Plants
Extracted from a plant, or made by treating something a plant produced. Seaweed and algae are counted here.
A plant origin says nothing about how processed the result is. Carrageenan is extracted from red seaweed with alkali and precipitated; caramel colour is sugar heated under controlled conditions with reagents. Both are plant-derived, and neither resembles the plant.
242 additives, 56 of them synthesised from that material rather than extracted from it. A starting material describes a route, not a risk and not a dietary answer — see what this does and does not say, and the dietary indexes for the separate question of suitability.
| Additive | Identifiers | Function | ANZ | CA | EU | GB | JP | KR | US | CODEX |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetylated distarch adipate | E1422 INS 1422 63798-35-6 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Acetylated distarch phosphate | E1414 INS 1414 68130-14-3 | Thickener | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Acetylated oxidized starch | E1451 INS 1451 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Acid-treated starch | INS 1401 65996-63-6 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Aconitic acid | 499-12-7 | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Agar | E406 INS 406 9002-18-0 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Alginic acid | E400 INS 400 9005-32-7 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Alkaline treated starch | INS 1402 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Alkanet | — | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Ammonium alginate | E403 INS 403 9005-34-9 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid | E442 INS 442 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Annatto extract | 1393-63-1 | Colour | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Not listed |
| Annatto extracts, bixin-based | E160b(i) INS 160b(i) 6983-79-5 | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Annatto extracts, norbixin-based | E160b(ii) INS 160b(ii) 542-40-5 | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Anthocyanins | E163 11029-12-2 | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed |
| Arabinogalactan | 9036-66-2 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Beet red | E162 INS 162 7659-95-2 | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| beta-Carotenes, vegetable | INS 160a(ii) | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Blackcurrant extract | INS 163(iii) | — | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Bleached starch | INS 1403 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Bromelain | INS 1101(iii) 9001-00-7 | Flavour enhancer | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Brominated vegetable oils | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Brown algae | — | Flavour enhancer | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Butterfly pea flower extract | — | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Caffeine | 58-08-2 | Flavouring agent | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Not listed |
| Calamus and its derivatives | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Prohibited | Not listed |
| Calcium alginate | E404 INS 404 9005-35-0 | Thickener | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Calcium lignosulfonate | 8061-52-7 | Surface-active agent | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Calcium phytate | 7776-28-5 | Sequestrant | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Candelilla wax | E902 INS 902 8006-44-8 | Glazing agent | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Caprylic acid | 124-07-2 | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Not listed |
| Caramel | — | Colour | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Caramel I – plain caramel | E150a INS 150a | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Caramel II - sulfite caramel | E150b INS 150b | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Caramel III - ammonia caramel | E150c INS 150c 8028-89-5 | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Caramel IV - sulfite ammonia caramel | E150d INS 150d | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Carnauba wax | E903 INS 903 8015-86-9 | Glazing agent | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Carob bean gum | E410 INS 410 9000-40-2 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Carrageenan | E407 INS 407 9000-07-1 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions |
| Carrot oil | 8015-88-1 | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Carthamus red | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed |
| Carthamus yellow | 120478-62-8 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed |
| Cassia gum | E427 INS 427 51434-18-5 | Emulsifier | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted |
| Castor oil | INS 1503 8001-79-4 | Emulsifier | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions |
| Cellulose | — | Anticaking agent | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Chicle | 8021-77-0 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Chlorophyllin copper complexes, potassium and sodium salts | INS 141(ii) | Colour | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Chlorophylls | E140 INS 140 1406-65-1 | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Chlorophylls, copper complexes | INS 141(i) | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Clove and its derivatives | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Cocoa butter substitute | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Cocoa butter substitute from coconut oil, palm kernel oil, or both oils | 85665-33-4 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Cocoa with dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate for manufacturing | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins | E141 | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Corn endosperm oil | — | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Corn gluten | 66071-96-3 | Nutrient supplement | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Corn silk and corn silk extract | — | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Corn sugar | 50-99-7 | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Corn syrup | — | Sweetener | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Coumarin | 91-64-5 | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Prohibited | Not listed |
| Cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cross-linked-cellulose gum) | E468 INS 468 74811-65-7 | Thickener | Not listed | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Curcumin | E100 INS 100(i) 458-37-7 | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Cyclodextrin, alpha- | INS 457 | Thickener | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted |
| Cyclodextrin, beta- | E459 INS 459 7585-39-9 | Thickener | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Cyclodextrin, gamma- | INS 458 | Thickener | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted |
| Cyclotetraglucose | INS 1504(i) | Carrier | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted |
| Cyclotetraglucose syrup | INS 1504(ii) | Carrier | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted |
| Dammar gum | 9000-16-2 | Processing aid | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed |
| Dehydrated beets (beet powder) | — | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Dextrin | INS 1400 9004-53-9 | Thickener | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Dilauryl thiodipropionate | INS 389 123-28-4 | Antioxidant | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Dill and its derivatives | — | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Distarch phosphate | E1412 INS 1412 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Dodecyl gallate | INS 312 1166-52-5 | Antioxidant | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Dried algae meal | — | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Enzymatically produced steviol glycosides | E960c INS 960c | Sweetener | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Enzyme-modified lecithin | — | Emulsifier | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Epoxidized soybean oil | 8013-07-8 | Thickener | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Ethyl cellulose | E462 9004-57-3 | Thickener | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted |
| Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose | INS 467 | Emulsifier | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Eugenyl methyl ether | 93-15-2 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Extracts of rosemary | E392 84604-14-8 | Flavouring agent | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Ficin | 9001-33-6 | Enzyme | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Food starch-modified | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Fruit juice | — | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Furcelleran | 9000-21-9 | Emulsifier | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Galdieria extract blue | — | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Gardenia (genipin) blue | — | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Gardenia blue | INS 165 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed |
| Gardenia yellow | INS 164 | — | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed |
| Garlic and its derivatives | — | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Glucosylated steviol glycosides | E960d INS 960d | Sweetener | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Glycerides and polyglycides of hydrogenated vegetable oils | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Glycerol ester of gum rosin | — | Glazing agent | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Glycerol ester of rosin | 8050-31-5 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Glycerol ester of tall oil rosin | — | — | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Glycerol ester of wood rosin | E445 INS 445(iii) 8050-30-4 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions |
| Glyceryl behenate | 77538-19-3 | Formulation aid | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Grape color extract | — | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Grape skin extract | INS 163(ii) | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Guaiac resin | INS 314 9000-29-7 | Antioxidant | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Guar gum | E412 INS 412 9000-30-0 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Gum arabic (Acacia gum) | E414 INS 414 9000-01-5 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions |
| Gum benzoin | 9000-72-0 | Flavour enhancer | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Gum ghatti | 9000-28-6 | Emulsifier | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted |
| Gum tragacanth | E413 INS 413 9000-65-1 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Haematococcus algae meal | — | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| High fructose corn syrup | — | Sweetener | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Hydroxylated lecithin | 8029-76-3 | Emulsifier | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Hydroxypropyl cellulose | E463 INS 463 9004-64-2 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions |
| Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate | E1442 INS 1442 53124-00-8 | Thickener | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose | E464 INS 464 9004-65-3 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions |
| Hydroxypropyl starch | E1440 INS 1440 9049-76-7 | Thickener | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Inositol | 87-89-8 | Nutrient supplement | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Not listed |
| Invert sugar | 8013-17-0 | Sweetener | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Isomalt (Hydrogenated isomaltulose) | E953 INS 953 | Sweetener | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Jagua (genipin-glycine) blue | INS 183 | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Karaya gum | E416 INS 416 9000-36-6 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Kelp | — | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Konjac flour | E425 INS 425 | Emulsifier | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Lecithin | E322 INS 322(i) 8002-43-5 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Lecithin citrate | — | Preservative | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Lecithin, partially hydrolysed | INS 322(ii) | Antioxidant | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted |
| Licorice and licorice derivatives | 1407-03-0 | Flavour enhancer | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Linoleic acid | 60-33-3 | Nutrient supplement | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Lutein esters from Tagetes erecta | INS 161b(iii) | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted |
| Lutein from Tagetes erecta | E161b INS 161b(i) 127-40-2 | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Lycopene, tomato | INS 160d(ii) | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Maize morado color | INS 163(iv) | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed |
| Malt | — | Enzyme | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Malt syrup (malt extract) | 8002-48-0 | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Maltitol | INS 965(i) | Sweetener | Not listed | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Maltitol syrup | E965 INS 965(ii) | Sweetener | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Maltodextrin | 9050-36-6 | Sweetener | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Mannitol | E421 INS 421 69-65-8 | Sweetener | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Massaranduba chocolate | 8029-83-2 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Metatartaric acid | E353 INS 353 39469-81-3 | Acidity regulator | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Methyl cellulose | E461 INS 461 9004-67-5 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Methyl ethyl cellulose | E465 INS 465 9004-69-7 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions |
| Methyl glucoside-coconut oil ester | 8028-43-1 | Surface-active agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Microcrystalline cellulose (Cellulose gel) | E460(i) INS 460(i) | Thickener | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Modified cottonseed products intended for human consumption | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Modified hop extract | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Monk fruit extract | — | Sweetener | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Monostarch phosphate | E1410 INS 1410 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Neohesperidine DC | E959 20702-77-6 | Sweetener | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Nispero | 12002-12-9 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) | 500-38-9 | Antioxidant | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Prohibited | Not listed |
| Oat gum | 73020-09-4 | Emulsifier | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Oat lecithin | E322a | — | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Octenyl succinic acid (OSA) modified gum arabic | E423 INS 423 | Emulsifier | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted |
| Octyl gallate | INS 311 1034-01-1 | Antioxidant | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Oil of rue | — | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Oleic acid derived from tall oil fatty acids | — | Formulation aid | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Oxidized starch | E1404 INS 1404 65996-62-5 | Thickener | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Papain | 9001-73-4 | Flavour enhancer | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Permitted |
| Paprika | — | Colour | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Paprika extract | INS 160c(ii) 84603-55-4 | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Paprika extract, capsanthin, capsorubin | E160c | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Paprika oleoresin | 68917-78-2 | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Not listed |
| Pectins | E440 INS 440 56645-02-4 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Phosphated distarch phosphate | E1413 INS 1413 | Thickener | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Phytic acid | INS 391 83-86-3 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed |
| Phytosterols, phytostanols and their esters | 474-67-9 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Polydextrose | E1200 INS 1200 68424-04-4 | Thickener | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions |
| Polyglycitol syrup | E964 INS 964 | Sweetener | Not listed | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted |
| Potassium acid tartrate | E336 868-14-4 | Acidity regulator | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Not listed |
| Potassium alginate | E402 INS 402 9005-36-1 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Powdered cellulose | E460 INS 460(ii) 9004-34-6 | Bulking agent | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Processed eucheuma seaweed (PES) | E407a INS 407a | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Propyl gallate | E310 INS 310 121-79-9 | Antioxidant | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Propylene glycol alginate | E405 INS 405 9005-37-2 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions |
| Psyllium seed gum | 8063-16-9 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed |
| Quillaia extract | E999 68990-67-0 | Foaming agent | Not listed | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed |
| Quillaia extract type 2 | INS 999(ii) | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Quillaia extract type I | INS 999(i) | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Quinine | 130-95-0 | — | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Quinine hydrochloride | 6119-47-7 | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Quinine sulfate | 6119-70-6 | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Rapeseed oil | 8002-13-9 | Emulsifier | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Red algae | — | Flavour enhancer | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Red cabbage color | INS 163(v) | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed |
| Rice bran wax | 8016-60-2 | Lubricant or release agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Rue | — | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Saffron | — | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Safrole | 94-59-7 | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Prohibited | Not listed |
| Safrole-free extract of sassafras | — | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Salatrim | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Salts of carrageenan | — | Emulsifier | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Salts of furcelleran | — | Emulsifier | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Sandalwood red | INS 166 1397-70-2 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed |
| Saponin | — | Foaming agent | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Saunderswood | 98225-55-9 | Colour | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Sheanut oil | — | Glazing agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Smoke flavourings | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Sodium alginate | E401 INS 401 9005-38-3 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, enzymatically hydrolysed (Cellulose gum, enzymatically hydrolyzed) | E469 INS 469 | Thickener | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Sodium carboxymethylcellulose | E466 INS 466 9004-32-4 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Sodium copper chlorophyllin | 28302-36-5 | Colour | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Sodium lauryl sulfate | 151-21-3 | Emulsifier | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Sodium potassium tartrate | E337 INS 337 304-59-6 | Acidity regulator | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Sodium tartrate | E335 INS 335(ii) 868-18-8 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Sorbitol | E420 INS 420(i) 50-70-4 | Sweetener | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Sorbitol syrup | INS 420(ii) | Sweetener | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Soybean hemicellulose | E426 9034-32-6 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Spirulina extract | — | Colour | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Permitted |
| Starch acetate | E1420 INS 1420 9045-28-7 | Thickener | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Starch sodium octenyl succinate | E1450 INS 1450 66829-29-6 | Thickener | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Starches, enzyme treated | INS 1405 | Emulsifier | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Steviol glycosides from Stevia) | E960 INS 960a | Sweetener | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Stigmasterol-rich plant sterols | E499 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Sucralose | E955 INS 955 56038-13-2 | Sweetener | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions |
| Sucrose | 57-50-1 | Sweetener | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Sucrose acetate isobutyrate | E444 INS 444 126-13-6 | Stabiliser | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions |
| Sugar beet extract flavor base | 8016-79-3 | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Synthetic glycerin produced by the hydrogenolysis of carbohydrates | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Tagetes (Aztec marigold) meal and extract | — | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Tamarind seed polysaccharide | INS 437 | Emulsifier | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Tannic acid | 1401-55-4 | Colour | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Not listed |
| Tara gum | E417 INS 417 39300-88-4 | Gelling agent | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Tartaric acid | E334 INS 334 87-69-4 | Acidity regulator | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Terpene resin | 9003-74-1 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Thaumatin | E957 INS 957 53850-34-3 | Sweetener | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Thermally oxidised soya bean oil | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Toasted partially defatted cooked cottonseed flour | — | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Tocopherol concentrate, mixed | INS 307b | Antioxidant | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
| Tocopherol-rich extract | E306 | — | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Tocopherols | INS 307a | Preservative | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions |
| Tomato lycopene extract; tomato lycopene concentrate | — | Colour | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Trehalose | 6138-23-4 | Flavouring agent | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Turmeric | — | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Turmeric oleoresin | 129828-29-1 | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Vegetable carbon | E153 1333-86-4 | Colour | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Vegetable juice | — | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Vitamin D2 mushroom powder | — | Nutrient supplement | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed |
| Wheat gluten | 8002-80-0 | Thickener | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| Wood smoke | — | Preservative | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Xanthophyll | — | Colour | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed |
| Xylitol | E967 INS 967 87-99-0 | Sweetener | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions |
| Zein | 9010-66-6 | Glazing agent | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted | Not listed |
| α-Tocopherol acetate | — | — | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted | Not listed |
| β-Carotene-rich extract from Dunaliella Salina | INS 160a(iv) | Colour | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions | Permitted, with conditions | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | Permitted, with conditions |
Also: animal sources, insects, fermentation, minerals and inorganic salts, petrochemical feedstocks, other and mixed routes.