Quinoline yellow

E number E104INS 104CAS 8004-92-0

Listed as a colour by Codex and the EU.

Listed as colours (EU, Codex)

Quinoline Yellow is a synthetic greenish-yellow dye used in soft drinks, confectionery and desserts. It is one of the six colours that must carry the activity-and-attention warning in the EU.

Where it is and isn’t permitted

Status of Quinoline yellow by jurisdiction. Every jurisdiction this site covers is listed, including those where the substance does not appear.
JurisdictionStatusScope and limitsCitation
Australia and New ZealandFood Standards Australia New ZealandPermitted, with conditions

44 food categories

Show every food category
  • 0.2 ColouringsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 0.3 FlavouringsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 1.1.2 Liquid milk products and flavoured liquid milkAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 1.2.2 Fermented milk products and rennetted milk productsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 1.3 Condensed milk and evaporated milkAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 1.4.2 Cream products (flavoured, whipped, thickened, sour cream etc)All colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 1.5 Dried milk, milk powder, cream powderAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 1.6 Cheese and cheese productsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 11.1.1 Rainbow sugarAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 11.4 Tabletop sweetenersAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 12.1.2 Reduced sodium salt mixtureAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 12.1.3 Salt substituteAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 13.3 Formulated meal replacements and formulated supplementary foodsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 13.4 Formulated supplementary sports foodsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 13.5 Food for special medical purposesAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 14.1.1.2 Carbonated, mineralised and soda watersAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 14.1.2.1 Fruit and vegetable juicesFor juice separated by other than mechanical means only. All colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 14.1.2.2 Fruit and vegetable juice productsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 14.1.3 Water based flavoured drinksAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 14.1.4 Formulated BeveragesAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 14.2.3 Wine based drinks and reduced alcohol winesAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 14.2.4.1 Fruit wine products and vegetable wine productsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 14.2.5 Spirits and liqueursAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 14.3 Alcoholic beverages not included in item 14.2All colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 2.1 Edible oils essentially free of waterNot for olive oil. All colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 2.2.1.2 Butter productsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 2.2.1.3 Margarine and similar productsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 2.2.2 Oil emulsions (<80% oil)All colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 20 Foods not included in items 0 to 14All colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 3 Ice cream and edible icesAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 4.3 Processed fruits and vegetablesAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 5.1 Chocolate and cocoa productsPermitted on the surface of chocolate only. All colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 5.2 Sugar confectioneryAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 5.4 Icings and frostingsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 6.3 Processed cereal and meal productsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 6.4 Flour products (including noodles and pasta)All colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 7 Breads and bakery productsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 8.2 Processed meat, poultry and game products in whole cuts or piecesAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 8.3 Processed comminuted meat, poultry and game products, other than products listed in item 8.3.2Not for sausage or sausage meat containing raw, unprocessed meat. All colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 8.4 Edible casingsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 8.5 Animal protein productsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 9.2 Processed fish and fish productsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 9.3 Semi preserved fish and fish productsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
  • 9.4 Fully preserved fish including canned fish productsAll colourings permitted to a maximum level together: no more than 70 mg/L in a beverage or 290 mg/kg in another food (Standard 1.3.1—4(3)).
Food Standards Code, Schedule 15, S15—5and 43 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-17
CanadaHealth CanadaNo listing matchedHealth Canada’s lists name additives without E or INS numbers, so this site matches them by exact name. A substance listed there under a name this site does not recognise has no row here.
European UnionEuropean Commission / EFSAPermitted, with conditions

29 food categories

highest permitted level 200 mg/l

Show every food category
  • 1.4 flavoured fermented milk products including heat-treated products — 10 mg/lML = 10 mg/l. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 1.6.3 other creams — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. only flavoured creams. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 1.7.3 edible cheese rind — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. Note 62: The total quantity of E 104 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 12.2.2 Seasonings and condiments — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. only seasonings, for example, curry powder, tandoori. Note 62: The total quantity of E 104 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 12.4 Mustard — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 12.6 Sauces — 20 mg/kgML = 20 mg/kg. including pickles, relishes, chutney and piccalilli; excluding tomato-based sauces. Note 64: The total quantity of E 104 and E 110 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 12.9 Protein products excluding products covered in category 1 8 — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. only meat and fish analogues based on vegetable proteins. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 13.2 Foods for special medical purposes as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 (excluding products from food category 13.1.5.) — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg.
  • 13.3 Total diet replacement for weight control food as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg.
  • 14.1.4 Flavoured_drinks — 10 mg/lML = 10 mg/l. excluding chocolate milk and malt products.
  • 14.2.3 Cider and perry — 25 mg/lML = 25 mg/l. excluding cidre bouché, cydr jakościowy, perry jakościowe, cydr lodowy, perry lodowe. Note 64: The total quantity of E 104 and E 110 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 14.2.4 Fruit wine and made wine — 25 mg/lML = 25 mg/l. excluding wino owocowe jakościowe. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 14.2.6 Spirit drinks as defined in Regulation (EU) 2019/787 — 180 mg/lML = 180 mg/l. except: spirit drinks as defined in categories 1-17, 22, 36, 37 and 41 of Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2019/787. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 14.2.7.1 Aromatised wines — 50 mg/lML = 50 mg/l. only americano, bitter vino. Note 26: In americano E 100, E 101, E 102, E 104, E 120, E 122, E 123, E 124 are authorised individually or in combination.
  • 14.2.7.2 Aromatised wine-based drinks — 50 mg/lML = 50 mg/l. only bitter soda. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 14.2.7.3 Aromatised wine-product cocktails — 50 mg/lML = 50 mg/l. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 14.2.8 Other alcoholic beverages including mixtures of alcoholic beverages with non-alcoholic beverages and other alcoholic beverages based on distilled alcohol with alcoholic strength by volume less than 15 % — 180 mg/lML = 180 mg/l. only alcoholic beverages with alcoholic strength by volume less than 15 %. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 16 Desserts excluding products covered in category 1 3 and 4 — 10 mg/lML = 10 mg/l. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 17.1 food supplements supplied in a solid form excluding food supplements for infants and young children’, — 35 mg/kgML = 35 mg/kg. Period of application: from 1 August 2014 except food supplements in chewable form. Note: (61) The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III (69) Maximum limit for aluminium coming from all aluminium lakes 150 mg/kg. For the purposes of Article 22 (1) (g) of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 that limit shall apply from 1 February 2013.
  • 17.1 food supplements supplied in a solid form excluding food supplements for infants and young children’, — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg. Period of application: from 1 August 2014 only food supplements in chewable form. Note: (61) The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III (69) Maximum limit for aluminium coming from all aluminium lakes 150 mg/kg. For the purposes of Article 22 (1) (g) of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 that limit shall apply from 1 February 2013.
  • 17.2 food supplements supplied in a liquid form excluding food supplements for Infants and young children — 10 mg/lML = 10 mg/l. Period of application: from 1 August 2014. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 18.2 Meal replacement for weight control as referred to in Commission Regulation (EU) No 432/2012 — 10 mg/kgML = 10 mg/kg.
  • 4.2.4.1 fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote — 30 mg/kgML = 30 mg/kg. only mostarda di frutta. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 5.2 Other confectionery including breath freshening micro-sweets — 30 mg/kgML = 30 mg/kg. only candied fruit and vegetables. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 5.3 chewing gum — 30 mg/kgML = 30 mg/kg. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 5.4 Decorations, coatings and fillings, except fruit-based fillings covered by category 4.2.4 — 50 mg/kgML = 50 mg/kg. only fillings. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 6.6 Batters — 50 mg/kgML = 50 mg/kg. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 8.3.3 Casings and coatings and decorations for meat — 50 mg/kgML = 50 mg/kg. only decorations and coatings except edible external coating of pasturmas. Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 9.3 fish roe — 200 mg/kgML = 200 mg/kg. except Sturgeons' eggs (Caviar). Note 61: The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008and 28 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-18
Great BritainFood Standards Agency / Food Standards ScotlandPermitted, with conditions

27 food categories

highest permitted level 200 mg/kg or mg/l

Show every food category
  • 1.4 Flavoured fermented milk products including heat-treated products — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 1.6.3 Other creams — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. Only flavoured creams. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 1.7.3 Edible cheese rind — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. Note (62): The total quantity of E 104 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 12.2.2 Seasonings and condiments — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. only seasonings, for example curry powder, tandoori. Note (62): The total quantity of E 104 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 12.4 Mustard — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 12.6 Sauces — 20 mg/kg or mg/lML = 20. including pickles, relishes, chutney and piccalilli; excluding tomato-based sauces. Note (64): The total quantity of E 104 and E 110 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 12.9 Protein products, excluding products covered in category 1.8 — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. only meat and fish analogues based on vegetable proteins. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 13.2 Dietary foods for special medical purposes defined in Directive 1999/21/EC (excluding products from food category 13.1.5) — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 13.3 Dietary foods for weight control diets intended to replace total daily food intake or an individual meal (the whole or part of the total daily diet) — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 14.1.4 Flavoured drinks — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. excluding chocolate milk and malt products. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 14.2.3 Cider and perry — 25 mg/kg or mg/lML = 25. excluding cidre bouché. Note (64): The total quantity of E 104, E 110 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 14.2.4 Fruit wine and made wine — 20 mg/kg or mg/lML = 20. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 14.2.6 Spirit drinks as defined in Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 — 180 mg/kg or mg/lML = 180. except: spirit drinks as defined in Article 5(1) and sales denominations listed in Annex II, paragraphs 1-14 of Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 and spirits (preceded by the name of the fruit) obtained by maceration and distillation, Geist (with the name of the fruit or the raw material used), London Gin, Sambuca, Maraschino, Marrasquino or Maraskino and Mistrà. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 14.2.7.1 Aromatised wines — 50 mg/kg or mg/lML = 50. only americano, bitter vino. Note (26): In americano E 100, E 101, E 102, E 104, E 120, E 122, E 123, E 124 are authorised individually or in combination. Note (27): In bitter vino E 100, E 101, E 102, E 104, E 110, E 120, E 122, E 123, E 124, E 129 are authorised individually or in combination.
  • 14.2.7.2 Aromatised wine-based drinks — 50 mg/kg or mg/lML = 50. only bitter soda. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 14.2.7.3 Aromatised wine-product cocktails — 50 mg/kg or mg/lML = 50. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 14.2.8 Other alcoholic drinks including mixtures of alcoholic drinks with non-alcoholic drinks and spirits with less than 15 % of alcohol — 180 mg/kg or mg/lML = 180. only alcoholic drinks with less than 15 % of alcohol. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 16 Desserts excluding products covered in categories 1, 3 and 4 — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 17.1 Food supplements supplied in a solid form, excluding food supplements for infants and young children — several limits(1) ML 35: Period of application: from 1 August 2014 except food supplements in chewable form; (2) ML 10: Period of application: from 1 August 2014 only food supplements in chewable form. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III. Note (69): Maximum limit for aluminium coming from all aluminium lakes 150 mg/kg. For the purposes of Article 22 (1) (g) of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 that limit shall apply from 1 February 2013.
  • 17.2 Food supplements supplied in a liquid form, excluding food supplements for infants and young children — 10 mg/kg or mg/lML = 10. Period of application: from 1 August 2014. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III. Note (69): Maximum limit for aluminium coming from all aluminium lakes 150 mg/kg. For the purposes of Article 22 (1) (g) of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 that limit shall apply from 1 February 2013.
  • 4.2.4.1 Fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote — 30 mg/kg or mg/lML = 30. Only mostarda di frutta. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 5.2 Other confectionery including breath refreshening microsweets — several limits(1) ML 30: except candied fruit and vegetables; traditional sugar coated nut- or cocoa-based confectionery of almond shape or host shape, typically longer than 2 cm and typically consumed at celebratory occasions, i.e. weddings, communion, etc.; (2) ML 30: only candied fruit and vegetables; (3) ML 300: only traditional sugar coated nut- or cocoa-based confectionery of almond shape or host shape, typically longer than 2 cm and typically consumed at celebratory occasions, i.e. weddings, communion, etc. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 5.3 Chewing gum — 30 mg/kg or mg/lML = 30. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 5.4 Decorations, coatings and fillings, except fruit based fillings covered by category 4.2.4 — 50 mg/kg or mg/l(1) ML 50: only decorations, coatings and sauces, except fillings; (2) ML 50: only fillings. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 6.6 Batters — 50 mg/kg or mg/lML = 50. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 8.3.3 Casings and coatings and decorations for meat — several limits(1) ML 50: only decorations and coatings except edible external coating of pasturmas; (2) ML 10: only edible casings. Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III. Note (62): The total quantity of E 104 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
  • 9.3 Fish roe — 200 mg/kg or mg/lML = 200. except Sturgeons’ eggs (Caviar). Note (61): The total quantity of E 104, E 110, E 124 and the colours in Group III shall not exceed the maximum listed for Group III.
Assimilated Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008and 26 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-18
JapanConsumer Affairs AgencyNo listing matchedThis site imports only Japan’s list of designated additives (Appended Table 1 to the Regulations for Enforcement of the Food Sanitation Act), matched by English name. Existing additives, natural flavouring agents and ordinary foods used as additives are permitted outside that list and are not imported, so an empty row does not show that Japan does not permit the substance.
South KoreaMinistry of Food and Drug SafetyNo listing matchedThis site imports Part III of South Korea’s Standards and Specifications for Food Additives, matched by CAS number, then INS number, then exact name. Mixed preparations and sanitisers are not imported, and an entry whose identifiers disagreed with a page’s is held for review, so an empty row does not show that South Korea does not permit the substance.
United StatesFood and Drug AdministrationNot listedDoes not appear on this jurisdiction’s permitted list. That is not the same as being prohibited.
Codex AlimentariusCodex Alimentarius Commission / JECFAPermitted, with conditions

31 food categories

highest permitted level 500 mg/kg

Show every food category and its notes
  • 01.1.4 Flavoured Fluid Milk Drinks — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 52 Excluding chocolate milk.
    • Note 400 Except for use in products conforming to the Standard for Fermented Milks (CXS 243-2003) at 150 mg/kg.
  • 01.7 Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt) — 150 mg/kg
  • 02.4 Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7 — 9 mg/kg
  • 04.1.2.4 Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit — 200 mg/kg
    • Note 267 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Certain Canned Fruits (CODEX STAN 319-2015) except for use in special holiday packs for canned pears conforming to the standard.
    • Note 653 For use with red fruits only.
    • Note XS17 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for canned applesauce (CXS 17-1981).
    • Note XS60 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for canned raspberries (CXS 60-1981).
    • Note XS62 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for canned strawberries (CXS 62-1981).
    • Note XS242 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for canned stone fruits (CXS 242-2003).
    • Note XS254 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for certain canned citrus fruits (CXS 254-2007).
    • Note XS361 Excluding products conforming to the General standard for canned mixed fruits (CXS 361-2020).
  • 04.1.2.5 — 100 mg/kg
  • 04.1.2.7 Candied fruit — 200 mg/kg
  • 04.1.2.8 Fruit preparations, including pulp, purees, fruit toppings and coconut milk — 10 mg/kg
    • Note XS240 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Aqueous Coconut Products (CODEX STAN 240-2003).
    • Note XS314R Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Date Paste (CODEX STAN 314R-2013).
  • 04.1.2.9 Fruit-based desserts, incl. fruit-flavoured water-based desserts — 150 mg/kg
  • 04.2.2.5 Vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweed, and nut and seed purees and spreads (e.g. peanut butter) — 100 mg/kg
    • Note XS57 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Processed Tomato Concentrates (CODEX STAN 57-1981).
  • 05.2.1 Hard candy — 100 mg/kg
    • Note 442 Except for use at 300 mg/kg in lemon flavored candies.
  • 05.2.2 Soft candy — 100 mg/kg
  • 05.2.3 Nougats and marzipans — 100 mg/kg
  • 05.3 Chewing gum — 30 mg/kg
    • Note 445 Except for use at 300 mg/kg in lemon and citrus flavoured products.
  • 05.4 Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit), and sweet sauces — 50 mg/kg
    • Note 445 Except for use at 300 mg/kg in lemon and citrus flavoured products.
  • 06.3 Breakfast cereals, including rolled oats — 200 mg/kg
  • 06.5 Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding) — 100 mg/kg
  • 07.2 Fine bakery wares (sweet, salty, savoury) and mixes — 200 mg/kg
  • 09.2.2 Frozen battered fish, fish fillets and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms — 290 mg/kg
    • Note 41 For use in breading or batter coatings only.
    • Note XS166 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Fish Sticks (Fish Fingers), Fish Portions and Fish Fillets – Breaded or in Batter (CODEX STAN 166-1989).
  • 09.2.4.3 Fried fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms — 100 mg/kg
    • Note 16 For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only.
  • 09.3.3 Salmon substitutes, caviar and other fish roe products — 100 mg/kg
    • Note XS291 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Sturgeon Caviar (CODEX STAN 291-2010).
  • 09.4 Fully preserved, including canned or fermented fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms — 290 mg/kg
    • Note XS3 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Canned Salmon (CODEX STAN 3-1981).
    • Note XS37 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Canned Shrimps or Prawns (CODEX STAN 37-1991).
    • Note XS70 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Canned Tuna and Bonito (70-1981).
    • Note XS90 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Canned Crab Meat (CODEX STAN 90-1981).
    • Note XS94 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Canned Sardines and Sardine-Type Products (CODEX STAN 94-1981).
    • Note XS119 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Canned Finfish (CODEX STAN 119-1981).
  • 12.4 Mustards — 300 mg/kg
  • 12.5 Soups and broths — 50 mg/kg
    • Note 99 For use in products conforming to the Standard for Bouillons and Consommés (CODEX STAN 117-1981) only.
  • 12.6 Sauces and like products — 500 mg/kg
    • Note XS302 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Fish Sauce (CODEX STAN 302-2011).
    • Note XS306 Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Chilli Sauce (CXS 306-2011).
  • 13.3 Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes (excluding products of food category 13.1) — 10 mg/kg
    • Note 566 Excluding products conforming to the Guidelines for Ready to Use Therapeutic Foods (CXG 95-2022).
  • 13.4 Dietetic formulae for slimming purposes and weight reduction — 10 mg/kg
  • 13.5 Dietetic foods (e.g. supplementary foods for dietary use) excluding products of food categories — 10 mg/kg
  • 13.6 Food supplements — 300 mg/kg
    • Note 539 For use in solid forms as sold to the consumer only.
    • Note 535 Except for use in hard capsules and film coated tablets at 1800 mg/kg.
  • 14.1.4 Water-based flavoured drinks, including "sport," “energy,” or "electrolyte" drinks and particulated drinks — 70 mg/kg
    • Note 127 On the served to the consumer basis.
  • 14.2.7 Aromatized alcoholic beverages (e.g. beer, wine and spirituous cooler-type beverages, low-alcoholic refreshers) — 70 mg/kg
  • 15.1 Snacks - potato, cereal, flour or starch based (from roots and tubers, pulses and legumes) — 200 mg/kg
CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104and 30 further provisionsretrieved 2026-09-07

How much is permitted

A listing usually limits the quantity as well as the food. Only one of the forms that takes is a figure: quantum satis and good manufacturing practice permit the amount the technological effect requires and no more, which is a limit rather than the absence of one. Figures below are the range across every food category this page is listed in, and categories differ between regulators — see how much is permitted.

Australia and New Zealand—44 no quantity stated
European Union10 mg/kg – 200 mg/kg29 numeric limit
Great Britain10 mg/kg – 200 mg/kg24 numeric limit, 3 several limits
Codex Alimentarius9 mg/kg – 500 mg/kg31 numeric limit

What a label must say

Words a food containing Quinoline yellow is obliged to carry, quoted from the instrument that imposes them. A required statement is a fact about the regulation, not a finding about the substance — every rule below applies where the additive is authorised.

Every rule collected at what a label must say.

What it is made from

A mixture of the sulfonated forms of 2-(2-quinolyl)indan-1,3-dione, synthesised from petroleum-derived aromatic intermediates. No animal material is involved.

  • Vegan
  • Vegetarian

Compare other additives on the dietary indexes.

CAS registry number
8004-92-0

The two specifications, compared

The European Union sets identity and purity by regulation; JECFA publishes its own through FAO, advisory until a country adopts it. Both documents are below in full. These are the parameters each puts a number on.

ParameterEuropean UnionJECFA
Assayno less than 70 %no less than 70 %
Leadno more than 2 mg/kgno more than 2 mg/kg
Arsenicno more than 3 mg/kg—
Mercuryno more than 1 mg/kg—
Cadmiumno more than 1 mg/kg—

The two documents state the same figures for every parameter compared here.

How the EU defines it

The legal specification an additive must meet to be sold as this E number in the EU — what it is, how it may be made, and the purity it must reach. From Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012.

E 104 Quinoline yellow

Quinoline Yellow is prepared by sulfonating 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione or a mixture containing about two thirds 2-(2-quinolyl)indane-1,3-dione and one third 2-(2-(6-methylquinolyl))indane-1,3-dione. Quinoline Yellow consists essentially of sodium salts of a mixture of disulfonates (principally), monosulfonates and trisulfonates of the above compound and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components. Quinoline Yellow is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.

Synonyms: CI Food Yellow 13

Assay, identification and purity criteria

Description and assay

Colour Index No
47005
Einecs
305-897-5
Chemical name
The disodium salts of the disulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione (principal component)
Chemical formula
C₁₈H₉N Na₂O₈S₂ (principal component)
Molecular weight
477,38 (principal component)
Assay
Content not less than 70 % total colouring matters calculated as the sodium salt Quinoline Yellow shall have the following composition: Of the total colouring matters present: — not less than 80 % shall be disodium 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione-disulfonates — not more than 15 % shall be sodium 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione-monosulfonates — not more than 7,0 % shall be trisodium 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione-trisulfonate [image] 865 (principal component) at ca. 411 nm in aqueous acetic acid solution
Description
Yellow powder or granules
Appearance of the aqueous solution
Yellow

Identification

Spectrometry
Maximum in aqueous acetic acid solution of pH 5 at ca. 411 nm

Purity criteria

Water insoluble matter
Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters
Not more than 4,0 %
2-methylquinoline
[image] | Total not more than 0,5 % 2-methylquinoline-sulfonic acid Phthalic acid 2,6-dimethyl quinoline 2,6-dimethyl quinoline sulfonic acid
2-(2-quinolyl)indan-1,3-dione
Not more than 4 mg/kg
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter
Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic
Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead
Not more than 2 mg/kg
Mercury
Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium
Not more than 1 mg/kg

Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012, Annex, E 104

How JECFA defines it

The international specification for identity and purity, prepared by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives and published by FAO. It is a different document from any above, written by a different body and revised on its own cycle; it is advisory, and a country adopts it or does not.

INS 104 Quinoline Yellow

Quinoline Yellow is manufactured by sulfonating 2-(2-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione. It consists predominantly of sodium salts of disulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione with smaller amounts of monosulfonates and trisulfonates; and subsidiary colouring matters, sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate. Quinoline Yellow may be converted to the corresponding aluminium lake, in which case only the General Specifications for Aluminium Lakes of Colouring Matters apply.

Synonyms: INS No. 104; CI Food Yellow 13; CI (1982) No. 47005 CI (1975) No. 47005

Assay, identification and purity criteria

Description and assay

Specification history
Prepared at the 82 nd JECFA (2016) and published in FAO JECFA Monograph 19 (2016), superseding tentative specifications prepared at the 74 th JECFA (2011) and published in FAO JECFA Monographs 11 (2011). An ADI of ADI of 0–3 mg/kg bw was established at the 82nd JECFA (2016).
Chemical name
Disodium 2-(2-quinolyl)indan-1,3-dionedisulphonate (principal component)
C.A.S. number
80583-08-0 (principal component)
Chemical formula
C18H9NO8S2Na2 (principal component)
Structural formula
(Principal component) (NaO3S)2
Formula weight
477.38 (Principal component)
Assay
Not less than 70% total colouring matters. Of the total colouring matters present: - not less than 80% of disodium 2-(2-quinolyl)-indan-1,3-dione-disulfonates; - not more than 15% of sodium 2-(2-quinolyl)-indan-1,3-dione-monosulfonates; - not more than 7% of trisodium 2-(2-quinolyl)-indan-1,3-dione-trisulfonate
DESCRIPTION
Yellow powder or granules
FUNCTIONAL USES
Colour
METHOD OF ASSAY
Determine total colouring matters using Procedure 1 in Volume 4 (under “Specific Methods, Food Colours”) and mono-, di- and trisulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl)-indan-1,3-dione by reversed-phase HPLC (Vol.4). Total colouring matters Solvent: Water Absorptivity (a) = 8 7.9 L/(g∙cm) Wavelength of maximum absorbance = 414 nm Mono-, di- and trisulfonates Determine sodium salts of mono-, di- and trisulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl)- indan-1,3-dione by reversed-phase HPLC using the following conditions: Solvent A: 0.1 M ammonium acetate in water/methanol (95:5, v/v) Solvent B: methanol Injection volume: 20 μl Column: Hypersil RP C8 (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.,5 μm particle size) or equivalent. Column temperature: 25 º Detector: UV-Vis/PDA at 414 nm Flow rate: 1 ml/min Gradient: Min %A %B 0 90 10 30 0 100 Standard solution (for retention times): 10 mg of Quinoline Yellow containing mono-, di-, and trisulfonates in 100 ml of water/methanol (75:25). Sample solution: 10 mg of sample in 100 ml of water/methanol (75:25). Calculation: Express the results as percentage of the peak area of each components/the peak area of total peaks on the chromatogram.

Identification

Solubility (Vol. 4)
Freely soluble in water; sparingly soluble in ethanol
Spectrophotometry (Vol.4)
The UV-visible absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of the sample shows a maximum wavelength approximately at 414 nm.

Purity criteria

Loss on drying at 135 o ,
Not more than 30%
chloride and sulfate as sodium salts (Vol. 4)
Determine according to Loss on drying in Volume 4 (under “Specific Methods, Food Colours”).
Water-insoluble matter (Vol. 4)
Not more than 0.2%
Subsidiary colouring matters
Not more than 4 mg/kg of 2-(2-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione and 2-[2-(6-methylquinolyl)]-1,3-indandione See description under TESTS
Organic compounds other than colouring matters (Vol. 4)
Not more than 0.5%, sum of 2-methylquinoline, 2-methylquinolinesulfonic acid and phthalic acid See description under TESTS
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines (Vol. 4)
Not more than 0.01% calculated as aniline
Ether-extractable matter (Vol. 4)
Not more than 0.2%
Lead (Vol. 4)
Not more than 2 mg/kg Determine using a method appropriate to the specified level. The selection of sample size and method of sample preparation may be based on the principles of the method described in Volume 4 (under “General Methods, Metallic Impurities”).
Zinc (Vol. 4)
Not more than 50 mg/kg Determine using a method appropriate to the specified level. The selection of sample size and method of sample preparation may be based on the principles of the method described in Volume 4 (under “General Methods, Metallic Impurities”).
Test: Subsidiary colouring matters
Determine 2-(2-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione and 2-[2-(6-methyl-quinolyl)]- 1,3-indandione by reversed-phase HPLC (Vol.4) using the following conditions: Solvent A: 0.05 M ammonium acetate Solvent B; acetonitrile Injection volume: 100 μl Column: C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size) Detector: UV-Vis/PDA at 436 nm Flow rate: 1 ml/min Gradient: Min %A %B 0 40 60 19.9 40 60 20.0 0 100 35.0 0 100 Standards: 2-(2-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione, Sigma 01354 or equivalent; 2-[2-(6-methyl-quinolyl)]-1,3-indandione, Chemos GmbH or equivalent. Sample preparation: Dissolve 1 g of sample in 10 ml of hot water. Allow solution to cool to room temperature. Extract analytes using chloroform, evaporate the solvent and dissolve the residue in acetonitrile.
Test: Organic compounds other than colouring matters (Vol. 4)
Determine sum of 2-methylquinoline, 2-methylquinolinesulfonic acid and phthalic acid by reversed-phase HPLC (under “Specific Methods, Food Colours”) using the following conditions: Solvent A: 0.2 M ammonium acetate in water/methanol (95:5, v/v) Solvent B: methanol I njection volume: 20 μ l Detector wavelength: UV/PDA at 254 nm Flow rate: 1 ml/min Gradient: Min %A %B 0 100 0 8.8 80 20 9.0 0 100 12.0 0 100 Note: A general gradient for the separation of organic compounds other than colouring matters in several food colours is given in Vol. 4. The above gradient may be use for the analytes in Quinoline Yellow. Standard solution: 0.1% of quinaldine-6-sulfonic acid, quinaldine-6,8-disulfonic acid, trisodium salt of 4-sulfophthalic acid and 3-sulfophthalic acid in Solvent A Sample solution: 100 mg (± 5 mg) of sample in 10 ml of water
Test: Appendix Typical HPLC chromatogram of Quinoline Yellow
Time (min)

FAO JECFA Monograph (2016)

Every name it appears under

32 recorded names. A label may use any of them.

E number

  • E104

INS number

  • 104

CAS registry number

  • 8004-92-0

As it appears in regulation

  • Quinoline Yellow

Other names

  • E 104
  • QUINOLINE YELLOW

Systematic names

  • Disodium 2-(1,3-dioxoinden-2-yl)quinoline-6,8-disulfonate

The EU re-evaluation programme

Every additive authorised in the EU before 20 January 2009 was put back through EFSA by Commission Regulation (EU) No 257/2010, and this one is named in it. What the Regulation required is below; whether the opinion has since been published is not something this site records.

  • Already re-evaluated when the programme began. Listed in Annex I as “Quinoline Yellow”, against the words “Re-evaluation completed on 23 September 2009”, and therefore not re-evaluated again under it.

Hazard reference values

The two committees set different figures. EFSA's acceptable daily intake is 0.5 mg/kg bw/day (2015); JECFA's is 3 mg/kg bw/day (2016). An acceptable daily intake is a reference value set by a committee, not a threshold above which harm begins. The lower figure is not a finding that the other body was wrong: the two work to different terms of reference, on their own timetables, and sometimes from different data. This site states both and chooses between them nowhere. See where the two committees differ.

Values set by assessing bodies. A body that has not set a value is not listed here.
TypeValuePopulationAssessed byOpinion
ADI3 mg/kg bw/day—JECFA2016
ADI0.5 mg/kg bw/dayconsumersEFSA ANS2015
ADI0.5 mg/kg bw/dayconsumersEFSA FEEDAP2013

Evidence and how bodies read it

Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

McCann D, Barrett A, Cooper A, Crumpler D, Dalen L, Grimshaw K, et al.. The Lancet. 2007 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61306-3

Design
RCT
Model
human
Dose
Two mixtures of four synthetic colours plus sodium benzoate, at doses chosen to reflect typical UK intakes, given in a drink; challenge and placebo periods.
Endpoint
Global hyperactivity aggregate, combining teacher and parent ratings with a computerised attention test.
Funding
UK Food Standards Agency

What it found. Reported a small increase in the composite hyperactivity measure in 3-year-olds and 8/9-year-olds during the additive-challenge periods compared with placebo. The authors described the effects as modest and variable between individuals.

Limitations. The additives were given as mixtures, so the result cannot be attributed to any single colour or to the benzoate. Effect sizes were small relative to the spread between children, adherence differed between age groups, and the trial measured behaviour over short challenge periods rather than long-term outcomes.

How different bodies read the evidence

Each conclusion is paraphrased in the body's own framing, from the published opinion linked beneath it. Where bodies differ, both stand; this site does not adjudicate between them or add a view of its own.

  1. EFSA 2015

    In a refined exposure assessment carried out after the European Commission reduced or withdrew maximum permitted levels for Quinoline Yellow (E 104) from 2013, EFSA found that mean and high-level exposure estimates were below the ADI of 0.5 mg/kg bw/day for all population groups in all scenarios.

    Source document

  2. EFSA 2009

    The ANS Panel concluded that the toxicity database, including a rat study not apparently considered by earlier committees, justified redefining the ADI for Quinoline Yellow (E 104), and set it at 0.5 mg/kg bw/day (previously 10 mg/kg bw/day). It noted that refined intake estimates at maximum levels of use were generally well above the new ADI.

    Source document

  3. EFSA 2008

    Judged the trial to provide limited evidence of a small effect on activity and attention in some children, but held that the mixtures tested did not allow any effect to be attributed to an individual additive, and that the findings did not warrant changing the acceptable daily intakes.

    Action taken: Left intake limits unchanged

    Source document

  4. European Union (legislature) 2008

    Took the same evidence as grounds for a consumer-information measure rather than a change in permitted levels, requiring foods containing these colours to carry the statement that they 'may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children'.

    Action taken: Imposed a mandatory warning statement while leaving the additives authorised

    Source document

Common questions

Assembled from what is above, in the words the questions are usually asked in. Each answer is the same statement the relevant section makes, with the same citations behind it.

What is E 104?
E 104 is Quinoline yellow. Quinoline Yellow is a synthetic greenish-yellow dye used in soft drinks, confectionery and desserts. It is one of the six colours that must carry the activity-and-attention warning in the EU.
What is Quinoline yellow used for in food?
It is listed as a colour — the role Codex and the EU assign it. This page shows every function each regulator records, with the citation for each.
Where is Quinoline yellow permitted?
Of the seven regulators this site reads, Australia and New Zealand, the EU, Great Britain and the Codex standard permit it. Each permission is for named foods at named levels, not a blanket one; the table on this page gives them with citations.
Is Quinoline yellow vegan?
Yes. Quinoline yellow is not derived from animals, and is suitable for vegetarians. This page says what it is made from and how.

Sources for this page

  • anz retrieved 2026-10-17
  • eu retrieved 2026-10-18
  • gb retrieved 2026-10-18
  • gsfa retrieved 2026-09-07
  • euspecs retrieved 2026-10-18
  • jecfaspecs retrieved 2026-09-23

Full licence terms and publisher details on Sources. How this page is built and updated: Method.

Machine-readable: a JSON record of this additive is given on request —how to ask for access.

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