06.5 Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding)
Codex food category, from Codex General Standard for Food Additives (CXS 192-1995), Annex B.
Codex's category system is hierarchical: an additive recognised for a general category is recognised for all its subcategories, unless otherwise stated. So this page lists the additives provided for this category directly, and then those provided for the broader categories that contain it. The exceptions — "unless otherwise stated" — are carried in the notes beside each provision: a note such as "Excluding chocolate milk" narrows what the provision permits, including for the subcategories that inherit it. Read the notes on a broader category's provisions before applying them here.
Provided for this category
| Additive | Maximum level | Notes | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acesulfame potassium E950 | 350 mg/kg | Note 188 If used in combination with aspartame-acesulfame salt (INS 962), the combined maximum use level, expressed as acesulfame potassium, should not exceed this level. Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 950, food category 06.5 |
| Advantame E969 | 10 mg/kg | Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 969, food category 06.5 |
| Amaranth E123 | 80 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 123, food category 06.5 |
| Ammonium phosphate, dibasic INS 342(ii) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 342(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Ammonium phosphate, monobasic INS 342(i) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 342(i), food category 06.5 |
| Ammonium polyphosphate INS 452(v) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 452(v), food category 06.5 |
| Annatto extracts, bixin-based E160b(i) | 10 mg/kg | Note 8 As bixin. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 160b(i), food category 06.5 |
| Annatto extracts, norbixin-based E160b(ii) | 10 mg/kg | Note 134 Except for use in cereal-based puddings at 500 mg/kg. Note 185 As norbixin. Note 665 Except for use in starch-based desserts and puddings at 50 mg/kg. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 160b(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Ascorbyl palmitate E304 | 500 mg/kg | Note 2 On the dry ingredient, dry weight, dry mix or concentrate basis. Note 10 As ascorbyl stearate. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 304, food category 06.5 |
| Ascorbyl stearate E304(ii) | 500 mg/kg | Note 2 On the dry ingredient, dry weight, dry mix or concentrate basis. Note 10 As ascorbyl stearate. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 305, food category 06.5 |
| Aspartame E951 | 1,000 mg/kg | Note 191 If used in combination with aspartame-acesulfame salt (INS 962), the combined maximum use level, expressed as aspartame, should not exceed this level. Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 951, food category 06.5 |
| Aspartame-acesulfame salt E962 | 350 mg/kg | Note 113 As acesulfame potassium equivalents (the reported maximum level can be converted to an aspartame-acesulfame salt basis by dividing by 0.44). Combined use of aspartame-acesulfame salt with individual acesulfame potassium or aspartame should not exceed the individual maximum levels for acesulfame potassium or aspartame (the reported maximum level can be converted to aspartame equivalents by dividing by 0.68). Note 477 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 962, food category 06.5 |
| Azorubine (Carmoisine) E122 | 150 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 122, food category 06.5 |
| Benzoic acid E210 | 1,000 mg/kg | Note 13 As benzoic acid. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 210, food category 06.5 |
| beta-Carotenes, Blakeslea trispora INS 160a(iii) | 50 mg/kg | Note 341 Expressed as beta-Carotene. Note 344 Singly or in combination: Beta-Carotenes (beta-carotenes, synthetic (INS 160a(i)), beta- carotenes, Blakeslea trispora (INS 160a(iii)), beta-Carotene-Rich Extract from Dunaliella salina (INS 160a(iv)) and beta-carotenes, vegetable (INS 160a(ii)). | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 160a(iii), food category 06.5 |
| beta-Carotenes, synthetic INS 160a(i) | 50 mg/kg | Note 341 Expressed as beta-Carotene. Note 344 Singly or in combination: Beta-Carotenes (beta-carotenes, synthetic (INS 160a(i)), beta- carotenes, Blakeslea trispora (INS 160a(iii)), beta-Carotene-Rich Extract from Dunaliella salina (INS 160a(iv)) and beta-carotenes, vegetable (INS 160a(ii)). | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 160a(i), food category 06.5 |
| beta-Carotenes, vegetable INS 160a(ii) | 50 mg/kg | Note 341 Expressed as beta-Carotene. Note 344 Singly or in combination: Beta-Carotenes (beta-carotenes, synthetic (INS 160a(i)), beta- carotenes, Blakeslea trispora (INS 160a(iii)), beta-Carotene-Rich Extract from Dunaliella salina (INS 160a(iv)) and beta-carotenes, vegetable (INS 160a(ii)). | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 160a(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Bone phosphate INS 542 | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 542, food category 06.5 |
| Brilliant black (Black PN) E151 | 150 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 151, food category 06.5 |
| Brown HT E155 | 30 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 155, food category 06.5 |
| Calcium benzoate E213 | 1,000 mg/kg | Note 13 As benzoic acid. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 213, food category 06.5 |
| Calcium cyclamate INS 952(ii) | 250 mg/kg | Note 17 As cyclamic acid. Note 477 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 952(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate E450(vii) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 450(vii), food category 06.5 |
| Calcium disodium EDTA E385 | 315 mg/kg | Note 21 As anhydrous calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 385, food category 06.5 |
| Calcium hydrogen phosphate E341 | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 341(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Calcium phosphate E341 | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 341(iii), food category 06.5 |
| Calcium polyphosphate E452 | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 452(iv), food category 06.5 |
| Calcium pyrophosphate E450 | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 450(vi), food category 06.5 |
| Calcium saccharin E954 | 100 mg/kg | Note 500 For saccharin and its Ca, K, Na salts, expressed as Na Saccharin. Note 477 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 954(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Calcium sorbate E203 | 1,000 mg/kg | Note 42 As sorbic acid. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 203, food category 06.5 |
| Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate E482 | 6,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 482(i), food category 06.5 |
| Canthaxanthin E161g | 15 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 161g, food category 06.5 |
| Caramel II - sulfite caramel E150b | 1,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 150b, food category 06.5 |
| Caramel III - ammonia caramel E150c | 50,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 150c, food category 06.5 |
| Caramel IV - sulfite ammonia caramel E150d | 2,500 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 150d, food category 06.5 |
| Carmines E120 | 150 mg/kg | Note 178 As carminic acid. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 120, food category 06.5 |
| Carotenal, beta-apo-8'- E160e | 11 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 160e, food category 06.5 |
| Chlorophyllin copper complexes, potassium and sodium salts INS 141(ii) | 75 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 141(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Chlorophylls, copper complexes INS 141(i) | 75 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 141(i), food category 06.5 |
| Curcumin E100 | 150 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 100(i), food category 06.5 |
| Cyclamic acid INS 952(i) | 250 mg/kg | Note 17 As cyclamic acid. Note 477 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 952(i), food category 06.5 |
| Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol E472e | 5,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 472e, food category 06.5 |
| Dipotassium phosphate E340 | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 340(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Disodium EDTA INS 386 | 315 mg/kg | Note 21 As anhydrous calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 386, food category 06.5 |
| Disodium phosphate E339 | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 339(ii), food category 06.5 |
| dl-alpha-Tocopherol INS 307c | 500 mg/kg | Note 15 On the fat or oil basis. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 307c, food category 06.5 |
| Enzymatically produced steviol glycosides E960c | 165 mg/kg | Note 26 As steviol equivalents. Note 477 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 960c, food category 06.5 |
| FD&C Blue No. 1 E133 | 150 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 133, food category 06.5 |
| FD&C Blue No. 2 E132 | 150 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 132, food category 06.5 |
| FD&C Green No. 3 INS 143 | 100 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 143, food category 06.5 |
| FD&C Red No. 40 E129 | 300 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 129, food category 06.5 |
| FD&C Yellow No. 5 E102 | 100 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 102, food category 06.5 |
| FD&C Yellow No. 6 E110 | 50 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 110, food category 06.5 |
| Glucosylated steviol glycosides E960d | 165 mg/kg | Note 26 As steviol equivalents. Note 477 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 960d, food category 06.5 |
| Grape skin extract INS 163(ii) | 200 mg/kg | Note 181 As anthocyanin. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 163(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Iron oxide, black INS 172(i) | 75 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 172(i), food category 06.5 |
| Iron oxide, red INS 172(ii) | 75 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 172(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Iron oxide, yellow INS 172(iii) | 75 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 172(iii), food category 06.5 |
| Jagua (genipin-glycine) blue INS 183 | 84 mg/kg | Note 601 On a blue polymer basis. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 183, food category 06.5 |
| Lauric arginate ethyl ester E243 | 200 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 243, food category 06.5 |
| Magnesium dihydrogen diphosphate E450(ix) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 450(ix), food category 06.5 |
| Magnesium dihydrogen phosphate INS 343(i) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 343(i), food category 06.5 |
| Magnesium hydrogen phosphate INS 343(ii) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 343(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Magnesium phosphate INS 343(iii) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 343(iii), food category 06.5 |
| Monobasic calcium phosphate E341 | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 341(i), food category 06.5 |
| Neotame E961 | 33 mg/kg | Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 961, food category 06.5 |
| Nisin preparation E234 | 3 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 234(i), food category 06.5 |
| Paprika extract INS 160c(ii) | 100 mg/kg | Note 39 On a total carotenoid basis. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 160c(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Pentapotassium triphosphate INS 451(ii) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 451(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Phosphoric acid E338 | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 338, food category 06.5 |
| Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids E475 | 2,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 475, food category 06.5 |
| Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid E476 | 5,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 476, food category 06.5 |
| Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate E432 | 3,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 432, food category 06.5 |
| Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate E434 | 3,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 434, food category 06.5 |
| Polysorbate 60 E435 | 3,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 435, food category 06.5 |
| Polysorbate 65 E436 | 3,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 436, food category 06.5 |
| Polysorbate 80 E433 | 3,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 433, food category 06.5 |
| Ponceau 4R (Cochineal red A) E124 | 50 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 124, food category 06.5 |
| Potassium benzoate E212 | 1,000 mg/kg | Note 13 As benzoic acid. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 212, food category 06.5 |
| Potassium dihydrogen phosphate INS 340(i) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 340(i), food category 06.5 |
| Potassium polyphosphate E452 | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 452(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Potassium saccharin E954 | 100 mg/kg | Note 500 For saccharin and its Ca, K, Na salts, expressed as Na Saccharin. Note 477 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 954(iii), food category 06.5 |
| Potassium sorbate E202 | 1,000 mg/kg | Note 42 As sorbic acid. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 202, food category 06.5 |
| Propyl gallate E310 | 90 mg/kg | Note 2 On the dry ingredient, dry weight, dry mix or concentrate basis. Note 15 On the fat or oil basis. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 310, food category 06.5 |
| Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids E477 | 40,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 477, food category 06.5 |
| Quinoline yellow E104 | 100 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 104, food category 06.5 |
| Saccharin E954 | 100 mg/kg | Note 500 For saccharin and its Ca, K, Na salts, expressed as Na Saccharin. Note 477 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 954(i), food category 06.5 |
| Sodium acid phosphate INS 339(i) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 339(i), food category 06.5 |
| Sodium acid pyrophosphate E450 | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 450(i), food category 06.5 |
| Sodium benzoate E211 | 1,000 mg/kg | Note 13 As benzoic acid. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 211, food category 06.5 |
| Sodium calcium polyphosphate E452 | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 452(iii), food category 06.5 |
| Sodium cyclamate INS 952(iv) | 250 mg/kg | Note 17 As cyclamic acid. Note 477 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 952(iv), food category 06.5 |
| Sodium polyphosphate E452 | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 452(i), food category 06.5 |
| Sodium potassium tartrate E337 | 2,860 mg/kg | Note 45 As tartaric acid. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 337, food category 06.5 |
| Sodium saccharin E954 | 100 mg/kg | Note 500 For saccharin and its Ca, K, Na salts, expressed as Na Saccharin. Note 477 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 954(iv), food category 06.5 |
| Sodium stearoyl lactylate E481 | 6,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 481(i), food category 06.5 |
| Sodium tartrate E335 | 2,860 mg/kg | Note 45 As tartaric acid. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 335(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Sodium tripolyphosphate E451 | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 451(i), food category 06.5 |
| Sorbic acid E200 | 1,000 mg/kg | Note 42 As sorbic acid. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 200, food category 06.5 |
| Sorbitan monolaurate E493 | 5,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 493, food category 06.5 |
| Sorbitan monooleate E494 | 5,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 494, food category 06.5 |
| Sorbitan monopalmitate E495 | 5,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 495, food category 06.5 |
| Sorbitan monostearate E491 | 5,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 491, food category 06.5 |
| Sorbitan tristearate E492 | 5,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 492, food category 06.5 |
| Steviol glycosides from fermentation E960b | 165 mg/kg | Note 26 As steviol equivalents. Note 477 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 960b, food category 06.5 |
| Steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Steviol glycosides from Stevia) E960 | 165 mg/kg | Note 26 As steviol equivalents. Note 477 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 960a, food category 06.5 |
| Sucralose E955 | 400 mg/kg | Note 478 Some Codex Members allow use of additives with sweetener function in all foods within this Food Category while others limit additives with sweetener function to those foods with significant energy reduction or no added sugars. This limitation may not apply to the appropriate use as a flavour enhancer. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 955, food category 06.5 |
| Sucroglycerides E474 | 5,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 474, food category 06.5 |
| Sucrose esters of fatty acids E473 | 5,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 473, food category 06.5 |
| Sucrose Oligoesters, Type I and Type II INS 473a | 5,000 mg/kg | — | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 473a, food category 06.5 |
| Tartaric acid E334 | 2,860 mg/kg | Note 45 As tartaric acid. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 334, food category 06.5 |
| Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate E450(v) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 450(v), food category 06.5 |
| Tocopherol concentrate, mixed INS 307b | 500 mg/kg | Note 15 On the fat or oil basis. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 307b, food category 06.5 |
| Tocopherols INS 307a | 500 mg/kg | Note 15 On the fat or oil basis. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 307a, food category 06.5 |
| Tripotassium phosphate INS 340(iii) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 340(iii), food category 06.5 |
| Trisodium diphosphate E450(ii) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 450(ii), food category 06.5 |
| Trisodium phosphate INS 339(iii) | 7,000 mg/kg | Note 33 As phosphorus. | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 339(iii), food category 06.5 |
| β-Carotene-rich extract from Dunaliella Salina INS 160a(iv) | 50 mg/kg | Note 341 Expressed as beta-Carotene. Note 344 Singly or in combination: Beta-Carotenes (beta-carotenes, synthetic (INS 160a(i)), beta- carotenes, Blakeslea trispora (INS 160a(iii)), beta-Carotene-Rich Extract from Dunaliella salina (INS 160a(iv)) and beta-carotenes, vegetable (INS 160a(ii)). | CXS 192-1995 Table One, INS 160a(iv), food category 06.5 |