Carnauba wax
8015-86-9 · Carnauba wax · E 903 · E903 · 903 · Carnauba wax · Carnauba wax · Carnaubavoks · Carnaubawachs · Carnaubawas · Ceară de carnauba · CERA CARNAUBA · Cera de carnauba · Cera di carnauba · Cire de carnauba · Karnauba vosak · karnauba vosek · Karnaubavaha · Karnaubavax · Karnaubaviasz · Karnaubo vaškas · Karnaubský vosk · Karnaubvasks · Wosk carnauba · Xama' tal-karnawba · Καρναουβικός κηρός · Карнаубов восъкE number E903INS 903CAS 8015-86-9
Listed as a glazing agent by Canada, Codex and the US.
Listed as glazing and surface-finishing agents (CA, US, Codex) · acidity regulators (US, Codex) · anticaking agents (US, Codex) · bulking agents (Codex) · antifoaming agents (CA) · carriers (Codex) · formulation aids (US) · lubricants and release agents (US) · processing aids (US)
- Canada: Glazing agent — Health Canada, List of Permitted Glazing Agents (List 7)
- United States: Surface-finishing agent — FDA, Substances Added to Food: CARNAUBA WAX (COPERNICIA CERIFERA (ARRUDA) MART.)
- United States: Surface-finishing agents — 21 CFR 184.1978, citing 21 CFR 170.3(o)(30)
- Codex Alimentarius: Glazing agent — CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 903
- United States: pH control agent — FDA, Substances Added to Food: CARNAUBA WAX (COPERNICIA CERIFERA (ARRUDA) MART.)
- Codex Alimentarius: Acidity regulator — CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 903
- United States: Anticaking agent or free-flow agent — FDA, Substances Added to Food: CARNAUBA WAX (COPERNICIA CERIFERA (ARRUDA) MART.)
- United States: Anticaking agents and free-flow agents — 21 CFR 184.1978, citing 21 CFR 170.3(o)(1)
- Codex Alimentarius: Anticaking agent — CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 903
- Codex Alimentarius: Bulking agent — CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 903
- Canada: Antifoaming agent — Health Canada, List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use (List 8)
- Codex Alimentarius: Carrier — CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 903
- United States: Formulation aid — FDA, Substances Added to Food: CARNAUBA WAX (COPERNICIA CERIFERA (ARRUDA) MART.)
- United States: Formulation aids — 21 CFR 184.1978, citing 21 CFR 170.3(o)(14)
- United States: Lubricant or release agent — FDA, Substances Added to Food: CARNAUBA WAX (COPERNICIA CERIFERA (ARRUDA) MART.)
- United States: Lubricants and release agents — 21 CFR 184.1978, citing 21 CFR 170.3(o)(18)
- United States: Processing aid — FDA, Substances Added to Food: CARNAUBA WAX (COPERNICIA CERIFERA (ARRUDA) MART.)
Carnauba wax is a hard plant wax used to glaze confectionery, coated sweets, fresh fruit and tablets.
Where it is and isn’t permitted
| Jurisdiction | Status | Scope and limits | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australia and New Zealand | Permitted, with conditions | 55 food categories no numerical limit (good manufacturing practice) Show every food category
| Food Standards Code, Schedule 15, S15—5and 54 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-17 |
| Canada | Permitted, with conditions | highest permitted level 4,000 mg/kg 2 permitted uses Show every permitted use
| Health Canadaand 1 further provisionretrieved 2026-10-17 |
| European Union | Permitted, with conditions | 11 food categories highest permitted level 3,600 mg/kg Show every food category
| Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, Annex IIand 10 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-18 |
| Great Britain | Permitted, with conditions | 11 food categories highest permitted level 3,600 mg/kg or mg/l Show every food category
| Assimilated Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008and 10 further provisionsretrieved 2026-10-18 |
| Japan | No listing matchedThis site imports only Japan’s list of designated additives (Appended Table 1 to the Regulations for Enforcement of the Food Sanitation Act), matched by English name. Existing additives, natural flavouring agents and ordinary foods used as additives are permitted outside that list and are not imported, so an empty row does not show that Japan does not permit the substance. | ||
| South Korea | Permitted, with conditions | Designated food additive: Standards and Specifications for Food Additives, Part III, 1. …Designated food additive: Standards and Specifications for Food Additives, Part III, 1. 일반식품첨가물 (general food additives), 카나우바왁스 (“Carnauba Wax”, the English the Code prints beside it). Main use (주용도) of 카나우바왁스: 유화제, 증점제, 안정제, 피막제. Standard for use (사용기준) of 카나우바왁스: (1) [to be used under the general standard for use in II. 2. 1), the minimum amount that achieves the technical effect, with no limit set for this additive in particular] “II. 2. 1)의 규정에 따라 사용하여야 한다.” The Korean is the standard as published. There is no official English translation of the current Code (the English version on MFDS’s website is the 2020 edition and has no legal effect); the English in square brackets is this site’s description of what each sentence does, not a translation of the foods or the levels. Compositional specifications (Part IV) are not imported, nor are the general standards in Part II, which apply to every additive. | Standards and Specifications for Food Additives (식품첨가물의 기준 및 규격), MFDS Notification, Part III (Standards for use, by item)retrieved 2026-10-18 |
| United States | Permitted | 21 CFR 184.1978retrieved 2026-10-17 | |
| Codex Alimentarius | Permitted, with conditions | 13 food categories highest permitted level 5,000 mg/kg Show every food category and its notes
| CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 903and 12 further provisionsretrieved 2026-09-07 |
How much is permitted
A listing usually limits the quantity as well as the food. Only one of the forms that takes is a figure: quantum satis and good manufacturing practice permit the amount the technological effect requires and no more, which is a limit rather than the absence of one. Figures below are the range across every food category this page is listed in, and categories differ between regulators — see how much is permitted.
| Australia and New Zealand | — | 55 GMP |
|---|---|---|
| Canada | 6 mg/kg – 4,000 mg/kg | 2 numeric limit |
| European Union | 200 mg/kg – 3,600 mg/kg | 11 numeric limit |
| Great Britain | 200 mg/kg – 3,600 mg/kg | 10 numeric limit, 1 several limits |
| South Korea | — | 1 no quantity stated |
| United States | — | 1 no quantity stated |
| Codex Alimentarius | 200 mg/kg – 5,000 mg/kg | 12 numeric limit, 1 GMP |
What it is made from
Collected from the leaves of the Brazilian carnauba palm, Copernicia prunifera, which secretes it to reduce water loss. The leaves are dried and the wax beaten off, so the tree is not felled.
- Vegan
- Vegetarian
Compare other additives on the dietary indexes.
- CAS registry number
- 8015-86-9
The two specifications, compared
The European Union sets identity and purity by regulation; JECFA publishes its own through FAO, advisory until a country adopts it. Both documents are below in full. These are the parameters each puts a number on.
| Parameter | European Union | JECFA |
|---|---|---|
| Sulphated ash | no more than 0.25 % | no more than 0.25 % |
| Lead | no more than 2 mg/kg | no more than 2 mg/kg |
| Arsenic | no more than 3 mg/kg | — |
| Mercury | no more than 1 mg/kg | — |
The two documents state the same figures for every parameter compared here.
How the EU defines it
The legal specification an additive must meet to be sold as this E number in the EU — what it is, how it may be made, and the purity it must reach. From Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012.
E 903 Carnauba wax
Carnauba wax is a purified wax obtained from the leaf buds and leaves of the Brazilian Mart wax palm, Copernicia cerifera
Assay, identification and purity criteria
Description and assay
- Einecs
- 232-399-4
- Description
- Light brown to pale yellow powder or flakes or hard and brittle solid with a resinous fracture
Identification
- Specific gravity
- About 0,997
- Melting range
- Between 82 °C and 86 °C
- Solubility
- Insoluble in water, partly soluble in boiling ethanol, soluble in chloroform and diethyl ether
Purity criteria
- Sulphated ash
- Not more than 0,25 %
- Acid value
- Not less than 2 and not more than 7
- Ester value
- Not less than 71 and not more than 88
- Unsaponifiable matter
- Not less than 50 % and not more than 55 %
- Arsenic
- Not more than 3 mg/kg
- Lead
- Not more than 2 mg/kg
- Mercury
- Not more than 1 mg/kg
How JECFA defines it
The international specification for identity and purity, prepared by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives and published by FAO. It is a different document from any above, written by a different body and revised on its own cycle; it is advisory, and a country adopts it or does not.
INS 903 Carnauba Wax
The refined wax obtained from the fronds of the Brazilian tropical palm tree Copernicia cerifera (Arruda) Mart. [syn. C. purnifera (Muell.)]; a complex mixture of several chemical compounds, predominantly esters, e.g., - aliphatic esters (straight-chain acids with even-numbered carbon chains from C 24 to C 28 and straight-chain alcohols with even-numbered carbon chains from C 30 to C 34 ), - alpha-hydroxy esters (straight-chain hydroxy acids with even-numbered carbon chains from C 22 to C 28 , straight-chain acids with even-numbered carbon chains from C 24 to C 28 , straight-chain monohydric alcohols with even-numbered carbon chains from C 24 to C 34 and dihydric alcohols with even-numbered carbon chains from C 24 to C 34 ) - cinnamic aliphatic diesters (p-methoxycinnamic acid and dihydric alcohols with even-numbered carbon chains from C 24 to C 34 ) It also contains free acids (straight-chain acids with even-numbered carbon chains from C 24 to C 28 ), free alcohols (straight-chain alcohols with even-numbered carbon chains from C 30 to C 34 ), hydrocarbons (straight-chain odd-numbered carbon chains from C 27 to C 31 ) and resins.
Synonyms: INS No. 903
Assay, identification and purity criteria
Description and assay
- Specification history
- Prepared at the 51st JECFA (1998), published in FNP 52 Add 6 (1998) superseding specifications prepared at the 44th JECFA (1995), published in FNP 52 Add 3 (1995). ADI 0-7 mg/kg bw, established at the 39th JECFA in 1992.
- C.A.S. number
- 8015-86-9
- DESCRIPTION
- A pale yellow to light brown, hard and brittle solid, having a clean fracture
- FUNCTIONAL USES
- Glazing agent, bulking agent, acidity regulator, carrier
Identification
- Solubility (Vol. 4)
- Insoluble in water; partially soluble in boiling ethanol; soluble in ether
- Melting range (Vol. 4)
- 80 - 86º
Purity criteria
- Acid value (Vol. 4)
- Between 2 and 7
- Saponification value (Vol. 4)
- Between 78 and 95
- Ester value
- Between 71 and 93 Subtract the Acid value from the Saponification value to obtain the Ester value.
- Sulfated ash (Vol. 4)
- Not more than 0.25 % w/w Heat a 2-g sample in a tared, open porcelain or platinum dish over an open flame. It volatilizes without emitting an acrid odour. Ignite as described in procedure for Ash (sulfated ash) Method I.
- Unsaponifiable matter
- Between 50 % and 55 % See description under TESTS
- Lead (Vol. 4)
- Not more than 2 mg/kg Prepare a sample solution as directed for organic compounds in the Limit Test and determine by atomic absorption spectroscopy , Volume 4
- Test: Unsaponifiable matter
- Weigh accurately about 5 g of the sample into a 250-ml flask, add a solution of 2 g of potassium hydroxide in 40 ml ethanol, and boil gently under reflux for 1 h or until saponification is complete. Transfer the content of the flask to a glass-stoppered extraction cylinder (approximately 30 cm in length, 3.5 cm in diameter and graduated at 40, 80 and 130 ml).Wash the flask with sufficient alcohol to achieve a volume of 40 ml in the cylinder, and complete the transfer with warm and then cold water until the total volume is 80 ml. Finally wash the flask with a few ml of petroleum ether, add the washings to the cylinder, cool the contents of the cylinder to room temperature and add 50 ml of petroleum ether. Insert the stopper and shake the cylinder vigorously for at least 1 min, and allow both layers to become clear. Siphon the upper ether layer as completely as possible without removing any of the lower layer, collecting the ether fraction in a 500-ml separator. Repeat extraction and siphoning at least six times with 50-ml portions of petroleum ether, shaking vigorously each time. Wash the combined extracts, with vigorous shaking, with 25-ml portions of 10% ethanol until the wash water is neutral to phenolphthalein, and discard the washings. Transfer the ether extract to a tared beaker and rinse the separator with 10-ml of ether, adding the rinsings to the beaker. Evaporate the ether at a steam bath just to dryness, and dry the residue to constant weight, preferably at 75º to 80º under vacuum of not more than 200 mm of Hg, or at 100º for 30 min. Cool in a desiccator and weigh to obtain weight of unsaponifiable matter. Dissolve the residue in 50 ml of warm neutral ethanol and titrate with 0.02N sodium hydroxide using phenolphthalein as indicator. Each ml of 0.02N sodium hydroxide is equivalent to 5.659 mg of fatty acids, calculated as oleic acid. Subtract the calculated weight of fatty acids from the weight of the residue to obtain the corrected weight of unsaponifiable matter in the sample.
Authorised in other additives, enzymes, flavourings and nutrients
These authorisations are not for use in food. They let this substance be used inside another additive, a food enzyme, a flavouring or a nutrient preparation — often as a carrier — and it reaches food only as part of that product. Annex III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008.
| Part | May be used in | Maximum level | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annex III, Part 2: Food additives other than carriers in food additives | As stabiliser in preparations of sweeteners and/or acids intended to be used in chewing gumNote (1): Except enzymes authorised as food additives. | 130 000 mg/kg in the preparation, 1 200 mg/kg in final product from all sources | Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, Annex III, Part 2 |
Every name it appears under
27 recorded names. A label may use any of them.
E number
- E903
INS number
- 903
CAS registry number
- 8015-86-9
As it appears in regulation
- Carnauba wax
Other names
- Carnauba wax
- E 903
Hazard reference values
EFSA and JECFA have both set an acceptable daily intake for Carnauba wax, and they agree: 7 mg/kg bw. An acceptable daily intake is a reference value set by a committee, not a threshold above which harm begins. See where the two committees differ.
| Type | Value | Population | Assessed by | Opinion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADI | 7 mg/kg bw/day | — | JECFA | 1992 |
| ADI | 7 mg/kg bw | consumers | EFSA | not identified in the dataset |
Evidence and how bodies read it
What assessing bodies concluded
Each conclusion is paraphrased in the body's own framing, from the published opinion linked beneath it. Where bodies differ, both stand; this site does not adjudicate between them or add a view of its own.
EFSA 2012
The ANS Panel found no concern for genotoxicity with carnauba wax (E 903) but did not establish an ADI because long-term toxicity data were lacking. On the basis of sufficient margins of safety, it concluded that use as a food additive at the currently authorised uses would not be of safety concern.
Common questions
Assembled from what is above, in the words the questions are usually asked in. Each answer is the same statement the relevant section makes, with the same citations behind it.
- What is E 903?
- E 903 is Carnauba wax. Carnauba wax is a hard plant wax used to glaze confectionery, coated sweets, fresh fruit and tablets.
- What is Carnauba wax used for in food?
- It is listed as a glazing agent — the role Canada, Codex and the US assign it. This page shows every function each regulator records, with the citation for each.
- Where is Carnauba wax permitted?
- Of the seven regulators this site reads, Australia and New Zealand, Canada, the EU, Great Britain, South Korea, the US and the Codex standard permit it. Each permission is for named foods at named levels, not a blanket one; the table on this page gives them with citations.
- Is Carnauba wax vegan?
- Yes. Carnauba wax is not derived from animals, and is suitable for vegetarians. This page says what it is made from and how.
Sources for this page
- anz retrieved 2026-10-17
- ca retrieved 2026-10-17
- eu retrieved 2026-10-18
- gb retrieved 2026-10-18
- kr retrieved 2026-10-18
- ecfr retrieved 2026-10-17
- gsfa retrieved 2026-09-07
- euspecs retrieved 2026-10-18
- jecfaspecs retrieved 2026-09-23
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