Propyl gallate

E number E310INS 310CAS 121-79-9

Used as an antioxidant.

Propyl gallate is a synthetic antioxidant used in oils, fats, chewing gum and snack foods, often combined with BHA or BHT because the three work better together than separately.

Where it is and isn’t permitted

Status of Propyl gallate by jurisdiction. Every jurisdiction this site covers is listed, including those where the substance does not appear.
JurisdictionStatusScope and limitsCitation
United StatesFood and Drug AdministrationPermitted21 CFR 184.1660retrieved 2026-09-07
Codex AlimentariusCodex Alimentarius Commission / JECFAPermitted, with conditions

31 food categories

highest permitted level 1,000 mg/kg

Show every food category
  • 01.5.1 Milk powder and cream powder (plain) — 200 mg/kg
  • 01.7 Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt) — 90 mg/kg
  • 02.1.1 Butter oil, anhydrous milkfat, ghee — 100 mg/kg
  • 02.1.2 Vegetable oils and fats — 200 mg/kg
  • 02.1.3 Lard, tallow, fish oil, and other animal fats — 200 mg/kg
  • 02.2.2 Fat spreads, dairy fat spreads and blended spreads — 200 mg/kg
  • 02.3 Fat emulsions mainly of type oil-in-water, including mixed and/or flavoured products based on fat emulsions — 200 mg/kg
  • 02.4 Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7 — 200 mg/kg
  • 04.1.2.9 Fruit-based desserts, incl. fruit-flavoured water-based desserts — 90 mg/kg
  • 04.2.2.2 Dried vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweeds, and nuts and seeds — 50 mg/kg
  • 05.1 Cocoa products and chocolate products including imitations and chocolate substitutes — 200 mg/kg
  • 05.2 Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougats, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3, and 05.4 — 200 mg/kg
  • 05.3 Chewing gum — 1,000 mg/kg
  • 05.4 Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit), and sweet sauces — 200 mg/kg
  • 06.1 Whole, broken, or flaked grain, including rice — 100 mg/kg
  • 06.3 Breakfast cereals, including rolled oats — 200 mg/kg
  • 06.4.3 Pre-cooked pastas and noodles and like products — 200 mg/kg
  • 06.5 Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding) — 90 mg/kg
  • 07.1.3 Other ordinary bakery products (e.g. bagels, pita, English muffins) — 100 mg/kg
  • 07.2.3 Mixes for fine bakery wares (e.g. cakes, pancakes) — 200 mg/kg
  • 08.2 Processed meat, poultry, and game products in whole pieces or cuts — 200 mg/kg
  • 08.3 Processed comminuted meat, poultry, and game products — 200 mg/kg
  • 09.2.5 Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms — 100 mg/kg
  • 10.4 Egg-based desserts (e.g. custard) — 90 mg/kg
  • 12.2 Herbs, spices, seasonings, and condiments (e.g. seasoning for instant noodles) — 200 mg/kg
  • 12.5 Soups and broths — 200 mg/kg
  • 12.6 Sauces and like products — 200 mg/kg
  • 13.6 Food supplements — 400 mg/kg
  • 14.1.4 Water-based flavoured drinks, including "sport," “energy,” or "electrolyte" drinks and particulated drinks — 1,000 mg/kg
  • 15.1 Snacks - potato, cereal, flour or starch based (from roots and tubers, pulses and legumes) — 200 mg/kg
  • 15.2 Processed nuts, including coated nuts and nut mixtures (with e.g. dried fruit) — 200 mg/kg
CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 310and 30 further provisionsretrieved 2026-09-07

What it is made from

Made by esterifying gallic acid, obtained from plant tannins, with propanol.

  • Vegan
  • Vegetarian
CAS registry number
121-79-9
InChIKey
ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem
CID 4947

Every name it appears under

64 recorded names. A label may use any of them.

E number

  • E310

INS number

  • 310

CAS registry number

  • 121-79-9
  • 56274-95-4

As it appears in regulation

  • Propyl gallate

Other names

  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-benzoic acid propyl ester
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzene-1-propylcarboxylate
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid n-propyl ester
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester
  • 3,5-Trihydroxybenzene-1-propylcarboxylate
  • 3,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester
  • 8D4SNN7V92
  • Anhydrous propyl gallate (e 310)
  • Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, propyl ester
  • Benzoic acid,4,5-trihydroxy-, propyl ester
  • CAS-121-79-9
  • CCRIS 541
  • E 310
  • FEMA 2947
  • FEMA No. 2947
  • Gallate, Propyl
  • Gallic acid n-propyl ester
  • Gallic acid propyl ester , PG
  • Gallic acid, propyl ester
  • Gallic acid-propyl ester
  • HSDB 591
  • INS NO.310
  • INS-310
  • n-Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
  • n-Propyl 3,5-trihydroxybenzoate
  • N-PROPYL ESTER OF 3,4,5- TRIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID
  • n-Propyl ester of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid
  • n-Propyl ester of 3,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid
  • n-Propyl gallate
  • n-Propyl-3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoate
  • n-propyl-gallate
  • NIPA 49
  • Nipagallin P
  • Nipanox S 1
  • Pro gallin P
  • Progallin P
  • Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
  • Propyl 3,5-trihydroxybenzoate
  • Propyl galiate
  • Propyl gallate
  • Propyl gallate (e 310)
  • Propyl gallate (NF)
  • Propyl gallate (Standard)
  • Propyl gallate, 98%
  • Propyl gallate, >=98%, FCC
  • Propyl gallate, antioxidant, >=98.0% (HPLC)
  • Propyl gallate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
  • Propyl gallate, for microscopy, >=98.0% (HPLC)
  • Propyl gallate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
  • Propyl gallate, powder
  • Propyl gallate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
  • Propyl gallate, USP, 98.0-102.0%
  • propyl-gallate
  • Propylester kyseliny gallove
  • Propylgallate
  • Sustane PG
  • Tenox PG
  • WLN: QR BQ CQ EVO3

Systematic names

  • Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate

Hazard reference values

Values set by assessing bodies. A body that has not set a value is not listed here.
TypeValuePopulationAssessed byOpinion
ADI0.5 mg/kg bw/dayconsumersEFSAnot identified in the dataset

Evidence and how bodies read it

Studies, and the differing conclusions regulators drew from them, are curated by hand rather than machine-read, and none has been written for this substance yet.

Sources for this page

  • ecfr retrieved 2026-09-07
  • gsfa retrieved 2026-09-07

Full licence terms and publisher details on Sources. How this page is built and updated: Method.

Machine-readable:/api/v1/additives/propyl-gallate.json