Canada and Australia and New Zealand

Food additives permitted in one and not the other — and what each gap actually means.

233 additives are permitted in both. 157 are permitted in Canada with no permission in Australia and New Zealand, none of them explicitly prohibited there. 118 are permitted in Australia and New Zealand with no permission in Canada, none of them explicitly prohibited there.

A missing permission is rarely a ban. Usually no one has applied, the substance is named or grouped differently, or it falls under a different law. Only the first two groups below — prohibited, and removed — record a regulator’s decision against a substance, and even those are decisions about legal status, not findings this site draws about safety.

Permitted in Canada, no permission in Australia and New Zealand

Possibly covered by a related listing in Australia and New Zealand 10

Australia and New Zealand lists a substance under the same number — often a group entry such as “E 322 Lecithins” where the other regulator lists a single form. This site cannot tell whether that listing covers this form, so these are not counted as absent.

Regulated outside the additives list in Australia and New Zealand 4

Every function regulators give these — flavouring, enzyme, nutrient, solvent or processing aid — is one Australia and New Zealand regulates under separate rules, so they would not be expected on its list of food additives. Their absence here says nothing about whether Australia and New Zealand permits them.

Not on Australia and New Zealand’s list 143

Australia and New Zealand permits food additives only where it lists them, and these are not listed. That is not a finding against the substance: usually no one has applied for authorisation there. It does mean they may not be used as food additives in Australia and New Zealand today.

AdditiveFunctionIn Canada
1,3-Butylene glycolFormulation aid2 provisions
Acetic anhydrideFlavouring agent1 provision
AcetoneFlavour enhancer2 provisions
Acetone peroxidesFlour treatment agent3 provisions
Acetylated monoglyceridesEmulsifier4 provisions
Acetylated tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglyceridesEmulsifier4 provisions
Aluminium ammonium sulfate E523Acidity regulator1 provision
Aluminum potassium sulfate E522Firming agent5 provisions
Aluminum sodium sulfate E521Firming agent5 provisions
Aluminum sulfate E520Firming agent7 provisions
Ammonium citrate, dibasicFlavour enhancer2 provisions
Ammonium citrate, monobasicAcidity regulator2 provisions
Ammonium hydroxide E527Acidity regulator3 provisions
Ammonium persulfatePreservative4 provisions
Ammonium salt of phosphorylated glycerideEmulsifier8 provisions
Ammonium sulfate E517Dough strengthener3 provisions
Annatto extractColour8 provisions
AzodicarbonamideDough strengthener2 provisions
Bakers yeast glycanEmulsifier1 provision
Benzoyl peroxide INS 928Bleaching agent2 provisions
Caffeine citrate—2 provisions
Calcium glycerophosphateNutrient supplement1 provision
Calcium hypochloriteStarch-modifying agent1 provision
Calcium hypophosphiteAntioxidant1 provision
Calcium iodateDough strengthener2 provisions
Calcium peroxideDough strengthener2 provisions
Calcium phytateSequestrant1 provision
Calcium stearateFlavouring agent4 provisions
Candelilla wax E902Carrier1 provision
Canthaxanthin E161gColour4 provisions
CaramelColour8 provisions
Carnobacterium divergens M35Preservative1 provision
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum CB1Preservative2 provisions
Castor oil INS 1503Anticaking agent2 provisions
CelluloseAnticaking agent4 provisions
CharcoalColour3 provisions
ChitosanPreservative23 provisions
Chlorine INS 925Flour treatment agent1 provision
Chlorine dioxide E926Preservative1 provision
ChloropentafluoroethanePropellant1 provision
Citrus Red No. 2Colour1 provision
Cochineal extract; carmineColour5 provisions
Copper gluconateNutrient supplement1 provision
Cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cross-linked-cellulose gum) E468Stabiliser1 provision
Cyclodextrin, alpha- INS 457Stabiliser5 provisions
Dimethyl dicarbonate E242Preservative3 provisions
Dimethylpolysiloxane formulationsAntifoaming agent5 provisions
Disodium EDTA INS 386Antioxidant8 provisions
EthoxyquinAntioxidant1 provision
Ethyl beta-apo-8'-carotenoateColour4 provisions
FD&C Red No. 4Colour1 provision
Ferrous sulfateNutrient supplement1 provision
FurcelleranProcessing aid4 provisions
GelatinAnticaking agent18 provisions
Gluconic acid E574Nutrient supplement1 provision
Glycerol ester of gum rosinGlazing agent1 provision
Glycerol ester of tall oil rosin—1 provision
Ground limestoneColour1 provision
Guaiac resin INS 314Antioxidant2 provisions
Gum benzoinFlavour enhancer1 provision
Hydrogen peroxidePreservative5 provisions
Hydroxylated lecithinEmulsifier2 provisions
Ice structuring protein type III HPLC 12—2 provisions
L-Lysine monohydrochloride—1 provision
Lactococcus lactis DSM 11037—1 provision
Lactylated mono- and diglyceridesEmulsifier3 provisions
Lactylic esters of fatty acidsEmulsifier2 provisions
Lanolin—1 provision
Lecithin citratePreservative2 provisions
Leuconostoc carnosum 4010Preservative1 provision
Long-chain glycolipidsPreservative4 provisions
Magnesium fumarateNutrient supplement1 provision
Magnesium hydroxide E528Acidity regulator5 provisions
Magnesium stearate INS 470(iii)Anticaking agent6 provisions
Manganese sulfateNutrient supplement2 provisions
MethanolSolvent4 provisions
Methylene chlorideColour5 provisions
Mica-based pearlescent pigmentsColour12 provisions
Modified vinegarPreservative3 provisions
Monoglyceride citrateAntioxidant5 provisions
MonoglyceridesEmulsifier17 provisions
Monoisopropyl citrateFormulation aid3 provisions
Monosodium phosphate derivatives of mono- and diglyceridesEmulsifier1 provision
Nitric acidStarch-modifying agent1 provision
Oat gumEmulsifier1 provision
Octenyl succinic acid (OSA) modified gum arabic E423Emulsifier5 provisions
Octenyl succinic anhydrideDough strengthener1 provision
OrchilColour3 provisions
OxystearinProcessing aid1 provision
OzonePreservative3 provisions
Pancreas extract—1 provision
PaprikaColour5 provisions
Paraffin waxFlavour enhancer3 provisions
Peracetic acidAcidity regulator1 provision
Phosphorus oxychlorideAcidity regulator1 provision
Polyglycitol syrup E964Sweetener1 provision
Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate INS 430Emulsifier1 provision
Potassium iodateDough strengthener2 provisions
Potassium permanganateAnticaking agent1 provision
Potassium persulfateSurface-active agent2 provisions
Potassium stearatePreservative2 provisions
Propylene glycol mono fatty acid estersEmulsifier3 provisions
Propylene glycol mono- and diesters of fats and fatty acidsEmulsifier1 provision
Propylene oxideStarch-modifying agent1 provision
Salts of carrageenanGelling agent92 provisions
Salts of furcelleranEmulsifier16 provisions
SaponinFoaming agent1 provision
SaunderswoodFlavouring agent4 provisions
Sodium aluminum phosphateRaising agent3 provisions
Sodium chloriteStarch-modifying agent1 provision
Sodium copper chlorophyllinColour3 provisions
Sodium hexametaphosphateFlavouring agent24 provisions
Sodium hypochloriteDough strengthener1 provision
Sodium lauryl sulfateEmulsifier3 provisions
Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate E219Preservative4 provisions
Sodium methyl sulfateFirming agent1 provision
Sodium potassium hexametaphosphateThickener23 provisions
Sodium potassium tripolyphosphateAcidity regulator13 provisions
Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoatePreservative5 provisions
Sodium silicate—1 provision
Sodium stearateAnticaking agent2 provisions
Sodium stearyl fumarateDough strengthener2 provisions
Sodium thiosulfate INS 539Antioxidant1 provision
Sodium trimetaphosphateStarch-modifying agent1 provision
Sorbitan trioleateEmulsifier1 provision
Spermaceti waxGlazing agent1 provision
Spirulina extractColour7 provisions
Stearyl citrate INS 484Antioxidant1 provision
Stearyl monoglyceridyl citrateStabiliser1 provision
Succinic anhydrideStarch-modifying agent1 provision
Sucrose monoesters of lauric, palmitic or stearic acidEmulsifier1 provision
Sulfuric acid E513Acidity regulator4 provisions
Sulfurous acidAcidity regulator16 provisions
Tamarind seed polysaccharide INS 437Emulsifier15 provisions
Tocopherols INS 307aAntioxidant9 provisions
Tomato lycopene extract; tomato lycopene concentrateColour20 provisions
TributyrinFlavouring agent2 provisions
Trimagnesium dicitrate E345(i)Acidity regulator1 provision
White mineral oilFormulation aid6 provisions
Wood smokePreservative3 provisions
XanthophyllColour3 provisions
ZeinGlazing agent1 provision
Zinc sulfateNutrient supplement2 provisions

Permitted in Australia and New Zealand, no permission in Canada

No Canadian listing matched 118

Health Canada’s lists name additives without E or INS numbers, so this site matches them by exact name. A substance listed in Canada under a name this site does not recognise will appear here. Treat these as unconfirmed, not as absent.

AdditiveFunctionIn Australia and New Zealand
Acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol E472aEmulsifier54 provisions
Acetylated distarch adipate E1422Emulsifier57 provisions
Acetylated distarch phosphate E1414Emulsifier57 provisions
Acetylated oxidized starch E1451Emulsifier54 provisions
Acid-treated starch INS 1401Emulsifier54 provisions
Alitame INS 956Sweetener20 provisions
Alkaline treated starch INS 1402Emulsifier54 provisions
Alpha-tocopherol E307—2 provisions
Aluminium silicate (Kaolin) E559—54 provisions
Ammonium carbonates E503—56 provisions
Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid E442Emulsifier54 provisions
Aspartame-acesulfame salt E962Sweetener25 provisions
Azorubine (Carmoisine) E122Colour44 provisions
Bentonite E558Processing aid54 provisions
Blackcurrant extract INS 163(iii)—47 provisions
Bleached starch INS 1403Emulsifier54 provisions
Bone phosphate INS 542Anticaking agent1 provision
Brilliant black (Black PN) E151Colour44 provisions
Brown HT E155Colour44 provisions
Calcium aluminium silicate E556—55 provisions
Calcium benzoate E213Preservative25 provisions
Calcium cyclamate INS 952(ii)Sweetener9 provisions
Calcium di-L-glutamate E623Flavour enhancer54 provisions
Calcium lignosulfonateSurface-active agent54 provisions
Calcium malates E352—54 provisions
Calcium polyphosphate E452Acidity regulator55 provisions
Calcium pyrophosphate E450Acidity regulator55 provisions
Caramel I – plain caramel E150aColour50 provisions
Caramel II - sulfite caramel E150bColour50 provisions
Caramel III - ammonia caramel E150cColour50 provisions
Caramel IV - sulfite ammonia caramel E150dColour50 provisions
Carmines E120Colour47 provisions
Carotenal, beta-apo-8'- E160eColour48 provisions
Chlorophylls, copper complexes INS 141(i)Colour47 provisions
Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins E141Colour47 provisions
Curcumin E100Colour47 provisions
Cyclamic acid INS 952(i)Sweetener9 provisions
Cyclamic acid and its Na and Ca salts E952Sweetener9 provisions
Delta-tocopherol E309—3 provisions
Dextrin INS 1400Carrier54 provisions
Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol E472eEmulsifier55 provisions
Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides E635Flavour enhancer54 provisions
Disodium guanylate E627Flavour enhancer54 provisions
Disodium inosinate E631Flavour enhancer54 provisions
Distarch phosphate E1412Emulsifier57 provisions
dl-alpha-Tocopherol INS 307cAntioxidant4 provisions
Dodecyl gallate INS 312Antioxidant2 provisions
Ethyl maltol INS 637Flavour enhancer2 provisions
Extracts of rosemary E392Flavouring agent19 provisions
Fatty acids E570Formulation aid54 provisions
Ferric ammonium citrate INS 381Anticaking agent55 provisions
Gamma-tocopherol E308—3 provisions
Gardenia yellow INS 164—47 provisions
Glutamic acid E620Flavour enhancer54 provisions
Grape skin extract INS 163(ii)Colour48 provisions
Green S E142Colour44 provisions
Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate E1442Anticaking agent54 provisions
Hydroxypropyl starch E1440Emulsifier57 provisions
Iron oxide, black INS 172(i)Colour47 provisions
Lactic and fatty acid esters of glycerol E472bEmulsifier54 provisions
Lutein from Tagetes erecta E161bColour47 provisions
Lycopene E160dFlavouring agent47 provisions
Lysozyme E1105Preservative54 provisions
Magnesium di-L-glutamate E625Flavour enhancer54 provisions
Magnesium dihydrogen diphosphate E450(ix)Acidity regulator55 provisions
Magnesium dihydrogen phosphate INS 343(i)Acidity regulator55 provisions
Magnesium hydrogen phosphate INS 343(ii)Acidity regulator55 provisions
Magnesium lactate, DL- INS 329Acidity regulator54 provisions
Magnesium phosphates E343—55 provisions
Maltol INS 636Flavour enhancer2 provisions
Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids E472f—54 provisions
Monoammonium glutamate E624Flavour enhancer54 provisions
Monopotassium glutamate E622Flavour enhancer54 provisions
Monosodium L-glutamate E621Flavour enhancer54 provisions
Monostarch phosphate E1410Emulsifier54 provisions
Octyl gallate INS 311Antioxidant2 provisions
Oxidised polyethylene wax E914Glazing agent1 provision
Oxidized starch E1404Emulsifier54 provisions
Paprika extract, capsanthin, capsorubin E160cColour47 provisions
Phosphated distarch phosphate E1413Emulsifier57 provisions
Polydimethylsiloxane E900Anticaking agent55 provisions
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate E432Emulsifier3 provisions
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate E431Emulsifier2 provisions
Ponceau 4R (Cochineal red A) E124Colour44 provisions
Potassium adipate E357—54 provisions
Potassium aluminium silicate E555—2 provisions
Potassium citrates E332—57 provisions
Potassium dihydrogen citrate INS 332(i)Acidity regulator57 provisions
Potassium gluconate E577Acidity regulator54 provisions
Potassium malate E351—54 provisions
Potassium polyphosphate E452Acidity regulator55 provisions
Potassium propionate E283Preservative4 provisions
Potassium sulfite INS 225Antioxidant39 provisions
Potassium sulphates E515—54 provisions
Processed eucheuma seaweed (PES) E407aBulking agent54 provisions
Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids E477Emulsifier55 provisions
Quillaia extract type I INS 999(i)Emulsifier8 provisions
Quinine—3 provisions
Quinoline yellow E104Colour44 provisions
Riboflavin-5′-phosphate (sodium) E101Colour47 provisions
Sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic E541Acidity regulator1 provision
Sodium calcium polyphosphate E452Acidity regulator55 provisions
Sodium citrates E331—57 provisions
Sodium cyclamate INS 952(iv)Sweetener9 provisions
Sodium dihydrogen citrate INS 331(i)Acidity regulator57 provisions
Sodium DL-malate INS 350(ii)Acidity regulator54 provisions
Sodium malates E350—54 provisions
Sodium metaphosphate, insolubleEmulsifier55 provisions
Sodium polyphosphate E452Acidity regulator55 provisions
Sodium sulphates E514—54 provisions
Starch acetate E1420Emulsifier54 provisions
Starch sodium octenyl succinate E1450Carrier57 provisions
Starches, enzyme treated INS 1405Emulsifier54 provisions
Succinic acid E363Flavour enhancer1 provision
Sulfur dioxide E220Antioxidant39 provisions
Synthetic iron oxideColour47 provisions
Tocopherol concentrate, mixed INS 307bAntioxidant5 provisions
Triammonium citrate E380Acidity regulator56 provisions

What this page is not

It is not a list of unsafe additives, and a regulator permitting something is not this site’s endorsement of it. Regulators reach different decisions on the same evidence, on different applications, and at different times. Each additive’s page shows every jurisdiction’s status with its citation, and where an assessing body has published a reading of the evidence, that reading, attributed.

Counts are of this site’s additive pages, which follow the regulators’ own listings: a group entry in one jurisdiction can correspond to several pages in another. Status as retrieved from each source; see Sources for dates.