside that list and are not imported, so an empty row does not show that Japan does not permit the substance.
South KoreaMinistry of Food and Drug SafetyPermitted, with conditions
Designated food additive: Standards and Specifications for Food Additives, Part III, 1. …

Designated food additive: Standards and Specifications for Food Additives, Part III, 1. 일반식품첨가물 (general food additives), 에리스리톨 (“Erythritol”, the English the Code prints beside it). Main use (주용도) of 에리스리톨: 향미증진제, 감미료, 습윤제. Standard for use (사용기준) of 에리스리톨: (1) [to be used under the general standard for use in II. 2. 1), the minimum amount that achieves the technical effect, with no limit set for this additive in particular] “II. 2. 1)의 규정에 따라 사용하여야 한다.” The Korean is the standard as published. There is no official English translation of the current Code (the English version on MFDS’s website is the 2020 edition and has no legal effect); the English in square brackets is this site’s description of what each sentence does, not a translation of the foods or the levels. Compositional specifications (Part IV) are not imported, nor are the general standards in Part II, which apply to every additive.

Standards and Specifications for Food Additives (식품첨가물의 기준 및 규격), MFDS Notification, Part III (Standards for use, by item)retrieved 2026-10-18
United StatesFood and Drug AdministrationNot listedDoes not appear on this jurisdiction’s permitted list. That is not the same as being prohibited.
Codex AlimentariusCodex Alimentarius Commission / JECFAPermitted, with conditions

2 food categories

highest permitted level 16,000 mg/kg

Show every food category and its notes
  • 12.2.2 Seasonings and condiments — GMP
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
  • 14.1.5 Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa — 16,000 mg/kg
    • Note 160 For use in ready-to-drink products and pre-mixes for ready-to-drink products only.
    • Note 381 As consumed.
    • Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer.
CXS 192-1995 Table Three, INS 968and 2 further provisionsretrieved 2026-09-07

How much is permitted

A listing usually limits the quantity as well as the food. Only one of the forms that takes is a figure: quantum satis and good manufacturing practice permit the amount the technological effect requires and no more, which is a limit rather than the absence of one. Figures below are the range across every food category this page is listed in, and categories differ between regulators — see how much is permitted.

Australia and New Zealand—54 GMP
Canada300 mg/kg – 990,000 mg/kg19 numeric limit, 1 GMP, 1 no quantity stated
European Union16,000 mg/kg1 numeric limit, 46 several limits, 26 quantum satis, 22 no quantity stated
Great Britain16,000 mg/kg1 numeric limit, 2 several limits, 89 quantum satis
South Korea—1 no quantity stated
Codex Alimentarius16,000 mg/kg1 numeric limit, 2 GMP

What a label must say

Words a food containing Erythritol is obliged to carry, quoted from the instrument that imposes them. A required statement is a fact about the regulation, not a finding about the substance — every rule below applies where the additive is authorised.

Every rule collected at what a label must say.

GRAS notices to the FDA

A GRAS notice is a company’s conclusion that a substance is generally recognised as safe for the use it describes. FDA’s letter responds to that conclusion, for that notifier and that use. It is not a listing in 21 CFR, and it is not counted as a US permission above. The substance and use are as FDA’s inventory words them; this site matched the notice to this page by exact name.

  • GRN No. 789 · Erythritol · Cargill, Inc.

    Intended use: For use as a flavor enhancer, formulation aid, humectant, nutritive sweetener, stabilizer and thickener, sequestrant, or texturizer in baked goods and baking mixes; alcoholic beverages; beverage and beverage bases; breakfast cereals; chewing gum; condiments and relishes; dairy product analogs; fats and oils; frozen dairy desserts and mixes; fruit and water ices; gelatins, puddings, and filings; hard candy; jams and jellies; milk products; processed fruits and fruit juices; snack foods; soft candy; sugar substitutes; and sweet sauces, toppings, and syrups at a concentration ranging from 3 to 99 percent.

    FDA’s response (2019-02-20): FDA has no questions

  • GRN No. 401 · Erythritol · O'Laughlin (Tianjin) Biotechnology Company

    Intended use: Use as a flavor enhancer, formulation aid, humectant, nutritive sweetener, stabilizer and thickener, sequestrant, and texturizer in a variety of foods

    FDA’s response (2012-03-22): FDA has no questions

  • GRN No. 382 · Erythritol · Baolingbao Biology Co., Ltd.

    Intended use: As a flavor enhancer, formulation aid, humectant, nutritive sweetener, stabilizer and thickener, sequestrant, and texturizer in a variety of foods

    FDA’s response (2011-11-21): FDA has no questions

  • GRN No. 208 · Erythritol · Mitsubishi Kagaku-Foods Corporation

    Intended use: Use in bakery fillings, cakes and cookies, chewing gum, dairy drinks, fat-based cream used in modified fat/calorie cookies, pastries, hard candies, frozen dairy desserts, puddings, reduced and low-calorie beverages, soft candies, sugar substitutes and yogurt as a flavor enhancer, formulation aid, humectant, nutritive sweetener, stabilizer and thickener, sequestrant, and texturizer at varying levels

    FDA’s response (2007-01-25): FDA has no questions

  • GRN No. 76 · Erythritol · Cerestar Holding B.V.

    Intended use: Use in bakery fillings, cakes and cookies, chewing gum, dairy drinks, fat-based cream used in modified fat/calorie cookies, pastries, hard candies, frozen dairy desserts, puddings, reduced and low-calorie beverages, soft candies, sugar substitutes and yogurt as a flavor enhancer, formulation aid, humectant, nutritive sweetener, stabilizer and thickener, sequestrant, and texturizer at varying levels

    FDA’s response (2001-09-11): FDA has no questions

What it is made from

Produced by fermenting glucose, normally from maize starch, with osmophilic yeasts, then crystallising the product. It also occurs naturally in some fruit and in fermented foods.

  • Vegan
  • Vegetarian

Compare other additives on the dietary indexes.

CAS registry number
149-32-6
InChIKey
UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N
PubChem
CID 222285

The two specifications, compared

The European Union sets identity and purity by regulation; JECFA publishes its own through FAO, advisory until a country adopts it. Both documents are below in full. These are the parameters each puts a number on.

ParameterEuropean UnionJECFA
Assayno less than 99 %no less than 99 %
Loss on dryingno more than 0.2 %no more than 0.2 %
Sulphated ash—no more than 0.1 %
Leadno more than 0.5 mg/kgno more than 0.5 mg/kg

The two documents state the same figures for every parameter compared here.

How the EU defines it

The legal specification an additive must meet to be sold as this E number in the EU — what it is, how it may be made, and the purity it must reach. From Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012.

E 968 Erythritol

Obtained by fermentation of carbohydrate source by safe and suitable food grade osmophilic yeasts such as Moniliella pollinis or Moniliella megachilensis, followed by purification and drying

Synonyms: Meso-erythritol; Tetrahydroxybutane; Erythrite

Assay, identification and purity criteria

Description and assay

Einecs
205-737-3
Chemical name
1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol
Chemical formula
C₄H₁₀O₄
Molecular weight
122,12
Assay
Not less than 99 % after drying
Description
White, odourless, non-hygroscopic, heat-stable crystals with a sweetness of approximately 60-80 % that of sucrose.

Identification

Solubility
Freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in diethyl ether.
Melting range
119-123 °C

Purity criteria

Loss on drying
Not more than 0,2 % (70 °C, 6 hours, in a vacuum desiccator)
Conductivity
Not more than 20 μS/cm (on 20 % dry solids solution) at temperature 20 °C
Reducing substances
Not more than 0,3 % expressed as D-glucose
Ribitol and glycerol
Not more than 0,1 %
Lead
Not more than 0,5 mg/kg

Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012, Annex, E 968

How JECFA defines it

The international specification for identity and purity, prepared by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives and published by FAO. It is a different document from any above, written by a different body and revised on its own cycle; it is advisory, and a country adopts it or does not.

INS 968 Erythritol

Obtained by fermentation of starch enzyme hydrolysate (from starches such as wheat and corn) by safe and suitable food grade osmophilic yeasts such as Moniliella pollinis or Trichosporonoides megachilensis. The heat-sterilized broth is filtered, purified by ion exchange resin, activated charcoal and ultrafiltration, crystallised washed and dried.

Synonyms: Meso-erythritol; tetrahydroxybutane; erythrite.

Assay, identification and purity criteria

Description and assay

Specification history
New specification prepared at the 53rd JECFA (1999) and published in FNP 52 Add 7. ADI "not specified", established at the 53rd JECFA in 1999.
Chemical names
1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol
C.A.S. number
149-32-6
Chemical formula
C 4 H 10 O 4
Formula weight
122.12
Assay
Not less than 99% after drying
DESCRIPTION
White, odourless, non-hygroscopic, heat-stable crystals. It has a sweetness approximately 60-80% that of sucrose.
FUNCTIONAL USES
Flavour enhancer, humectant, carrier, sweetener.
METHOD OF ASSAY
Determine the erythritol content of the sample by liquid chromatography. Mobile phase Deionized water Standard Solution Transfer about 2 g of Standard Erythritol, previously dried in a vacuum desiccator at 70º for 6 hr and accurately weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg ( W ), into a 50 ml volumetric flask, dissolve in and dilute to volume with deionized water and mix. Filter the solution through a disposable 0.45 μm filter before use in the ‘Procedure’. (Standard Erythritol may be obtained from Cerestar, EBS Vilvoorde R&D Centre, Centre of Fermentation Expertise, 84 Havenstraat, 1800 Vilvoorde, Belgium; Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Speciality Chemicals Company, Intermediate Chemicals Department, 5-2 Marunonchi 2-chome, Chiyodaq-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan; or Nikken Chemicals Co., Ltd., Development Department, Sumitomo-Tsukiji Bldg., No. 4-414, kTsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan. Assay Prepare as directed for ‘Standard Solution’, using about 2 g of the sample, previously dried in a vacuum desiccator at 70º for 6 h and accurately weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg ( w ). Chromatographic System Use a high-pressure liquid chromatograph equipped with a constant-flow pulseless pump and fitted with a sensitive differential refractive index detector such as the RID-6A or equivalent. The column is packed with a strong cation exchange resin in the hydrogen form, such as MCI Gel-CK08EH, Shodex KC-811 or equivalent, consisting of a macroreticular sulfonated polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, 8% crosslinked, 9 μm particle size. The column temperature is 60ºC. . The sample injector is preferably of the fixed-loop type (manual or automatic), capable of accurately injecting 30 μl. The integrator can be any modern data acquisition system with recording and processing capabilities. The operating flow rate is about 0.5 ml/min. The maximum pressure of the total system is about 50 kgf/cm 2 . System Start-up Connect the injector outlet to the column inlet, and connect the column outlet directly to waste. Activate the pump and elute the system at a flow rate of 0.1 ml/min. Set the pressure limit control to about 15 kgf/cm 2 above the normal operating pressure. Increase the flow rate by increments of 0.1 ml/min up to the operating rate, and elute the column for 2 hours. Connect the column outlet to the detector tube, flush both the reference and sample cells for 30 min, and then zero the refractometer and adjust the sensitivity System Suitability Test The area responses of triplicate 30-μl injections of the Standard Solution show a relative standard deviation (100 × standard deviation/mean peak area) of not more than 1.0%. Procedure Chromatograph triplicate 30-μl portions of the Standard Solution and record the mean of the erythritol peak areas as A . In a similar manner, chromatograph triplicate 30-μl portions of the Assay Solution and record the mean of the erythritol peak areas as a . Calculate the percentage of erythritol in the sample by the formula: % Erythritol = 100( W / w )( a / A ).

Identification

Solubility (Vol. 4)
Freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in diethyl ether
Melting range (Vol. 4)
Between 119 and 123º
Main Peak in HPLC
The retention time of the major peak in the chromatogram of the Assay Solution corresponds to that in the chromatogram of the Standard Solution obtained in the Assay.

Purity criteria

Loss on drying (Vol. 4)
Not more than 0.2% (70 o , 6 h, in a vacuum desiccator)
Sulfated ash (Vol. 4)
Not more than 0.1% Test 2 g of the sample (Method I)
Reducing substances (Vol.4)
Not more than 0.3% calculated as D-glucose (Method I)
Ribitol and glycerol
Not more than 0.1% See description under TESTS
Lead (Vol. 4)
Not more than 0.5 mg/kg Determine using an atomic absorption technique appropriate to the specified level. The selection of sample size and method of sample preparation may be based on the principles of the method described in Volume 4, “Instrumental Methods.”
Test: Ribitol and glycerol
In the chromatogram obtained from the Assay Solution as directed in the Procedure under Method of Assay , the elution pattern may include individual minor peaks representing glycerol and ribitol. The retention times for ribitol and glycerol, relative to erythritol (1.0), are approximately 0.93 and 1.10, respectively. Measure the peak responses for erythritol ( E ), glycerol ( G ), and ribitol ( R ), and calculate the total area ( T ). Calculate the percentage of glycerol in the sample by the formula % glycerol = 100 G/T , and the percentage of ribitol by the formula % ribitol = 100 R/T . The sum of the % glycerol and the % ribitol is not greater than 0.1%.

FAO JECFA Monograph 1 (2006)

Authorised in other additives, enzymes, flavourings and nutrients

These authorisations are not for use in food. They let this substance be used inside another additive, a food enzyme, a flavouring or a nutrient preparation — often as a carrier — and it reaches food only as part of that product. Annex III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008.

PartMay be used inMaximum levelCitation
Annex III, Part 1: Carriers in food additivesAll food additivesquantum satisRegulation (EC) No 1333/2008, Annex III, Part 1
Annex III, Part 4: Food additives including carriers in food flavouringsAll flavouringsListed jointly as "E 420 E 421 E 953 E 965 E 966 E 967 E 968 Sorbitol Mannitol Isomalt Maltitol Lactitol Xylitol Erythritol"quantum satis for purposes other than sweetening, not as flavour enhancersRegulation (EC) No 1333/2008, Annex III, Part 4
Annex III, Part 5, Section A: Food additives added in nutrients except in nutrients intended to be used in foodstuffs listed in Part E, point 01.10, of Annex II and foodstuffs for infants and young children listed in Part E, point 13.1, of Annex IIAll nutrientsCan be used as a carrier: Yes, only as a carrierquantum satisRegulation (EC) No 1333/2008, Annex III, Part 5, Section A

Every name it appears under

79 recorded names. A label may use any of them.

E number

  • E968

INS number

  • 968

CAS registry number

  • 10030-58-7
  • 149-32-6

As it appears in regulation

  • Erythritol

Other names

  • (2r,3s)-butane-1,2,
  • (2r,3s)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol
  • (2R,3S)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol
  • (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol
  • (2S,3R)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol
  • 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol
  • 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol, (2R,3S)-rel-
  • 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol, (R*,S*)-
  • 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol, (theta,S)-
  • 1,3,4-Butanetetrol, (R*,S*)-
  • 1,3,4-Tetrahydroxybutane
  • Antierythrite
  • BUTANE 1,2,3,4-TETROL (MESO-ERYTHRITOL)
  • Butanetetrol
  • C*Eridex
  • Cargill Zerose 16957
  • CAS-149-32-6
  • CCRIS 7901
  • D-ERYTHRITOL
  • E 968
  • Epitope ID:114707
  • Erythrit
  • Erythrite
  • ERYTHRITOL
  • ERYTHRITOL (EP MONOGRAPH)
  • Erythritol (NF)
  • Erythritol CRS
  • Erythritol, food grade
  • Erythritol, meso-
  • erythro-tetritol
  • Erythroglucin
  • Erythrol (VAN)
  • FEMA NO. 4819
  • HSDB 7968
  • i-Erythritol
  • INS NO.968
  • INS-968
  • L-(-)-Threitol
  • L-Erythritol
  • Lichen sugar
  • meso-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroxybutane
  • Meso-erythritol
  • meso-Erythritol (Standard)
  • meso-Erythritol, 97%
  • meso-Erythritol, >=99%
  • meso-Erythritol, analytical standard
  • meso-Eythritol
  • Mesoerythritol
  • MRY
  • NIK 242
  • Paycite
  • Phycite
  • Phycitol
  • rel-(2R,3S)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol
  • Tetrahydroxybutane
  • WLN: Q1YQYQ1Q
  • ZEROSE TM 16957

Systematic names

  • (2S,3R)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol
  • meso-Erythritol; i-Erythritol; 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol; meso-?1,2,3,4-?Tetrahydroxybutane

Hazard reference values

EFSA and JECFA have both assessed Erythritol and their conclusions are not two comparable figures — EFSA records 500 mg/kg bw/day, JECFA not specified. An acceptable daily intake is a reference value set by a committee, not a threshold above which harm begins. “Not specified”, “not limited” and “not allocated” are conclusions, not missing data, and they are shown in the words each body used rather than reduced to a number. See where the two committees differ.

Values set by assessing bodies. A body that has not set a value is not listed here.
TypeValuePopulationAssessed byOpinion
ADInot specified—JECFA1999
ADI500 mg/kg bw/dayconsumersEFSAnot identified in the dataset

Evidence and how bodies read it

What assessing bodies concluded

Each conclusion is paraphrased in the body's own framing, from the published opinion linked beneath it. Where bodies differ, both stand; this site does not adjudicate between them or add a view of its own.

  1. EFSA 2023

    The FAF Panel considered that erythritol (E 968) can cause diarrhoea, which it regarded as adverse, and set an ADI of 0.5 g/kg bw/day. It concluded that estimated acute and chronic exposures were above this ADI, indicating that high consumers may be at risk of adverse effects, while noting the estimates were likely overestimates; it did not support exempting erythritol from the laxative warning label.

    Source document

Common questions

Assembled from what is above, in the words the questions are usually asked in. Each answer is the same statement the relevant section makes, with the same citations behind it.

What is E 968?
E 968 is Erythritol. Erythritol is a sugar alcohol about seventy percent as sweet as sugar. Unlike the other polyols it is absorbed and then excreted largely unchanged, so it contributes little energy and causes less digestive upset.
What is Erythritol used for in food?
It is listed as a sweetener — the role Canada, Codex and the EU assign it. This page shows every function each regulator records, with the citation for each.
Where is Erythritol permitted?
Of the seven regulators this site reads, Australia and New Zealand, Canada, the EU, Great Britain, South Korea and the Codex standard permit it. Each permission is for named foods at named levels, not a blanket one; the table on this page gives them with citations.
Is Erythritol vegan?
Yes. Erythritol is not derived from animals, and is suitable for vegetarians. This page says what it is made from and how.

Sources for this page

  • anz retrieved 2026-10-17
  • ca retrieved 2026-10-17
  • eu retrieved 2026-10-18
  • gb retrieved 2026-10-18
  • kr retrieved 2026-10-18
  • gsfa retrieved 2026-09-07
  • euspecs retrieved 2026-10-18
  • jecfaspecs retrieved 2026-09-23

Full licence terms and publisher details on Sources. How this page is built and updated: Method.

Machine-readable: a JSON record of this additive is given on request —how to ask for access.

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