Magnesium gluconate
17140-79-3 · 3632-91-5 · 59625-89-7 · Almora · C12H22MgO14 · D-Gluconic acid, magnesium salt (2:1) · D-Gluconic acid, magnesium salt (2:1), hydrate · E-580(MAGNESIUM GLUCONATE ANHYDROUS) · E-580(magnesium gluconate) · Glucomag · GLUCONIC ACID MAGNESIUM SALT · Gluconic Acid Magnesium(II) Salt · Gluconic acid, magnesium salt (2:1), D- · Glucosium · GYN · HJWFTNWQKDPLAS-SYAJEJNSSA-L · INS NO.580(MAGNESIUM GLUCONATE ANHYDROUS) · Ins no.580(magnesium gluconate) · INS-580(MAGNESIUM GLUCONATE ANHYDROUS) · Ins-580(magnesium gluconate) · Magnesium (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate dihydrate · Magnesium (as gluconate) · magnesium D-gluconate · Magnesium D-gluconate (1:2) · Magnesium D-gluconate (1:2) dihydrate · Magnesium D-gluconate (1:2) hydrate · Magnesium D-gluconate hydrate · Magnesium di(D-gluconate) · Magnesium digluconate · Magnesium gluconate · Magnesium gluconate anhydrous · Magnesium gluconate anhydrous; D-Gluconic acid magnesium salt · Magnesium Gluconate Granules · Magnesium gluconate hydrate · Magnesium gluconate,dihydrate · Magnesium gluconicum · Magnesium(II) Gluconate · magnesium;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate · MAGNESIUMD-GLUCONATEHYDRATE · Menesia · T42NAD2KHCINS 580CAS 3632-91-5
Listed as an acidity regulator, a flavour enhancer and a firming agent by Codex.
Listed as acidity regulators (Codex) · flavour enhancers (Codex) · firming agents (Codex) · nutrient supplements (US)
- Codex Alimentarius: Acidity regulator — CXS 192-1995 Table Three, INS 580
- Codex Alimentarius: Flavour enhancer — CXS 192-1995 Table Three, INS 580
- Codex Alimentarius: Firming agent — CXS 192-1995 Table Three, INS 580
- United States: Nutrient supplement — FDA, Substances Added to Food: MAGNESIUM GLUCONATE
Magnesium gluconate is a magnesium source in fortified foods and supplements, and an acidity regulator.
Where it is and isn’t permitted
| Jurisdiction | Status | Scope and limits | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australia and New Zealand | No listed food uses foundThis site has not matched this substance to any food use on this jurisdiction’s list of authorised food additives. A food additive may be used only in foods that list names. Flavourings, enzymes, processing aids and added nutrients are regulated separately and do not appear on it. | ||
| Canada | No listing matchedHealth Canada’s lists name additives without E or INS numbers, so this site matches them by exact name. A substance listed there under a name this site does not recognise has no row here. | ||
| European Union | No listed food uses foundThis site has not matched this substance to any food use on this jurisdiction’s list of authorised food additives. A food additive may be used only in foods that list names. Flavourings, enzymes, processing aids and added nutrients are regulated separately and do not appear on it. | ||
| Great Britain | No listed food uses foundThis site has not matched this substance to any food use on this jurisdiction’s list of authorised food additives. A food additive may be used only in foods that list names. Flavourings, enzymes, processing aids and added nutrients are regulated separately and do not appear on it. | ||
| Japan | No listing matchedThis site imports only Japan’s list of designated additives (Appended Table 1 to the Regulations for Enforcement of the Food Sanitation Act), matched by English name. Existing additives, natural flavouring agents and ordinary foods used as additives are permitted outside that list and are not imported, so an empty row does not show that Japan does not permit the substance. | ||
| South Korea | Permitted, with conditions | Designated food additive: Standards and Specifications for Food Additives, Part III, 1. …Designated food additive: Standards and Specifications for Food Additives, Part III, 1. 일반식품첨가물 (general food additives), 글루콘산마그네슘 (“Magnesium Gluconate”, the English the Code prints beside it); the Code marks it as also usable as a nutrient fortifier; 3. 영양강화제 (nutrient fortifiers), 글루콘산마그네슘; nutrient: 마그네슘 (Mg); the Code marks it as also usable as a general food additive. Main use (주용도) of 글루콘산마그네슘: 산도조절제. Standard for use (사용기준) of 글루콘산마그네슘: (1) [to be used under the general standard for use in II. 2. 1), the minimum amount that achieves the technical effect, with no limit set for this additive in particular] “II. 2. 1)의 규정에 따라 사용하여야 한다.” The Korean is the standard as published. There is no official English translation of the current Code (the English version on MFDS’s website is the 2020 edition and has no legal effect); the English in square brackets is this site’s description of what each sentence does, not a translation of the foods or the levels. Compositional specifications (Part IV) are not imported, nor are the general standards in Part II, which apply to every additive. | Standards and Specifications for Food Additives (식품첨가물의 기준 및 규격), MFDS Notification, Part III (Standards for use, by item)retrieved 2026-10-18 |
| United States | Not listedDoes not appear on this jurisdiction’s permitted list. That is not the same as being prohibited. | ||
| Codex Alimentarius | Permitted | no numerical limit (good manufacturing practice) | CXS 192-1995 Table Three, INS 580retrieved 2026-09-07 |
How much is permitted
A listing usually limits the quantity as well as the food. Only one of the forms that takes is a figure: quantum satis and good manufacturing practice permit the amount the technological effect requires and no more, which is a limit rather than the absence of one. Figures below are the range across every food category this page is listed in, and categories differ between regulators — see how much is permitted.
| South Korea | — | 1 no quantity stated |
|---|---|---|
| Codex Alimentarius | — | 1 GMP |
No regulator sets a figure for Magnesium gluconate. That is not an absence of control: where the listing says quantum satis or good manufacturing practice, the quantity is limited to what the effect requires.
What FDA’s inventory records
This page holds no listing for Magnesium gluconate in the parts of 21 CFR this site reads. FDA’s Substances Added to Food inventory does carry it, as MAGNESIUM GLUCONATE, pointing at no regulation at all.
Technical effects FDA records: nutrient supplement.
The inventory is an information resource: a row means FDA holds information about the substance’s use in food, not that the substance is listed for that use. It is shown apart from the permissions above and is not counted as a US permission anywhere on this site.
What it is made from
Made by reacting a magnesium source with fermentation-derived gluconic acid.
- Vegan
- Vegetarian
Compare other additives on the dietary indexes.
- CAS registry number
- 3632-91-5
- InChIKey
- HJWFTNWQKDPLAS-SYAJEJNSSA-L
- PubChem
- CID 71587201
How JECFA defines it
The international specification for identity and purity, prepared by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives and published by FAO. It is a different document from any above, written by a different body and revised on its own cycle; it is advisory, and a country adopts it or does not.
INS 580 Magnesium Gluconate
Assay, identification and purity criteria
Description and assay
- Specification history
- Prepared at the 53rd JECFA (1999) and published in FNP 52 Add 7 (1999), superseding tentative specifications prepared at the 51st JECFA (1998), published in FNP 52 Add 6 (1998). Group ADI "Not specified" for glucono- delta-lactone and gluconates, established at the 51st JECFA in 1998.
- SYNONYMS DEFINITION
- INS No. 580 The material of commerce exists as anhydrous, dihydrate or a mixture of both
- Chemical names C.A.S. number
- Magnesium di-D-gluconate Anhydrous: 3632-91-5 Dihydrate: 59625-89-7
- Chemical formula Structural formula
- C 12 H 22 MgO 14
- Formula weight
- Anhydrous: 414.60 Dihydrate: 450.63
- Assay DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONAL USES Solubility (Vol. 4) Test for magnesium (Vol. 4) Test for gluconate (Vol. 4) Water (Vol. 4) Reducing substances
- Not less than 98.0% and not more than 102.0% on the anhydrous basis White to off white, odourless, fine powder Acidity regulator, firming agent, yeast nutrient, nutrient supplement Soluble in water; sparingly soluble in ethanol Passes test Passes test Between 3.0% and 12.0% (Karl Fischer Method) Not more than 1.0% calculated as D-glucose (Method I)
- METHOD OF ASSAY
- Dissolve about 0.6 g of the sample, accurately weighed, in 50 ml of water, add 10 ml of ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer solution and 5 drops of eriochrome black TS. Titrate with 0.05 M disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate to a deep blue colour. Calculate % magnesium gluconate, dihydrate (as is basis) from: where 45.07 = equivalence factor for magnesium gluconate, dihydrate
Purity criteria
- (Vol. 4) Lead (Vol. 4)
- Not more than 2 mg/kg Determine using an atomic absorption technique appropriate to the specified level. The selection of sample size and method of sample preparation may be based on the principles of the method described in Volume 4, “Instrumental Methods.”
Every name it appears under
41 recorded names. A label may use any of them.
CAS registry number
- 17140-79-3
- 3632-91-5
- 59625-89-7
Other names
- Almora
- C12H22MgO14
- D-Gluconic acid, magnesium salt (2:1)
- D-Gluconic acid, magnesium salt (2:1), hydrate
- E-580(MAGNESIUM GLUCONATE ANHYDROUS)
- E-580(magnesium gluconate)
- Glucomag
- GLUCONIC ACID MAGNESIUM SALT
- Gluconic Acid Magnesium(II) Salt
- Gluconic acid, magnesium salt (2:1), D-
- Glucosium
- GYN
- HJWFTNWQKDPLAS-SYAJEJNSSA-L
- INS NO.580(MAGNESIUM GLUCONATE ANHYDROUS)
- Ins no.580(magnesium gluconate)
- INS-580(MAGNESIUM GLUCONATE ANHYDROUS)
- Ins-580(magnesium gluconate)
- Magnesium (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate dihydrate
- Magnesium (as gluconate)
- magnesium D-gluconate
- Magnesium D-gluconate (1:2)
- Magnesium D-gluconate (1:2) dihydrate
- Magnesium D-gluconate (1:2) hydrate
- Magnesium D-gluconate hydrate
- Magnesium di(D-gluconate)
- Magnesium digluconate
- Magnesium gluconate
- Magnesium gluconate anhydrous
- Magnesium gluconate anhydrous; D-Gluconic acid magnesium salt
- Magnesium Gluconate Granules
- Magnesium gluconate hydrate
- Magnesium gluconate,dihydrate
- Magnesium gluconicum
- Magnesium(II) Gluconate
- magnesium;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
- MAGNESIUMD-GLUCONATEHYDRATE
- Menesia
- T42NAD2KHC
Hazard reference values
| Type | Value | Population | Assessed by | Opinion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADI | not specified | — | JECFA | 1998 |
Evidence and how bodies read it
Studies, and the differing conclusions regulators drew from them, are curated rather than machine-read, and none has been written for this substance yet.
Common questions
Assembled from what is above, in the words the questions are usually asked in. Each answer is the same statement the relevant section makes, with the same citations behind it.
- What is INS 580?
- INS 580 is Magnesium gluconate. Magnesium gluconate is a magnesium source in fortified foods and supplements, and an acidity regulator.
- What is Magnesium gluconate used for in food?
- It is listed as an acidity regulator, a flavour enhancer and a firming agent — the role Codex assigns it. This page shows every function each regulator records, with the citation for each.
- Where is Magnesium gluconate permitted?
- Of the seven regulators this site reads, South Korea and the Codex standard permit it. Each permission is for named foods at named levels, not a blanket one; the table on this page gives them with citations.
- Is Magnesium gluconate vegan?
- Yes. Magnesium gluconate is not derived from animals, and is suitable for vegetarians. This page says what it is made from and how.
Sources for this page
- kr retrieved 2026-10-18
- gsfa retrieved 2026-09-07
- jecfaspecs retrieved 2026-09-23
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