beta-Carotenes, synthetic

INS 160a(i)

Used as a colour.

This is beta-carotene made by chemical synthesis, which is the source of most of the beta-carotene used as a colour. The molecule is identical to the one in carrots.

Where it is and isn’t permitted

Status of beta-Carotenes, synthetic by jurisdiction. Every jurisdiction this site covers is listed, including those where the substance does not appear.
JurisdictionStatusScope and limitsCitation
United StatesFood and Drug AdministrationNot listedDoes not appear on this jurisdiction’s permitted list. That is not the same as being prohibited.
Codex AlimentariusCodex Alimentarius Commission / JECFAPermitted, with conditions

73 food categories

highest permitted level 1,500 mg/kg

Show every food category
  • 01.1.4 Flavoured Fluid Milk Drinks — 20 mg/kg
  • 01.3.2 Beverage whiteners — 10 mg/kg
  • 01.4.4 Cream analogues — 20 mg/kg
  • 01.5.2 Milk and cream powder analogues — 6 mg/kg
  • 01.6.1 Unripened cheese — 3 mg/kg
  • 01.6.2.1 Ripened cheese, includes rind — 25 mg/kg
  • 01.6.2.2 Rind of ripened cheese — 100 mg/kg
  • 01.6.2.3 Cheese powder (for reconstitution; e.g. for cheese sauces) — 20 mg/kg
  • 01.6.4 Processed cheese — 25 mg/kg
  • 01.6.5 Cheese analogues — 25 mg/kg
  • 01.7 Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt) — 20 mg/kg
  • 02.1.2 Vegetable oils and fats — 25 mg/kg
  • 02.1.3 Lard, tallow, fish oil, and other animal fats — 10 mg/kg
  • 02.2.1 Butter — 12 mg/kg
  • 02.2.2 Fat spreads, dairy fat spreads and blended spreads — 35 mg/kg
  • 02.3 Fat emulsions mainly of type oil-in-water, including mixed and/or flavoured products based on fat emulsions — 10 mg/kg
  • 02.4 Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7 — 15 mg/kg
  • 03.0 Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet — 70 mg/kg
  • 04.1.2.10 Fermented fruit products — 10 mg/kg
  • 04.1.2.11 Fruit fillings for pastries — 10 mg/kg
  • 04.1.2.3 Fruit in vinegar, oil, or brine — 50 mg/kg
  • 04.1.2.4 Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit — 50 mg/kg
  • 04.1.2.5 — 15 mg/kg
  • 04.1.2.6 Fruit-based spreads (e.g. chutney) excluding products of food category — 10 mg/kg
  • 04.1.2.7 Candied fruit — 30 mg/kg
  • 04.1.2.8 Fruit preparations, including pulp, purees, fruit toppings and coconut milk — 18 mg/kg
  • 04.1.2.9 Fruit-based desserts, incl. fruit-flavoured water-based desserts — 50 mg/kg
  • 04.2.1.2 Surface-treated fresh vegetables, (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweeds and nuts and seeds — 50 mg/kg
  • 04.2.2.2 Dried vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweeds, and nuts and seeds — 50 mg/kg
  • 04.2.2.3 Vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), and seaweeds in vinegar, oil, brine, or soybean sauce — 5 mg/kg
  • 04.2.2.4 Canned or bottled (pasteurized) or retort pouch vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), and seaweeds — 50 mg/kg
  • 04.2.2.5 Vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweed, and nut and seed purees and spreads (e.g. peanut butter) — 50 mg/kg
  • 04.2.2.6 Vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweed, and nut and seed pulps and preparations (e.g. vegetable desserts and sauces, candied vegetables) other than food category 04.2.2.5 — 50 mg/kg
  • 04.2.2.7 Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1, — 5 mg/kg
  • 05.1.3 Cocoa-based spreads, incl. fillings — 3 mg/kg
  • 05.1.4 Cocoa and chocolate products — 100 mg/kg
  • 05.1.5 Imitation chocolate, chocolate substitute products — 100 mg/kg
  • 05.2 Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougats, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3, and 05.4 — 100 mg/kg
  • 05.3 Chewing gum — 100 mg/kg
  • 05.4 Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit), and sweet sauces — 100 mg/kg
  • 06.3 Breakfast cereals, including rolled oats — 200 mg/kg
  • 06.4.3 Pre-cooked pastas and noodles and like products — 40 mg/kg
  • 06.5 Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding) — 50 mg/kg
  • 06.6 Batters (e.g. for breading or batters for fish or poultry) — 50 mg/kg
  • 06.8.1 Soybean-based beverages — 25 mg/kg
  • 07.1.2 Crackers, excluding sweet crackers — 200 mg/kg
  • 07.1.3 Other ordinary bakery products (e.g. bagels, pita, English muffins) — 60 mg/kg
  • 07.1.4 Bread-type products, including bread stuffing and bread crumbs — 30 mg/kg
  • 07.1.5 Steamed breads and buns — 1 mg/kg
  • 07.2 Fine bakery wares (sweet, salty, savoury) and mixes — 42 mg/kg
  • 08.3.1 Non-heat treated processed comminuted meat, poultry, and game products — 20 mg/kg
  • 08.3.2 Heat-treated processed comminuted meat, poultry, and game products — 20 mg/kg
  • 08.4 Edible casings (e.g. sausage casings) — 1,500 mg/kg
  • 09.2 Processed fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms — 100 mg/kg
  • 09.3 Semi-preserved fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms — 20 mg/kg
  • 09.4 Fully preserved, including canned or fermented fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms — 20 mg/kg
  • 10.4 Egg-based desserts (e.g. custard) — 15 mg/kg
  • 12.2.2 Seasonings and condiments — 100 mg/kg
  • 12.4 Mustards — 5 mg/kg
  • 12.5 Soups and broths — 10 mg/kg
  • 12.6 Sauces and like products — 80 mg/kg
  • 12.7 Salads (e.g. macaroni salad, potato salad) and sandwich spreads excluding cocoa-and nut-based spreads of food categories 04.2.2.5 and 05.1.3 — 20 mg/kg
  • 13.3 Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes (excluding products of food category 13.1) — 50 mg/kg
  • 13.4 Dietetic formulae for slimming purposes and weight reduction — 8 mg/kg
  • 13.5 Dietetic foods (e.g. supplementary foods for dietary use) excluding products of food categories — 100 mg/kg
  • 13.6 Food supplements — 220 mg/kg
  • 14.1.4 Water-based flavoured drinks, including "sport," “energy,” or "electrolyte" drinks and particulated drinks — 25 mg/kg
  • 14.2.2 Cider and perry — 3 mg/kg
  • 14.2.4 Wines (other than grape) — 3 mg/kg
  • 14.2.6 Distilled spirituous beverages containing more than 15% alcohol — 3 mg/kg
  • 14.2.7 Aromatized alcoholic beverages (e.g. beer, wine and spirituous cooler-type beverages, low-alcoholic refreshers) — 15 mg/kg
  • 15.1 Snacks - potato, cereal, flour or starch based (from roots and tubers, pulses and legumes) — 30 mg/kg
  • 15.2 Processed nuts, including coated nuts and nut mixtures (with e.g. dried fruit) — 30 mg/kg
CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 160a(i)and 72 further provisionsretrieved 2026-09-07

What it is made from

Synthesised from petroleum-derived intermediates. Preparations are often suspended in oil or, for water-dispersible forms, carried in a matrix that may include gelatin — which is a dietary question about the preparation rather than the pigment.

  • Vegan status depends on the source
  • Vegetarian status depends on the source
  • May raise a halal question
  • May raise a kosher question

This is not an omission. What this additive is made from is not fixed — depending on the manufacturer it may be plant, animal or microbial in origin, nobody is required to say which, and the same product can change source between production runs. Ask the manufacturer if it matters to you; a label cannot answer it.

Every name it appears under

3 recorded names. A label may use any of them.

INS number

  • 160a(i)

Other names

  • beta-Carotenes, synthetic
  • CAROTENES, BETA-

Hazard reference values

No reference value for this substance in the sources we hold.

Evidence and how bodies read it

Studies, and the differing conclusions regulators drew from them, are curated by hand rather than machine-read, and none has been written for this substance yet.

Sources for this page

  • gsfa retrieved 2026-09-07

Full licence terms and publisher details on Sources. How this page is built and updated: Method.

Machine-readable:/api/v1/additives/beta-carotenes-synthetic.json