US listings, by section of 21 CFR

The United States does not keep one list of food additives. It keeps many, each a section of Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, and a substance is listed where a section names it. This page gathers the 711 substances this site holds a US listing for under the 577 sections that carry them, so that a section can be read as a whole and a substance found beside the others it is listed with.

A section's number tells you which route a substance came by: Part 172 for direct additions, Part 173 for secondary direct additives such as processing aids, Part 184 for substances the FDA affirmed as generally recognised as safe, Part 189 for substances prohibited from human food. “Not listed” is a different thing from any of these, and is not shown here. The rows are imported from the eCFR; see Sources for the retrieval date.

Part 73 — Listing of color additives exempt from certification

47 substances in 45 sections.

SectionSubstanceStatus
21 CFR 73.30Annatto extract Permitted
21 CFR 73.32Antarctic krill meal Permitted
21 CFR 73.35Astaxanthin Permitted
21 CFR 73.37Astaxanthin dimethyldisuccinate Permitted
21 CFR 73.40Dehydrated beets (beet powder) Permitted
21 CFR 73.50Ultramarine blue Permitted
21 CFR 73.69Butterfly pea flower extract Permitted
21 CFR 73.70Calcium carbonate Permitted
21 CFR 73.75Canthaxanthin Permitted
21 CFR 73.80Calcium phosphate Permitted
21 CFR 73.85Caramel Permitted
21 CFR 73.90Carotenal, beta-apo-8'- Permitted
β-Apo-8′-carotenal Permitted
21 CFR 73.95Beta -carotene Permitted
21 CFR 73.100Carmines Permitted
Cochineal extract; carmine Permitted
21 CFR 73.125Sodium copper chlorophyllin Permitted
21 CFR 73.140Toasted partially defatted cooked cottonseed flour Permitted
21 CFR 73.160Ferrous gluconate Permitted
21 CFR 73.165Ferrous lactate Permitted
21 CFR 73.167Galdieria extract blue Permitted
21 CFR 73.168Gardenia (genipin) blue Permitted
21 CFR 73.169Grape color extract Permitted
21 CFR 73.170Grape skin extract Permitted
21 CFR 73.185Haematococcus algae meal Permitted
21 CFR 73.200Synthetic iron oxide Permitted
21 CFR 73.225Jagua (genipin-glycine) blue Permitted
21 CFR 73.250Fruit juice Permitted
21 CFR 73.260Vegetable juice Permitted
21 CFR 73.275Dried algae meal Permitted
21 CFR 73.295Tagetes (Aztec marigold) meal and extract Permitted
21 CFR 73.297Myoglobin Permitted
21 CFR 73.300Carrot oil Permitted
21 CFR 73.315Corn endosperm oil Permitted
21 CFR 73.340Paprika Permitted
21 CFR 73.345Paprika oleoresin Permitted
21 CFR 73.350Mica-based pearlescent pigments Permitted
21 CFR 73.352Paracoccus pigment Permitted
21 CFR 73.355Phaffia yeast Permitted
21 CFR 73.450Riboflavin Permitted
21 CFR 73.500Saffron Permitted
21 CFR 73.520Soy leghemoglobin Permitted
21 CFR 73.530Spirulina extract Permitted
21 CFR 73.575Titanium dioxide Permitted
21 CFR 73.585Tomato lycopene extract; tomato lycopene concentrate Permitted
21 CFR 73.600Turmeric Permitted
21 CFR 73.615Turmeric oleoresin Permitted

Part 74 — Listing of color additives subject to certification

8 substances in 8 sections.

SectionSubstanceStatus
21 CFR 74.101FD&C Blue No. 1 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 74.102FD&C Blue No. 2 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 74.203FD&C Green No. 3 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 74.302Citrus Red No. 2 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 74.303FD&C Red No. 3 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 74.340FD&C Red No. 40 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 74.705FD&C Yellow No. 5 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 74.706FD&C Yellow No. 6 Permitted, with conditions

Part 82 — Listing of certified provisionally listed colors and specifications

5 substances in 5 sections.

SectionSubstanceStatus
21 CFR 82.101FD&C Blue No. 1 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 82.102FD&C Blue No. 2 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 82.203FD&C Green No. 3 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 82.705FD&C Yellow No. 5 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 82.706FD&C Yellow No. 6 Permitted, with conditions

Part 172 — Food additives permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption

258 substances in 153 sections.

SectionSubstanceStatus
21 CFR 172.105Anoxomer Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.110Butylated hydroxyanisole Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.115Butylated hydroxytoluene Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.120Calcium disodium EDTA Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.130Dehydroacetic acid Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.133Dimethyl dicarbonate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.135Disodium EDTA Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.140Ethoxyquin Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.145Heptylparaben Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.1504-Hydroxymethyl-2,6-di-tert -butylphenol Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.155Natamycin (pimaricin) Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.160Potassium nitrate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.165Quaternary ammonium chloride combination Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.167Silver nitrate and hydrogen peroxide solution Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.170Sodium nitrate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.175Sodium nitrite Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.177Sodium nitrite used in processing smoked chub Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.180Stannous chloride Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.185TBHQ Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.190THBP Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.210Coatings on fresh citrus fruit Permitted, with conditions
Potassium persulfate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.215Coumarone-indene resin Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.225Methyl and ethyl esters of fatty acids produced from edible fats and oils Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.230Microcapsules for flavoring substances Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.235Morpholine Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.250Petroleum naphtha Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.255Polyacrylamide Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.260Oxidised polyethylene wax Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.270Sulfated butyl oleate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.275Synthetic paraffin and succinic derivatives Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.280Terpene resin Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.310Aluminum nicotinate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.315Nicotinamide-ascorbic acid complex Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.320Amino acids Permitted, with conditions
DL-Methionine Permitted, with conditions
L-Arginine Permitted, with conditions
L-Asparagine Permitted, with conditions
L-Aspartic acid Permitted, with conditions
L-Glutamine Permitted, with conditions
L-Histidine Permitted, with conditions
L-Isoleucine Permitted, with conditions
L-leucine Permitted, with conditions
L-Lysine Permitted, with conditions
L-Lysine monohydrochloride Permitted, with conditions
L-Methionine Permitted, with conditions
L-Phenylalanine Permitted, with conditions
L-Proline Permitted, with conditions
L-Serine Permitted, with conditions
L-Threonine Permitted, with conditions
L-Tryptophan Permitted, with conditions
L-Tyrosine Permitted, with conditions
L-Valine Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.325Bakers yeast protein Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.330Calcium pantothenate, calcium chloride double salt Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.335D-Pantothenamide Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.340Fish protein isolate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.345Folic acid (folacin) Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.350Calcium fumarate Permitted, with conditions
Fumaric acid Permitted, with conditions
Fumaric acid and salts of fumaric acid Permitted, with conditions
Magnesium fumarate Permitted, with conditions
Potassium fumarate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.365Kelp Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.370Iron-choline citrate complex Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.372N -Acetyl-L-methionine Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.375Potassium iodide Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.379Vitamin D2 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.380Vitamin D3 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.381Vitamin D2 bakers yeast Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.382Vitamin D2 mushroom powder Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.383Vitamin D2 inactive bakers yeast Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.385Whole fish protein concentrate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.395Xylitol Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.399Zinc methionine sulfate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.410Calcium silicate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.430Ferric ammonium citrate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.480Silicon dioxide Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.490Yellow prussiate of soda Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.510Natural flavoring substances and natural substances used in conjunction with flavors Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.5151-Decanol Permitted, with conditions
Acetophenone Permitted, with conditions
Allyl caproate Permitted, with conditions
Allyl cyclohexanepropionate Permitted, with conditions
Allyl isothiocyanate Permitted, with conditions
Anisaldehyde Permitted, with conditions
Benzyl acetate Permitted, with conditions
Benzyl alcohol Permitted, with conditions
Benzyl propionate Permitted, with conditions
Butan-1-ol Permitted, with conditions
Butan-2-ol Permitted, with conditions
Butyl acetate Permitted, with conditions
Butyl butyrate Permitted, with conditions
Cinnamic acid Permitted, with conditions
Cinnamyl acetate Permitted, with conditions
Cinnamyl alcohol Permitted, with conditions
Citronellal Permitted, with conditions
Citronellol Permitted, with conditions
Citronellyl acetate Permitted, with conditions
Citronellyl formate Permitted, with conditions
Diethyl tartrate Permitted, with conditions
Ethyl acetoacetate Permitted, with conditions
Ethyl cinnamate Permitted, with conditions
Ethyl decanoate Permitted, with conditions
Ethyl heptanoate Permitted, with conditions
Ethyl hexanoate Permitted, with conditions
Ethyl isovalerate Permitted, with conditions
Ethyl lactate Permitted, with conditions
Ethyl maltol Permitted, with conditions
Ethyl methyl ketone Permitted, with conditions
Ethyl octanoate Permitted, with conditions
Ethyl phenylacetate Permitted, with conditions
Ethyl propionate Permitted, with conditions
Eucalyptol Permitted, with conditions
Formic acid Permitted, with conditions
Geranyl formate Permitted, with conditions
Hydroxycitronellal Permitted, with conditions
Isoamyl acetate Permitted, with conditions
Isoamyl butyrate Permitted, with conditions
Isoamyl formate Permitted, with conditions
Isoamyl isovalerate Permitted, with conditions
Isoamyl propionate Permitted, with conditions
Isobutanol Permitted, with conditions
Isobutyl phenylacetate Permitted, with conditions
Isoeugenol Permitted, with conditions
Isopropyl acetate Permitted, with conditions
Lepidine Permitted, with conditions
Maltol Permitted, with conditions
Menthadienol Permitted, with conditions
Methyl cinnamate Permitted, with conditions
Methyl N-methylanthranilate Permitted, with conditions
Methyl β-naphthyl ketone Permitted, with conditions
Octanal Permitted, with conditions
p-Methyl acetophenone Permitted, with conditions
Phenylethyl acetate Permitted, with conditions
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate Permitted, with conditions
Potassium acetate Permitted, with conditions
Propan-1-ol Permitted, with conditions
Synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants Permitted, with conditions
α-Amylcinnamaldehyde Permitted, with conditions
α-Ionone Permitted, with conditions
β-Ionone Permitted, with conditions
γ-Nonalactone Permitted, with conditions
γ-Undecalactone Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.520Cocoa with dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate for manufacturing Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.530Disodium guanylate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.535Disodium inosinate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.540DL-Alanine Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.560Modified hop extract Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.575Quinine Permitted, with conditions
Quinine sulfate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.580Safrole-free extract of sassafras Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.585Sugar beet extract flavor base Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.590Yeast-malt sprout extract Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.610Arabinogalactan Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.615Chewing gum base Permitted, with conditions
Chicle Permitted, with conditions
Glycerol ester of gum rosin Permitted, with conditions
Glycerol ester of polymerized rosin Permitted, with conditions
Glycerol ester of tall oil rosin Permitted, with conditions
Glycerol ester of wood rosin Permitted, with conditions
Lanolin Permitted, with conditions
Massaranduba chocolate Permitted, with conditions
Nispero Permitted, with conditions
Potassium stearate Permitted, with conditions
Sodium stearate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.620Carrageenan Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.623Carrageenan with polysorbate 80 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.626Salts of carrageenan Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.655Furcelleran Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.660Salts of furcelleran Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.665Gellan gum Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.695Xanthan gum Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.710Adjuvants for pesticide use dilutions Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.7121,3-Butylene glycol Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.715Calcium lignosulfonate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.720Calcium lactobionate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.723Epoxidized soybean oil Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.725Gibberellic acid and its potassium salt Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.730Potassium bromate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.735Glycerol ester of gum rosin Permitted, with conditions
Glycerol ester of rosin Permitted, with conditions
Glycerol ester of tall oil rosin Permitted, with conditions
Glycerol ester of wood rosin Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.736Glycerides and polyglycides of hydrogenated vegetable oils Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.755Stearyl monoglyceridyl citrate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.765Succistearin (stearoyl propylene glycol hydrogen succinate) Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.770Ethylene oxide polymer Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.775Methacrylic acid-divinylbenzene copolymer Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.780Gum arabic (Acacia gum) Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.785Listeria -specific bacteriophage preparation Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.800Acesulfame potassium Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.802Acetone peroxides Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.803Advantame Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.804Aspartame Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.806Azodicarbonamide Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.808Copolymer condensates of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.809Curdlan Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.810Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.811Glyceryl tristearate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.812Glycine Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.814Hydroxylated lecithin Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.816Methyl glucoside-coconut oil ester Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.818Oxystearin Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.820Polyethylene glycol Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.822Sodium lauryl sulfate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.824Sodium mono- and dimethyl naphthalene sulfonates Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.826Sodium stearyl fumarate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.828Acetylated monoglycerides Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.829Neotame Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.830Succinylated monoglycerides Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.831Sucralose Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.832Monoglyceride citrate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.833Sucrose acetate isobutyrate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.834Ethoxylated mono- and diglycerides Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.836Polysorbate 60 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.838Polysorbate 65 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.840Polysorbate 80 Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.841Polydextrose Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.842Sorbitan monostearate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.844Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.846Sodium stearoyl lactylate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.848Lactylic esters of fatty acids Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.850Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propylene glycol Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.852Glyceryl-lacto esters of fatty acids Permitted, with conditions
Lactic and fatty acid esters of glycerol Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.854Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.856Propylene glycol mono- and diesters of fats and fatty acids Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.858Propylene glycol alginate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.859Sucrose esters of fatty acids Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.860Fatty acids Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.861Cocoa butter substitute from coconut oil, palm kernel oil, or both oils Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.862Oleic acid derived from tall oil fatty acids Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.863Magnesium salts of fatty acids Permitted, with conditions
Salts of fatty acids Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.864Cetyl alcohol Permitted, with conditions
Hexyl alcohol Permitted, with conditions
Lauryl alcohol Permitted, with conditions
Myristyl alcohol Permitted, with conditions
Octyl alcohol Permitted, with conditions
Stearyl alcohol Permitted, with conditions
Synthetic fatty alcohols Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.866Synthetic glycerin produced by the hydrogenolysis of carbohydrates Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.867Olestra Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.868Ethyl cellulose Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.869Sucrose Oligoesters, Type I and Type II Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.870Hydroxypropyl cellulose Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.872Methyl ethyl cellulose Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.874Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.876Castor oil Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.878White mineral oil Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.880Petrolatum Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.882Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.884Odorless light petroleum hydrocarbons Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.886Petroleum wax Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.888Synthetic petroleum wax Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.890Rice bran wax Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.892Food starch-modified Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.894Modified cottonseed products intended for human consumption Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.896Dried yeasts Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 172.898Bakers yeast glycan Permitted, with conditions

Part 173 — Secondary direct food additives permitted in food for human consumption

101 substances in 57 sections.

SectionSubstanceStatus
21 CFR 173.5Acrylate-acrylamide resins Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.10Modified polyacrylamide resin Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.20Ion-exchange membranes Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.21Perfluorinated ion exchange membranes Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.25Ion-exchange resins Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.40Molecular sieve resins Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.45Polymaleic acid and its sodium salt Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.50Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.55Polyvinylpyrrolidone Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.60Dimethylamine-epichlorohydrin copolymer Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.65Divinylbenzene copolymer Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.70Chloromethylated aminated styrene-divinylbenzene resin Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.73Sodium polyacrylate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.75Sorbitan monooleate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.110Amyloglucosidase derived from Rhizopus niveus Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.115Alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase (α-ALDC) enzyme preparation derived from a recombinant Bacillus subtilis Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.120Carbohydrase and cellulase derived from Aspergillus niger Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.130Carbohydrase derived from Rhizopus oryzae Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.135Catalase derived from Micrococcus lysodeikticus Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.140Esterase-lipase derived from Mucor miehei Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.145Alpha-Galactosidase derived from Mortierella vinaceae var. raffinoseutilizer Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.150Milk-clotting enzyme from Endothia parasitica Permitted, with conditions
Milk-clotting enzyme from Mucor miehei Permitted, with conditions
Milk-clotting enzyme from Mucor pusillus Lindt Permitted, with conditions
Milk-clotting enzyme from recombinant Aspergillus oryzae Permitted, with conditions
Milk-clotting enzymes, microbial Permitted, with conditions
Rennet from Bacillus cereus Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.160Candida guilliermondii Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.165Candida lipolytica Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.170Aminoglycoside 3′-phosphotransferase II Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.210Acetone Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.2201,3-Butylene glycol Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.228Ethyl acetate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.230Ethylene dichloride Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.240Isopropyl alcohol Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.250Methanol Permitted, with conditions
Methyl alcohol residues Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.255Methylene chloride Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.270Hexane Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.275Hydrogenated sperm oil Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.280Solvent extraction process for citric acid Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.290Trichloroethylene Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.300Chlorine dioxide Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.3101-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid Permitted, with conditions
Boiler water additives Permitted, with conditions
Cyclohexylamine Permitted, with conditions
Diethylaminoethanol Permitted, with conditions
Hydrazine Permitted, with conditions
Lignosulfonic acid Permitted, with conditions
Octadecylamine Permitted, with conditions
Pentapotassium triphosphate Permitted, with conditions
Poly(acrylic acid-co-hypophosphite), sodium salt Permitted, with conditions
Polymaleic acid and its sodium salt Permitted, with conditions
Sodium aluminate Permitted, with conditions
Sodium glucoheptonate Permitted, with conditions
Sodium humate Permitted, with conditions
Sodium lignosulfonate Permitted, with conditions
Sodium polymethacrylate Permitted, with conditions
Sodium silicate Permitted, with conditions
Sodium sulfate Permitted, with conditions
Trisodium nitrilotriacetate Permitted, with conditions
Trisodium phosphate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.3151-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid Permitted, with conditions
Chemicals used in washing or to assist in the peeling of fruits and vegetables Permitted, with conditions
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Permitted, with conditions
Linear undecylbenzenesulfonic acid Permitted, with conditions
Monoethanolamine Permitted, with conditions
Peracetic acid Permitted, with conditions
Potassium bromide Permitted, with conditions
Sodium hypochlorite Permitted, with conditions
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate Permitted, with conditions
Tetrasodium EDTA Permitted, with conditions
Triethanolamine Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.320Chemicals for controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills Permitted, with conditions
Disodium cyanodithioimidocarbonate Permitted, with conditions
Disodium ethylenebisdithiocarbamate Permitted, with conditions
Ethylenediamine Permitted, with conditions
Potassium N-methyldithiocarbamate Permitted, with conditions
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.322Chemicals used in delinting cottonseed Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.325Acidified sodium chlorite solutions Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.340Aluminum stearate Permitted, with conditions
Defoaming agents Permitted, with conditions
Formaldehyde Permitted, with conditions
Polydimethylsiloxane Permitted, with conditions
Potassium stearate Permitted, with conditions
Tallow alcohol, hydrogenated Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.342Chlorofluorocarbon 113 and perfluorohexane Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.345Chloropentafluoroethane Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.350Combustion product gas Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.355Dichlorodifluoromethane Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.356Hydrogen peroxide Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.357Materials used as fixing agents in the immobilization of enzyme preparations Permitted, with conditions
Periodic acid Permitted, with conditions
Polyethylenimine reaction product with 1,2-dichloroethane Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.360Octafluorocyclobutane Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.368Ozone Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.370Peroxyacids Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.375Cetylpyridinium chloride Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.385Sodium methyl sulfate Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.395Trifluoromethane sulfonic acid Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.400Dimethyldialkylammonium chloride Permitted, with conditions
21 CFR 173.405Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Permitted, with conditions

Part 182 — Substances generally recognized as safe

71 substances in 76 sections.

SectionSubstanceStatus
21 CFR 182.1045Glutamic acid Permitted
21 CFR 182.1047Glutamic acid hydrochloride Permitted
21 CFR 182.1057Hydrochloric acid Permitted
21 CFR 182.1073Phosphoric acid Permitted
21 CFR 182.1087Sodium acid pyrophosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.1125Aluminum sulfate Permitted
21 CFR 182.1127Aluminium ammonium sulfate Permitted
21 CFR 182.1129Aluminum potassium sulfate Permitted
21 CFR 182.1131Aluminum sodium sulfate Permitted
21 CFR 182.1180Caffeine Permitted
21 CFR 182.1217Calcium hydrogen phosphate Permitted
Calcium phosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.1235Caramel Permitted
21 CFR 182.1320Glycerin Permitted
21 CFR 182.1480Methyl cellulose Permitted
21 CFR 182.1500Monoammonium glutamate Permitted
21 CFR 182.1516Monopotassium glutamate Permitted
21 CFR 182.1711Silica aerogel Permitted
21 CFR 182.1745Sodium carboxymethylcellulose Permitted
21 CFR 182.1748Sodium caseinate Permitted
21 CFR 182.1778Sodium phosphate Permitted
Trisodium phosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.1781Sodium aluminum phosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.1810Sodium tripolyphosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.2122Calcium aluminium silicate Permitted
21 CFR 182.2227Calcium silicate Permitted
21 CFR 182.2437Magnesium silicate Permitted
21 CFR 182.2727Sodium aluminosilicate Permitted
21 CFR 182.2729Sodium calcium aluminosilicate, hydrated Permitted
21 CFR 182.2906Tricalcium silicate Permitted
21 CFR 182.3013Ascorbic acid Permitted
21 CFR 182.3041Erythorbic acid Permitted
21 CFR 182.3089Sorbic acid Permitted
21 CFR 182.3109Thiodipropionic acid Permitted
21 CFR 182.3149Ascorbyl palmitate Permitted
21 CFR 182.3169Butylated hydroxyanisole Permitted
21 CFR 182.3173Butylated hydroxytoluene Permitted
21 CFR 182.3189Calcium ascorbate Permitted
21 CFR 182.3225Calcium sorbate Permitted
21 CFR 182.3280Dilauryl thiodipropionate Permitted
21 CFR 182.3616Potassium bisulfite Permitted
21 CFR 182.3637Potassium metabisulfite Permitted
21 CFR 182.3640Potassium sorbate Permitted
21 CFR 182.3731Sodium ascorbate Permitted
21 CFR 182.3739Sodium bisulfite Permitted
21 CFR 182.3766Sodium metabisulfite Permitted
21 CFR 182.3795Sodium sorbate Permitted
21 CFR 182.3798Sodium sulfite Permitted
21 CFR 182.3862Sulfur dioxide Permitted
21 CFR 182.3890Tocopherols Permitted
21 CFR 182.6085Sodium acid phosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.6197Calcium acetate Permitted
21 CFR 182.6203Calcium hexametaphosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.6215Monobasic calcium phosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.6285Dipotassium phosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.6290Disodium phosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.6757Sodium gluconate Permitted
21 CFR 182.6760Sodium hexametaphosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.6769Sodium metaphosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.6778Sodium phosphate Permitted
Trisodium phosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.6787Sodium pyrophosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.6789Sodium pyrophosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.6810Sodium tripolyphosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.7255Carrageenan Permitted
21 CFR 182.8013Ascorbic acid Permitted
21 CFR 182.8159Biotin Permitted
21 CFR 182.8217Calcium hydrogen phosphate Permitted
Calcium phosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.8223Calcium pyrophosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.8250Choline bitartrate Permitted
21 CFR 182.8252Choline chloride Permitted
21 CFR 182.8778Sodium phosphate Permitted
21 CFR 182.8890Tocopherols Permitted
21 CFR 182.8892α-Tocopherol acetate Permitted
21 CFR 182.8985Zinc chloride Permitted
21 CFR 182.8988Zinc gluconate Permitted
21 CFR 182.8991Zinc oxide Permitted
21 CFR 182.8994Zinc stearate Permitted
21 CFR 182.8997Zinc sulfate Permitted

Part 184 — Direct food substances affirmed as generally recognized as safe

225 substances in 214 sections.

SectionSubstanceStatus
21 CFR 184.1005Acetic acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1007Aconitic acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1009Adipic acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1011Alginic acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1012α-Amylase enzyme preparation from Bacillus stearothermophilus Permitted
21 CFR 184.1021Benzoic acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1024Bromelain Permitted
21 CFR 184.1025Caprylic acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1027Mixed carbohydrase and protease enzyme product Permitted
21 CFR 184.1033Citric acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1034Catalase (bovine liver) Permitted
21 CFR 184.1061Lactic acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1063Enzyme-modified lecithin Permitted
21 CFR 184.1065Linoleic acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1069Malic acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1077Potassium acid tartrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1081Propionic acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1090Stearic acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1091Succinic acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1095Sulfuric acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1097Tannic acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1099Tartaric acid Permitted
21 CFR 184.1101Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol Permitted
21 CFR 184.1115Agar Permitted
21 CFR 184.1120Brown algae Permitted
21 CFR 184.1121Red algae Permitted
21 CFR 184.1133Ammonium alginate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1135Ammonium bicarbonate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1137Ammonium carbonate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1138Ammonium chloride Permitted
21 CFR 184.1139Ammonium hydroxide Permitted
21 CFR 184.1140Ammonium citrate, dibasic Permitted
21 CFR 184.1141aAmmonium phosphate, monobasic Permitted
21 CFR 184.1141bAmmonium phosphate, dibasic Permitted
21 CFR 184.1143Ammonium sulfate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1148Bacterially-derived carbohydrase enzyme preparation Permitted
21 CFR 184.1150Bacterially-derived protease enzyme preparation Permitted
21 CFR 184.1155Bentonite Permitted
21 CFR 184.1157Benzoyl peroxide Permitted
21 CFR 184.1165Butane Permitted
Isobutane Permitted
n-Butane and iso-butane Permitted
21 CFR 184.1185Calcium acetate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1187Calcium alginate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1191Calcium carbonate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1193Calcium chloride Permitted
21 CFR 184.1195Calcium citrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1199Calcium gluconate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1201Calcium glycerophosphate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1205Calcium hydroxide Permitted
21 CFR 184.1206Calcium iodate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1207Calcium lactate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1210Calcium oxide Permitted
21 CFR 184.1212Calcium pantothenate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1221Calcium propionate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1229Calcium stearate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1230Calcium sulfate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1240Carbon dioxide Permitted
21 CFR 184.1245Beta -carotene Permitted
21 CFR 184.1250Cellulase enzyme preparation derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum Permitted
21 CFR 184.1257Clove and its derivatives Permitted
21 CFR 184.1259Cocoa butter substitute Permitted
21 CFR 184.1260Copper gluconate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1261Copper sulfate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1262Corn silk and corn silk extract Permitted
21 CFR 184.1265Cuprous iodide Permitted
21 CFR 184.1271L-Cysteine Permitted
21 CFR 184.1272L-Cysteine monohydrochloride Permitted
21 CFR 184.1277Dextrin Permitted
21 CFR 184.1278Diacetyl Permitted
21 CFR 184.1282Dill and its derivatives Permitted
21 CFR 184.1287Enzyme-modified fats Permitted
21 CFR 184.1293Ethyl alcohol Permitted
21 CFR 184.1295Ethyl formate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1296Ferric ammonium citrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1297Ferric chloride Permitted
21 CFR 184.1298Ferric citrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1301Ferric phosphate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1304Ferric pyrophosphate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1307Ferric sulfate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1307aFerrous ascorbate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1307bFerrous carbonate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1307cFerrous citrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1307dFerrous fumarate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1308Ferrous gluconate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1311Ferrous lactate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1315Ferrous sulfate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1316Ficin Permitted
21 CFR 184.1317Garlic and its derivatives Permitted
21 CFR 184.1318Glucono delta-lactone Permitted
21 CFR 184.1321Corn gluten Permitted
21 CFR 184.1322Wheat gluten Permitted
21 CFR 184.1323Glyceryl monooleate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1324Glyceryl monostearate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1328Glyceryl behenate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1329Glyceryl palmitostearate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1330Gum arabic (Acacia gum) Permitted
21 CFR 184.1333Gum ghatti Permitted
21 CFR 184.1339Guar gum Permitted
21 CFR 184.1343Carob bean gum Permitted
21 CFR 184.1349Karaya gum Permitted
21 CFR 184.1351Gum tragacanth Permitted
21 CFR 184.1355Helium Permitted
21 CFR 184.1366Hydrogen peroxide Permitted
Sodium percarbonate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1370Inositol Permitted
21 CFR 184.1372Glucose isomerase from Bacillus coagulans Permitted
Glucose isomerase from Streptomyces olivaceus Permitted
Glucose isomerase from Streptomyces olivochromogenes Permitted
Glucose isomerase from Streptomyces rubiginosus Permitted
Insoluble glucose isomerase enzyme preparations Permitted
21 CFR 184.1375Iron, elemental Permitted
21 CFR 184.1386Isopropyl citrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1387Lactase enzyme preparation from Candida pseudotropicalis Permitted
21 CFR 184.1388Lactase enzyme preparation from Kluyveromyces lactis Permitted
21 CFR 184.1400Lecithin Permitted
21 CFR 184.1408Licorice and licorice derivatives Permitted
21 CFR 184.1409Ground limestone Permitted
21 CFR 184.1415Animal lipase Permitted
21 CFR 184.1420Animal lipase Permitted
21 CFR 184.1425Magnesium carbonate Permitted
Magnesium hydroxide carbonate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1426Magnesium chloride Permitted
21 CFR 184.1428Magnesium hydroxide Permitted
21 CFR 184.1431Magnesium oxide Permitted
21 CFR 184.1434Magnesium hydrogen phosphate Permitted
Magnesium phosphate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1440Magnesium stearate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1443Magnesium sulfate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1443aMalt Permitted
21 CFR 184.1444Maltodextrin Permitted
21 CFR 184.1445Malt syrup (malt extract) Permitted
21 CFR 184.1446Manganese chloride Permitted
21 CFR 184.1449Manganese citrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1452Manganese gluconate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1461Manganese sulfate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1472Menhaden oil Permitted
21 CFR 184.1490Methylparaben Permitted
21 CFR 184.1498Microparticulated protein product Permitted
21 CFR 184.1505Mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids Permitted
21 CFR 184.1521Monosodium phosphate derivatives of mono- and diglycerides Permitted
21 CFR 184.1530Niacin Permitted
21 CFR 184.1535Niacinamide Permitted
21 CFR 184.1537Nickel Permitted
21 CFR 184.1538Nisin preparation Permitted
21 CFR 184.1540Nitrogen Permitted
21 CFR 184.1545Nitrous oxide Permitted
21 CFR 184.1553Peptones Permitted
21 CFR 184.1555Rapeseed oil Permitted
21 CFR 184.1560Ox bile extract Permitted
21 CFR 184.1563Ozone Permitted
21 CFR 184.1583Pancreatin Permitted
21 CFR 184.1585Papain Permitted
21 CFR 184.1588Pectins Permitted
21 CFR 184.1595Pepsin Permitted
21 CFR 184.1610Potassium alginate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1613Potassium bicarbonate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1619Potassium carbonate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1622Potassium chloride Permitted
21 CFR 184.1625Tripotassium citrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1631Potassium hydroxide Permitted
21 CFR 184.1634Potassium iodide Permitted
21 CFR 184.1635Potassium iodate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1639Potassium lactate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1643Potassium sulfate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1655Propane Permitted
21 CFR 184.1660Propyl gallate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1666Propylene glycol Permitted
21 CFR 184.1670Propylparaben Permitted
21 CFR 184.1676Pyridoxine hydrochloride Permitted
21 CFR 184.1685Chymosin A from Escherichia coli K-12 Permitted
Chymosin B from Aspergillus niger var. awamori Permitted
Chymosin from Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis Permitted
Rennet (animal-derived) and chymosin preparation (fermentation-derived) Permitted
21 CFR 184.1695Riboflavin Permitted
21 CFR 184.1697Riboflavin-5′-phosphate (sodium) Permitted
21 CFR 184.1698Rue Permitted
21 CFR 184.1699Oil of rue Permitted
21 CFR 184.1702Sheanut oil Permitted
21 CFR 184.1721Sodium acetate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1724Sodium alginate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1733Sodium benzoate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1736Sodium bicarbonate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1742Sodium carbonate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1751Sodium citrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1754Sodium diacetate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1763Sodium hydroxide Permitted
21 CFR 184.1764Sodium hypophosphite Permitted
21 CFR 184.1768Sodium lactate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1769aSodium metasilicate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1784Sodium propionate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1792Sodium sesquicarbonate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1801Sodium tartrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1804Sodium potassium tartrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1807Sodium thiosulfate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1835Sorbitol Permitted
21 CFR 184.1845Stannous chloride Permitted
21 CFR 184.1848Starter distillate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1851Stearyl citrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1854Sucrose Permitted
21 CFR 184.1857Corn sugar Permitted
21 CFR 184.1859Invert sugar Permitted
21 CFR 184.1865Corn syrup Permitted
21 CFR 184.1866High fructose corn syrup Permitted
21 CFR 184.1875Thiamine hydrochloride Permitted
21 CFR 184.1878Thiamine mononitrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1890Alpha-tocopherol Permitted
21 CFR 184.1901Triacetin Permitted
21 CFR 184.1903Tributyrin Permitted
21 CFR 184.1911Triethyl citrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1914Trypsin Permitted
21 CFR 184.1923Urea Permitted
21 CFR 184.1924Urease enzyme preparation from Lactobacillus fermentum Permitted
21 CFR 184.1930Vitamin A Permitted
21 CFR 184.1945Vitamin B12 Permitted
21 CFR 184.1950Vitamin D Permitted
21 CFR 184.1973Beeswax (yellow and white) Permitted
21 CFR 184.1976Candelilla wax Permitted
21 CFR 184.1978Carnauba wax Permitted
21 CFR 184.1979Whey Permitted
21 CFR 184.1979aReduced lactose whey Permitted
21 CFR 184.1979bReduced minerals whey Permitted
21 CFR 184.1979cWhey protein concentrate Permitted
21 CFR 184.1983Bakers yeast extract Permitted
21 CFR 184.1984Zein Permitted
21 CFR 184.1985Aminopeptidase enzyme preparation derived from lactococcus lactis Permitted

Part 189 — Substances prohibited from use in human food

22 substances in 19 sections.

SectionSubstanceStatus
21 CFR 189.110Calamus and its derivatives Prohibited
21 CFR 189.113Cinnamyl anthranilate Prohibited
21 CFR 189.120Cobaltous salts and its derivatives Prohibited
21 CFR 189.130Coumarin Prohibited
21 CFR 189.135Calcium cyclamate Prohibited
Cyclamate and its derivatives Prohibited
Cyclamic acid and its Na and Ca salts Prohibited
Sodium cyclamate Prohibited
21 CFR 189.140Diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) Prohibited
21 CFR 189.145Dulcin Prohibited
21 CFR 189.155Monochloroacetic acid Prohibited
21 CFR 189.165Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) Prohibited
21 CFR 189.175P-4000 Prohibited
21 CFR 189.180Safrole Prohibited
21 CFR 189.190Thiourea Prohibited
21 CFR 189.191Chlorofluorocarbon propellants Prohibited
21 CFR 189.220Flectol H Prohibited
21 CFR 189.240Lead solders Prohibited
21 CFR 189.250Mercaptoimidazoline and 2-mercaptoimidazoline Prohibited
21 CFR 189.2804,4′-Methylenebis (2-chloroanaline) Prohibited
21 CFR 189.300Hydrogenated 4,4′-isopropylidene-diphenolphosphite ester resins Prohibited
21 CFR 189.301Tin-coated lead foil capsules for wine bottles Prohibited