Great Britain and Australia and New Zealand

Food additives permitted in one and not the other — and what each gap actually means.

286 additives are permitted in both. 108 are permitted in Great Britain with no permission in Australia and New Zealand, none of them explicitly prohibited there. 65 are permitted in Australia and New Zealand with no permission in Great Britain, none of them explicitly prohibited there.

A missing permission is rarely a ban. Usually no one has applied, the substance is named or grouped differently, or it falls under a different law. Only the first two groups below — prohibited, and removed — record a regulator’s decision against a substance, and even those are decisions about legal status, not findings this site draws about safety.

Permitted in Great Britain, no permission in Australia and New Zealand

Possibly covered by a related listing in Australia and New Zealand 29

Australia and New Zealand lists a substance under the same number — often a group entry such as “E 322 Lecithins” where the other regulator lists a single form. This site cannot tell whether that listing covers this form, so these are not counted as absent.

AdditiveFunctionIn Great BritainIn Australia and New Zealand
Ascorbyl stearate E304(ii)Antioxidant71 provisionsAscorbyl palmitate (E304)
beta-Carotenes, Blakeslea trispora INS 160a(iii)Colour60 provisionsBeta -carotene (E160a)
beta-Carotenes, vegetable INS 160a(ii)Colour60 provisionsBeta -carotene (E160a)
Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate E450(vii)Acidity regulator61 provisionsSodium acid pyrophosphate (E450), Sodium pyrophosphate (E450(iii)), Calcium pyrophosphate (E450)
Calcium malate, D, L- INS 352(ii)Acidity regulator66 provisionsCalcium malates (E352)
Chlorophyllin copper complexes, potassium and sodium salts INS 141(ii)Colour51 provisionsChlorophylls, copper complexes, Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins (E141)
Dicalcium citrate E333(ii)—80 provisionsCalcium citrate (E333)
Disodium citrate E331(ii)Stabiliser88 provisionsSodium citrate, Sodium dihydrogen citrate, Sodium citrates (E331)
Iron oxide, red INS 172(ii)Colour47 provisionsIron oxide, black, Iron oxides and hydroxides (E172)
Iron oxide, yellow INS 172(iii)Colour47 provisionsIron oxide, black, Iron oxides and hydroxides (E172)
Lecithin, partially hydrolysed INS 322(ii)Antioxidant77 provisionsLecithin (E322)
Lutein esters from Tagetes erecta INS 161b(iii)Colour37 provisionsLutein from Tagetes erecta (E161b)
Lycopene, Blakeslea trispora INS 160d(iii)Colour29 provisionsLycopene (E160d)
Lycopene, synthetic INS 160d(i)Colour29 provisionsLycopene (E160d)
Lycopene, tomato INS 160d(ii)Colour29 provisionsLycopene (E160d)
Magnesium hydroxide carbonate INS 504(ii)Acidity regulator71 provisionsMagnesium carbonate (E504)
Maltitol INS 965(i)Bulking agent91 provisionsMaltitol syrup (E965)
Mannitol manufactured by fermentation E421(ii)Sweetener91 provisionsMannitol (E421)
Microcrystalline cellulose (Cellulose gel) E460(i)Anticaking agent2 provisionsPowdered cellulose (E460)
Monocalcium citrate E333(i)—80 provisionsCalcium citrate (E333)
Paprika extract INS 160c(ii)Colour57 provisionsPaprika extract, capsanthin, capsorubin (E160c)
Pentapotassium triphosphate INS 451(ii)Acidity regulator59 provisionsSodium tripolyphosphate (E451)
Potassium hydrogen sulfate E515(ii)—66 provisionsPotassium sulfate, Potassium sulphates (E515)
Quillaia extract E999Flavouring agent2 provisionsQuillaia extract type I, Quillaia extract type 2
Sodium acid tartrate E335(i)Raising agent71 provisionsSodium tartrate (E335)
Sodium hydrogen sulfate INS 514(ii)Acidity regulator66 provisionsSodium sulfate, Sodium sulphates (E514)
Sodium sesquicarbonate INS 500(iii)Acidity regulator77 provisionsSodium bicarbonate (E500), Sodium carbonate (E500)
Trisodium diphosphate E450(ii)Acidity regulator61 provisionsSodium acid pyrophosphate (E450), Sodium pyrophosphate (E450(iii)), Calcium pyrophosphate (E450)
β-Carotene-rich extract from Dunaliella Salina INS 160a(iv)Colour60 provisionsBeta -carotene (E160a)

Regulated outside the additives list in Australia and New Zealand 1

Every function regulators give these — flavouring, enzyme, nutrient, solvent or processing aid — is one Australia and New Zealand regulates under separate rules, so they would not be expected on its list of food additives. Their absence here says nothing about whether Australia and New Zealand permits them.

AdditiveFunctionIn Great Britain
Helium E939Processing aid67 provisions

Not on Australia and New Zealand’s list 78

Australia and New Zealand permits food additives only where it lists them, and these are not listed. That is not a finding against the substance: usually no one has applied for authorisation there. It does mean they may not be used as food additives in Australia and New Zealand today.

AdditiveFunctionIn Great Britain
Aluminium ammonium sulfate E523Acidity regulator1 provision
Aluminum potassium sulfate E522Firming agent1 provision
Aluminum sodium sulfate E521Firming agent1 provision
Aluminum sulfate E520Firming agent2 provisions
Ammonium hydroxide E527Acidity regulator68 provisions
Anionic methacrylate copolymer E1207—1 provision
Annatto extracts, bixin-based E160b(i)Colour25 provisions
Annatto extracts, norbixin-based E160b(ii)Colour26 provisions
Argon E938—67 provisions
Boric acid E284Lubricant or release agent1 provision
Calcium 5'-guanylate E629Flavour enhancer68 provisions
Calcium 5'-inosinate E633Flavour enhancer68 provisions
Calcium 5'-ribonucleotides E634Flavour enhancer68 provisions
Calcium ferrocyanide E538Anticaking agent2 provisions
Calcium hydrogen sulphite E227—40 provisions
Calcium sulphite E226—40 provisions
Candelilla wax E902Carrier10 provisions
Cassia gum E427Emulsifier8 provisions
Cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cross-linked-cellulose gum) E468Stabiliser3 provisions
Cyclodextrin, beta- E459Carrier4 provisions
Dimethyl dicarbonate E242Preservative9 provisions
Dipotassium 5'-guanylate E628Flavour enhancer68 provisions
Enzymatically produced steviol glycosides E960cSweetener32 provisions
Ethyl cellulose E462Bulking agent66 provisions
Ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate E214Preservative9 provisions
Ferrous lactate E585Colour retention agent2 provisions
Gluconic acid E574Nutrient supplement66 provisions
Guanylic acid, 5'- E626Flavour enhancer68 provisions
Hexamethylene tetramine E239Preservative1 provision
Hydrogen E949—67 provisions
Hydrogenated poly-1-decenes E907Glazing agent4 provisions
Inosinic acid, 5'- E630Flavour enhancer68 provisions
Invertase E1103—66 provisions
Iron (III) meso-Tartrate E534—2 provisions
Konjac flour E425Carrier66 provisions
Litholrubine BK E180Colour1 provision
Magnesium hydroxide E528Acidity regulator68 provisions
Magnesium salts of fatty acids E470bAnticaking agent67 provisions
Methacrylate copolymer, basic (BMC) E1205Carrier1 provision
Neohesperidine DC E959Flavouring agent38 provisions
Neutral Methacrylate Copolymer E1206—1 provision
Octenyl succinic acid (OSA) modified gum arabic E423Emulsifier3 provisions
Oxygen E948—67 provisions
Patent Blue V E131Colour37 provisions
Petroleum wax E905Antifoaming agent4 provisions
Polyglycitol syrup E964Sweetener10 provisions
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate E434Emulsifier20 provisions
Polyvinyl alcohol E1203Glazing agent1 provision
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) – Polyethylene glycol (PEG) graft copolymer E1209Glazing agent1 provision
Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone E1202Colour retention agent2 provisions
Polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer E1208—1 provision
Potassium 5’-inosinate E632Flavour enhancer68 provisions
Pullulan E1204Glazing agent2 provisions
Rebaudioside AM produced via enzymatic conversion of highly purified stevioside stevia leaf extracts E960c(iv)Sweetener32 provisions
Rebaudioside D produced via enzymatic conversion of highly purified rebaudioside A stevia leaf extracts E960c(iii)Sweetener32 provisions
Rebaudioside M from fermentation produced by Yarrowia lipolytica E960b(i)Sweetener32 provisions
Rebaudioside M produced via enzymatic conversion of highly purified rebaudioside A stevia leaf extracts E960c(ii)Sweetener32 provisions
Rebaudioside M produced via enzyme modification of steviol glycosides from stevia E960c(i)Sweetener32 provisions
Sodium adipate E356—5 provisions
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, enzymatically hydrolysed (Cellulose gum, enzymatically hydrolyzed) E469Stabiliser66 provisions
Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate E215—9 provisions
Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate E219Preservative9 provisions
Sodium tetraborate (borax) E285—1 provision
Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids E470a—68 provisions
Sorbitan monolaurate E493Emulsifier17 provisions
Sorbitan monooleate E494Emulsifier16 provisions
Sorbitan monopalmitate E495Emulsifier16 provisions
Soybean hemicellulose E426—66 provisions
Stearyl tartrate E483—4 provisions
Steviol glycosides from fermentation E960bSweetener32 provisions
Stigmasterol-rich plant sterols E499—1 provision
Sucroglycerides E474Emulsifier28 provisions
Sulfuric acid E513Acidity regulator66 provisions
Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids E472d—67 provisions
Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids E479bEmulsifier1 provision
Tocopherol-rich extract E306—71 provisions
Urea E927bFormulation aid1 provision
Zinc acetate E650—1 provision

Permitted in Australia and New Zealand, no permission in Great Britain

Possibly covered by a related listing in Great Britain 5

Great Britain lists a substance under the same number — often a group entry such as “E 322 Lecithins” where the other regulator lists a single form. This site cannot tell whether that listing covers this form, so these are not counted as absent.

AdditiveFunctionIn Australia and New ZealandIn Great Britain
Blackcurrant extract INS 163(iii)—47 provisionsAnthocyanins (E163)
Grape skin extract INS 163(ii)Colour48 provisionsAnthocyanins (E163)
Magnesium phosphate INS 343(iii)Acidity regulator55 provisionsMagnesium dihydrogen phosphate, Magnesium hydrogen phosphate, Magnesium phosphates (E343)
Quillaia extract type 2 INS 999(ii)Emulsifier8 provisionsQuillaia extract (E999)
Quillaia extract type I INS 999(i)Emulsifier8 provisionsQuillaia extract (E999)

Regulated outside the additives list in Great Britain 1

Every function regulators give these — flavouring, enzyme, nutrient, solvent or processing aid — is one Great Britain regulates under separate rules, so they would not be expected on its list of food additives. Their absence here says nothing about whether Great Britain permits them.

AdditiveFunctionIn Australia and New Zealand
CaffeineFlavouring agent1 provision

Not on Great Britain’s list 59

Great Britain permits food additives only where it lists them, and these are not listed. That is not a finding against the substance: usually no one has applied for authorisation there. It does mean they may not be used as food additives in Great Britain today.

AdditiveFunctionIn Australia and New Zealand
Acid-treated starch INS 1401Emulsifier54 provisions
Alitame INS 956Sweetener20 provisions
Alkaline treated starch INS 1402Emulsifier54 provisions
AlkanetColour47 provisions
Aluminium silicate (Kaolin) E559—54 provisions
Ammonium chlorideFlour treatment agent54 provisions
Ammonium phosphate, dibasic INS 342(ii)Acidity regulator58 provisions
Ammonium phosphate, monobasic INS 342(i)Acidity regulator58 provisions
ArabinogalactanEmulsifier54 provisions
Bentonite E558Processing aid54 provisions
Benzyl alcohol E1519Flavouring agent1 provision
Bleached starch INS 1403Emulsifier54 provisions
Bone phosphate INS 542Anticaking agent1 provision
Calcium aluminium silicate E556—55 provisions
Calcium fumarateNutrient supplement54 provisions
Calcium lignosulfonateSurface-active agent54 provisions
Calcium sorbate E203Preservative34 provisions
Dextrin INS 1400Carrier54 provisions
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate INS 480Emulsifier4 provisions
dl-alpha-Tocopherol INS 307cAntioxidant4 provisions
Dodecyl gallate INS 312Antioxidant2 provisions
Ethyl acetateColour1 provision
Ethyl alcoholPreservative2 provisions
Ethyl maltol INS 637Flavour enhancer2 provisions
FD&C Green No. 3 INS 143Colour44 provisions
Ferric ammonium citrate INS 381Anticaking agent55 provisions
Gardenia yellow INS 164—47 provisions
Glycerol diacetate E1517Carrier1 provision
Isopropyl alcoholFlavour enhancer1 provision
L-Cysteine monohydrochlorideDough strengthener2 provisions
Magnesium lactate, DL- INS 329Acidity regulator54 provisions
Magnesium sulfate INS 518Firming agent54 provisions
Maltol INS 636Flavour enhancer2 provisions
Mannoproteins from yeast cell walls INS 455Stabiliser55 provisions
Monk fruit extractSweetener56 provisions
Monoacetin—1 provision
OctafluorocyclobutanePropellant54 provisions
Octyl gallate INS 311Antioxidant2 provisions
PetrolatumLubricant or release agent54 provisions
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate E431Emulsifier2 provisions
Potassium aluminium silicate E555—2 provisions
Potassium fumarateNutrient supplement54 provisions
Potassium polyaspartate E456Stabiliser1 provision
Potassium sulfite INS 225Antioxidant39 provisions
Propylene glycol E1520Carrier55 provisions
PropylparabenPreservative1 provision
Quinine—3 provisions
SaffronColour47 provisions
Sodium dithionitePreservative1 provision
Sodium fumarates INS 365Acidity regulator54 provisions
Sodium metaphosphate, insolubleEmulsifier55 provisions
Sodium sorbatePreservative34 provisions
Starches, enzyme treated INS 1405Emulsifier54 provisions
Stearic acidFlavouring agent54 provisions
Synthetic iron oxideColour47 provisions
Tannic acidFlavour enhancer2 provisions
Tocopherol concentrate, mixed INS 307bAntioxidant5 provisions
TurmericColour47 provisions
β-Apo-8′-carotenalColour48 provisions

What this page is not

It is not a list of unsafe additives, and a regulator permitting something is not this site’s endorsement of it. Regulators reach different decisions on the same evidence, on different applications, and at different times. Each additive’s page shows every jurisdiction’s status with its citation, and where an assessing body has published a reading of the evidence, that reading, attributed.

Counts are of this site’s additive pages, which follow the regulators’ own listings: a group entry in one jurisdiction can correspond to several pages in another. Status as retrieved from each source; see Sources for dates.