Japan and South Korea

Food additives permitted in one and not the other — and what each gap actually means.

266 additives are permitted in both. 41 are permitted in Japan with no permission in South Korea, none of them explicitly prohibited there. 196 are permitted in South Korea with no permission in Japan, none of them explicitly prohibited there.

A missing permission is rarely a ban. Usually no one has applied, the substance is named or grouped differently, or it falls under a different law. Only the first two groups below — prohibited, and removed — record a regulator’s decision against a substance, and even those are decisions about legal status, not findings this site draws about safety.

Permitted in Japan, no permission in South Korea

No South Korean listing matched 41

This site imports Part III of South Korea’s Standards and Specifications for Food Additives, and matches it by CAS number, then INS number, then exact name. A substance the notification lists under an identifier or name this site has not matched, or one held for review because its identifiers disagreed with a page’s, will appear here. Treat these as unconfirmed, not as absent.

AdditiveFunctionIn Japan
1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid—1 provision
Acetylated distarch adipate E1422Emulsifier1 provision
Acetylated distarch phosphate E1414Emulsifier1 provision
Acetylated oxidized starch E1451Emulsifier1 provision
Advantame E969Flavour enhancer1 provision
Argon E938—1 provision
Asparaginase from Aspergillus oryzae—1 provision
Butan-1-olFlavouring agent1 provision
Calcium phytateSequestrant1 provision
Calcium saccharin E954Sweetener1 provision
Calcium tartrate E354Emulsifier1 provision
Canthaxanthin E161gColour1 provision
Dimethyl dicarbonate E242Preservative1 provision
Diphenyl INS 230Flavour enhancer1 provision
Distarch phosphate E1412Emulsifier1 provision
Ferric citrateNutrient supplement1 provision
Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate E1442Anticaking agent1 provision
Hydroxypropyl starch E1440Emulsifier1 provision
Iron oxide, red INS 172(ii)Colour1 provision
IsobutanolFlavouring agent1 provision
Isopropyl citrate INS 384Antioxidant1 provision
Metatartaric acid E353Acidity regulator1 provision
Monostarch phosphate E1410Emulsifier1 provision
Oxidized starch E1404Emulsifier1 provision
Phosphated distarch phosphate E1413Emulsifier1 provision
Polyvinylpyrrolidone E1201Emulsifier1 provision
Potassium bromateDough strengthener1 provision
Potassium tartrateAcidity regulator1 provision
Propan-1-olFlavouring agent1 provision
PropylparabenPreservative1 provision
Saccharin E954Sweetener1 provision
Sodium chloriteStarch-modifying agent1 provision
Sodium copper chlorophyllinColour1 provision
Sodium metaphosphate—1 provision
Sodium polyphosphate E452Acidity regulator1 provision
Starch acetate E1420Emulsifier1 provision
Starch sodium octenyl succinate E1450Carrier1 provision
Sucrose esters of fatty acids E473Emulsifier1 provision
Triethyl citrate E1505Carrier1 provision
Vitamin ANutrient supplement1 provision
β-Apo-8′-carotenalColour1 provision

Permitted in South Korea, no permission in Japan

No Japanese designated-additive listing matched 196

This site imports Japan’s list of designated additives only, and matches it by English name. Japan also permits existing additives, natural flavouring agents and ordinary foods used as additives outside that list, and none of those are imported. Treat these as unconfirmed, not as absent.

AdditiveFunctionIn South Korea
Activated carbonProcessing aid1 provision
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate—1 provision
Alginic acid E400Bulking agent1 provision
Allyl cyclohexanepropionateFlavouring agent1 provision
Alpha-tocopherol E307—1 provision
Aluminium silicate (Kaolin) E559—1 provision
Ammonium hydroxide E527Acidity regulator1 provision
Ammonium molybdate—1 provision
Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid E442Emulsifier1 provision
Annatto extractColour1 provision
Annatto extracts, norbixin-based E160b(ii)Colour1 provision
Anthocyanins E163Colour1 provision
ArabinogalactanEmulsifier1 provision
AzodicarbonamideDough strengthener1 provision
Beeswax (yellow and white) E901Carrier1 provision
Beet red E162Colour1 provision
Bentonite E558Processing aid1 provision
BetaineFlavouring agent1 provision
Boiler water additives—1 provision
Branching glucosyltransferase from Rhodothermus obamensis—1 provision
Butane E943aPropellant1 provision
CaffeineFlavouring agent1 provision
Calcium 5'-guanylate E629Flavour enhancer1 provision
Calcium 5'-inosinate E633Flavour enhancer1 provision
Calcium benzoate E213Preservative1 provision
Calcium di-L-glutamate E623Flavour enhancer1 provision
Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate E450(vii)Acidity regulator1 provision
Calcium hypochloriteStarch-modifying agent1 provision
Candelilla wax E902Carrier1 provision
Caramel I – plain caramel E150aColour1 provision
Caramel II - sulfite caramel E150bColour1 provision
Caramel III - ammonia caramel E150cColour1 provision
Caramel IV - sulfite ammonia caramel E150dColour1 provision
Carmines E120Colour1 provision
Carnauba wax E903Acidity regulator1 provision
Carob bean gum E410Emulsifier1 provision
Carotenal, beta-apo-8'- E160eColour1 provision
Carrageenan E407Bulking agent1 provision
Carthamus red—1 provision
Carthamus yellow—1 provision
Castor oil INS 1503Anticaking agent1 provision
ChitosanPreservative1 provision
Chlorine INS 925Flour treatment agent1 provision
Chlorophyllin copper complexes, potassium and sodium salts INS 141(ii)Colour1 provision
Chlorophylls E140Colour1 provision
Chlorophylls, copper complexes INS 141(i)Colour1 provision
Choline bitartrateNutrient supplement1 provision
Choline chlorideNutrient supplement1 provision
Chromium(III) chloride—1 provision
Cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cross-linked-cellulose gum) E468Stabiliser1 provision
Curcumin E100Colour1 provision
Curdlan INS 424Firming agent1 provision
Cytidine 5'-monophosphate—1 provision
D-RiboseFlavouring agent1 provision
D-XyloseFlavouring agent1 provision
Dammar gumProcessing aid1 provision
Dehydroacetic acidPreservative1 provision
Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol E472eEmulsifier1 provision
Diatomaceous earth—1 provision
Dibenzoylthiamine—1 provision
Dibenzoylthiamine hydrochloride—1 provision
Dipotassium 5'-guanylate E628Flavour enhancer1 provision
Erythritol E968Flavour enhancer1 provision
Ethyl cellulose E462Bulking agent1 provision
Ferric phosphateNutrient supplement1 provision
Ferric sodium pyrophosphate—1 provision
Ferrous fumarateNutrient supplement1 provision
Ferrous lactate E585Colour retention agent1 provision
Ferulic acid—1 provision
Formic acidFlavour enhancer1 provision
FurcelleranProcessing aid1 provision
Gardenia blue INS 165—1 provision
Gardenia yellow INS 164—1 provision
GelatinAnticaking agent1 provision
Gellan gum E418Gelling agent1 provision
Glucose oxidase INS 1102Antioxidant1 provision
Gold E175Colour1 provision
Grape skin extract INS 163(ii)Colour1 provision
Guanylic acid, 5'- E626Flavour enhancer1 provision
Guar gum E412Emulsifier1 provision
Gum arabic (Acacia gum) E414Bulking agent1 provision
Gum ghattiCarrier1 provision
Gum tragacanth E413Emulsifier1 provision
HexaneSolvent1 provision
Hydrogen E949—1 provision
Inosinic acid, 5'- E630Flavour enhancer1 provision
InositolNutrient supplement1 provision
Invertase E1103—1 provision
Isomalt (Hydrogenated isomaltulose) E953Anticaking agent1 provision
Karaya gum E416Emulsifier1 provision
Konjac flour E425Carrier1 provision
L-ArginineNutrient supplement1 provision
L-AsparagineFlavour enhancer1 provision
L-Aspartic acidFlavour enhancer1 provision
L-CarnitineNutrient supplement1 provision
L-GlutamineFlavour enhancer1 provision
L-HistidineFlavour enhancer1 provision
L-leucine E641Flavour enhancer1 provision
L-LysineNutrient supplement1 provision
L-ProlineFlavour enhancer1 provision
L-SerineFlavour enhancer1 provision
L-TyrosineFlavouring agent1 provision
Lactitol E966Emulsifier1 provision
Lecithin E322Antioxidant1 provision
Lecithin, partially hydrolysed INS 322(ii)Antioxidant1 provision
Lutein from Tagetes erecta E161bColour1 provision
Lycopene, tomato INS 160d(ii)Colour1 provision
Lysozyme E1105Preservative1 provision
Magnesium gluconate INS 580Acidity regulator1 provision
Magnesium lactate, DL- INS 329Acidity regulator1 provision
Maize morado color INS 163(iv)—1 provision
Maltitol INS 965(i)Bulking agent1 provision
Maltitol syrup E965Bulking agent1 provision
Manganese chlorideNutrient supplement1 provision
Manganese gluconateNutrient supplement1 provision
Manganese sulfateNutrient supplement1 provision
MethanolSolvent1 provision
Methyl ethyl cellulose E465Emulsifier1 provision
Methylparaben E218Preservative1 provision
Methyltetrahydrofolate, glucosamine salt—1 provision
Mica-based pearlescent pigmentsColour1 provision
Microcrystalline cellulose (Cellulose gel) E460(i)Anticaking agent1 provision
Modified hop extract—1 provision
Naringin—1 provision
NickelProcessing aid1 provision
Nitrogen E941Foaming agent1 provision
Oxygen E948—1 provision
OxystearinProcessing aid1 provision
PancreatinEnzyme1 provision
Paprika oleoresinColour1 provision
Pectins E440Emulsifier1 provision
PepsinEnzyme1 provision
Perlite—1 provision
Petroleum wax E905Antifoaming agent1 provision
Phytic acid INS 391—1 provision
Polydextrose E1200Bulking agent1 provision
Polyethylene glycol E1521Antifoaming agent1 provision
Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids E475Emulsifier1 provision
Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid E476Emulsifier1 provision
Polyglycitol syrup E964Sweetener1 provision
Ponceau 4R (Cochineal red A) E124Colour1 provision
Potassium 5’-inosinate E632Flavour enhancer1 provision
Potassium acetate E261Acidity regulator1 provision
Potassium benzoate E212Preservative1 provision
Potassium glycerophosphate—1 provision
Potassium iodateDough strengthener1 provision
Potassium iodideNutrient supplement1 provision
Powdered cellulose E460Anticaking agent1 provision
Psyllium seed gum—1 provision
Pullulan E1204Glazing agent1 provision
Quercetin—1 provision
Quillaia extract E999Flavouring agent1 provision
Red cabbage color INS 163(v)—1 provision
Rice bran waxLubricant or release agent1 provision
Rutin—1 provision
Salts of oleic acid with calcium, potassium and sodium INS 470(ii)Anticaking agent1 provision
Sandalwood red INS 166—1 provision
Shellac, bleached E904Glazing agent1 provision
Sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic E541Acidity regulator1 provision
Sodium aluminium phosphate, basic INS 541(ii)Acidity regulator1 provision
Sodium aluminosilicate E554Anticaking agent1 provision
Sodium bisulfite E222Antioxidant1 provision
Sodium diacetate E262Acidity regulator1 provision
Sodium dihydrogen citrate INS 331(i)Acidity regulator1 provision
Sodium fluorideStabiliser1 provision
Sodium fumarates INS 365Acidity regulator1 provision
Sodium lauryl sulfateEmulsifier1 provision
Sodium metasilicateProcessing aid1 provision
Sodium molybdate—1 provision
Sodium potassium tartrate E337Acidity regulator1 provision
Sodium selenate—1 provision
Sodium sesquicarbonate INS 500(iii)Acidity regulator1 provision
Sodium tripolyphosphate E451Acidity regulator1 provision
Stearic acidFlavouring agent1 provision
Steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Steviol glycosides from Stevia) E960Sweetener1 provision
Talc E553bAnticaking agent1 provision
Tamarind seed polysaccharide INS 437Emulsifier1 provision
Tannic acidFlavour enhancer1 provision
Tara gum E417Gelling agent1 provision
TaurineFlavouring agent1 provision
TBHQ E319Antioxidant1 provision
Thaumatin E957Flavour enhancer1 provision
Thiamine lauryl sulfate—1 provision
Tocopherol concentrate, mixed INS 307bAntioxidant1 provision
Triacetin E1518Carrier1 provision
TrypsinEnzyme1 provision
Vitamin B12Nutrient supplement1 provision
Vitamin K1—1 provision
Vitamin K2—1 provision
Xanthan gum E415Emulsifier1 provision
Zinc oxideColour1 provision
α-AmylcinnamaldehydeFlavouring agent1 provision
α-IononeFlavouring agent1 provision
α-Tocopherol acetate—1 provision
β-IononeFlavouring agent1 provision
ε-Polylysine—1 provision

What this page is not

It is not a list of unsafe additives, and a regulator permitting something is not this site’s endorsement of it. Regulators reach different decisions on the same evidence, on different applications, and at different times. Each additive’s page shows every jurisdiction’s status with its citation, and where an assessing body has published a reading of the evidence, that reading, attributed.

Counts are of this site’s additive pages, which follow the regulators’ own listings: a group entry in one jurisdiction can correspond to several pages in another. Status as retrieved from each source; see Sources for dates.